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"2012", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "Roger Goodell", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "spectacular", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "Roger Goodell", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "NFL", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "10", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "2010", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "May 3, 2013", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, won by the home team 49ers", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "Levi's Stadium", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "New Orleans", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "Florida legislature", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game", 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The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "1985", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "game to Levi's Stadium. The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "1985", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "1985", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "1985", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "Levi's Stadium", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "2014", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "1985", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "game", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "2014", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "1985", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "record", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "Panthers made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "II", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "Denver Broncos became one of four teams to have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "Carolina Panthers", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss,", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "Carolina Panthers", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "one loss", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "Denver Broncos", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "DeAngelo Williams", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "the Carolina Panthers", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "Ten", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "Ten", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "14", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "torn ACL", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "DeAngelo Williams", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "1978", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Ten", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "six", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "10", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "27", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Greg Olsen", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "45", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "99.4", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "tight end Greg Olsen, who caught a career-high 77", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "veteran", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "Mike Tolbert, who rushed for 256 yards and caught 18 passes for another 154 yards.", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "six", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "99.4", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "Greg Olsen, who caught a career-high 77 passes for 1,104 yards and seven touchdowns, and wide receiver Ted Ginn, Jr.", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "Mike Tolbert, who rushed for 256 yards and caught 18 passes for another 154 yards.", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "500 points", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "Greg Olsen", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "Greg Olsen, who caught a career-high 77 passes for 1,104 yards and seven touchdowns, and wide receiver Ted Ginn, Jr.", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99.4", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "veteran", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "308", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "11, while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two. Fellow lineman Mario Addison", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "Davis", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "Mario Addison", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "24", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "four", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "Luke Kuechly", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136,", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136,", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136, along with defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "two", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "Wade Phillips", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "39", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "39", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "San Diego Chargers", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "Brock Osweiler", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "Wade Phillips", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "67.9", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "2", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "Owen Daniels was also a big element of the passing game with 46 receptions for 517 yards.", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions.", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "2", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "67.9", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "2", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "Owen Daniels was also a big element of the passing game with 46 receptions for 517 yards. Running back C. J.", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions.", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "Emmanuel Sanders caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores, while adding another 106 yards returning punts.", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "67.9", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions.", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Demaryius Thomas", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "720", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "67.9", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "17", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "C. J. Anderson", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "4.7", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530)", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "Malik Jackson", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Brandon Marshall", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "Chris Harris", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Linebacker", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "Malik Jackson", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "296", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "Chris Harris", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "Brandon Marshall", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "Seattle Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "Seattle Seahawks", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "11", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "17 seconds", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "23", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "11 points", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "Manning's problems with interceptions", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "11", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "11", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "11", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "11", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "11", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "John Elway", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Peyton Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "Peyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "39", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982de": "two", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "39", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "39", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "Peyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "39", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "Peyton Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "1998", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "2011", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "13 years and 48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "13 years and 48 days (Manning was 39, Newton was 26", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "1998", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "2011", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "13 years and 48 days", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes.", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "1998", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "2011", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Newton", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "2011", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "13 years and 48 days (Manning was 39, Newton was 26", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "13 years and 48 days", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "Chicago Bears", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "Chicago Bears", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "Chicago Bears", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Elway", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Elway", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "Chicago Bears", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Elway", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "both head coaches played in the game themselves.", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "Chicago Bears", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "a hybrid Bermuda 419", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Ed Mangan", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "Baltimore Ravens kicker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "Baltimore Ravens kicker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "Justin", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "high enough quality", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf.", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "their cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "a number of players needing to change their cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "natural grass stadiums", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "black", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "34\u201319", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "with matching white pants", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "blue", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "Super Bowls when wearing orange", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State practice facility", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "Santa Clara", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose State practice facility", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "San Jose State practice facility", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "San Jose State practice facility", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Stanford University", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "50", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the \"Golden Super Bowl", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "7", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50-yard line", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "\"homecoming\" events were also held by Super Bowl-winning teams at games.", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50-yard line", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "\"homecoming\" events were also held by Super Bowl-winning teams at games.", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero,", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "Ed Lee", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Jane Kim", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "1 million", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "Ed Lee", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "Moscone Center", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "Justin Herman Plaza", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "Moscone Center", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "1 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "$5 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "NFL Experience", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "Santa Clara University", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "$2 million", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "week", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "city council to help fund the event.", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "pep", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "finding business sponsors and individual donors", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "Bellomy Field", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "professional fundraiser will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": "Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "$2 million worth of other ancillary events,", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "city council", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "SAP Center", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "SAP Center", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "SAP Center", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Tuesday", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "SAP Center", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "SAP Center", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Business Connect", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "$40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Business Connect", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "Business Connect", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Business Connect", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "Business Connect", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "$40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "$40 million", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "Business Connect", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Business Connect", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "$40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "the 50 fund", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "25 percent", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "youth development", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "vowed to be \"the most giving Super Bowl ever\"", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "25 percent", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "grants", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25 percent", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "community investment and sustainable environments", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Vince Lombardi", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "33 lb (15 kg) for a total of 66 lb (30 kg)", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany & Co", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Vince Lombardi", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "18-karat gold", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Tiffany & Co", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Vince Lombardi", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany & Co", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "5K resolution", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "5K", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "three", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "5K resolution", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "5K resolution", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "5K", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "Tracy Wolfson", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "NFL", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "three", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "5K", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "5K resolution", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "December 28, 2015", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "John Sutcliffe", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "John Sutcliffe", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "ESPN Deportes", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL Mobile service", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "NFL Mobile service", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "NFL Mobile service", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "CBSSports.com", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "NFL Mobile service", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "NFL", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "the NFL Mobile service", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "game", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "Stephen Colbert", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "$5,000,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "InBev", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "20th", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "$5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "v", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Doritos, a longtime sponsor of the game, held its \"Crash the Super Bowl\"", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "InBev", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Doritos, a longtime sponsor of the game, held its \"Crash the Super Bowl", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "InBev", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "their own Doritos ads", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "Doritos, a longtime sponsor of the game, held its \"Crash the Super Bowl", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "nine", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "nine", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "30-second commercial aired free of charge", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "Small Business Big Game", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "Jason Bourne", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "Gods", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets and the debut trailer for Jason Bourne", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "Gods", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Super Bowl", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Captain America", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "20th Century Fox", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Deadpool", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Boomer Esiason", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "James Lofton", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "anchor", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "Jim Gray", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "Dave Logan", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "Dave Logan", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "Chester", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "99.3 FM), which is based in Chester, South Carolina", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "Dave Logan", "56d724620d65d214001983be": "Dave Logan", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Ed McCaffrey", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "Dave Logan", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "Mick Mixon", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "Dave Logan", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "Dave Logan", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "39 of the 43", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Chuck Howley", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "Peyton Manning", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "2001", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "39 of the 43", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "Harvey Martin", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "39 of the 43", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "Peyton Manning", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "Harvey Martin", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "American Sign Language", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Marlee Matlin", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Lady Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "British rock group Coldplay.", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British rock group Coldplay.", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "Bruno Mars", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "Hymn for the Weekend", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Mark Ronson", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "Beyonc\u00e9", "56d725790d65d214001983da": "Bruno Mars", "56d725790d65d214001983db": "Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "Bruno Mars", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Beyonc\u00e9", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "Hymn for the Weekend\"", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Bruno Mars", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Owen Daniels", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Ronnie Hillman", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "Brandon McManus", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Panthers 14-yard line", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "linebacker Shaq Thompson", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "Brandon McManus", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Owen Daniels", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "C. J. Anderson", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "Mike Carey", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "linebacker Von Miller", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Malik Jackson", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "Mike Carey", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "linebacker Von Miller", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown, giving the team a 10\u20130 lead.", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "Mike Carey", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "linebacker Von Miller", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "Malik Jackson", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown, giving the team a 10\u20130 lead.", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Jonathan Stewart", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "Mario Addison dragged him down on the Panthers 14-yard line.", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "28", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "Brad Nortman", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "33", "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51", "56d729180d65d21400198427": "11:28 left in the second quarter", "56d729180d65d21400198428": "11:28", "56d729180d65d21400198429": "none of them attempted to make a tackle, apparently thinking Norwood", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "10", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "10\u20137", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "10\u20137", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "linebacker", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "Kony Ealy", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "DeMarcus Ware", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "DeMarcus Ware", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "safety", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "Kony Ealy", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "Mike Tolbert", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Danny Trevathan", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "45-yard line", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "DeMarcus Ware", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "Graham", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "T. J. Ward", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "Corey Brown", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "Graham Gano hit the uprights", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "T. J. Ward", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "Trevathan", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Corey Brown", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "26", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "Graham Gano", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "Ealy", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Devin", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Devin Funchess and a 12-yard run by Stewart then set up Gano's 39-yard field goal,", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "41-yard line", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "Ealy", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "punt", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ea", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "Panthers", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "16", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "Panthers 4-yard line", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "Ward", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "Josh Norman", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Miller stripped", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Miller", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "Josh Norman", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "3:08 left and essentially putting the game away.", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "the Panthers 4-yard line", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Miller stripped", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Ward", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "Miller", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Ward, who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line.", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "five", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "McManus made all four", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "NFC title game", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "McManus made all four of his field goals, making him perfect on all 11 attempts during the post-season.", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns.", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "zero", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Anderson", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "NFC title game", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "90 yards and a touchdown, along with four receptions for 10 yards.", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "Newton", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "McManus made all four of his field goals, making him perfect on all 11 attempts during the post-season.", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "Defensive", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "seven", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21 to 11", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "seven", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "seven", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21 to 11", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "seven", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "Baltimore Ravens", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "21 to 11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "21 to 11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "seven", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "Kony Ealy", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "seven", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "15.5 ha, was formally a royal garden. There are over 100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "\u0141azienki Park", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "About 15 kilometres (9 miles", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "oxbow lakes, like Czerniak\u00f3w Lake", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "clean them of plants and sediments", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "significant numbers of foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "1,178,914 inhabitants 833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish minority", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "the Medical University", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "University Library", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft)", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Three", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "metro", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "the Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "numerous", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Summer Jazz Days", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "festivals", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "1870", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Wreaths", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "when", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "the fern flower, there are musical performances, dignitaries' speeches, fairs and fireworks by the river bank.", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "National Museum", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "National Museum", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "some paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army whose set portrays the history of arms.", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "about 500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "modern art by Polish and international artists", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "they", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "Ekstraklasa", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "fewer supporters", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "at Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "their", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid (syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "sword", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "A greedy merchant also heard her songs; he followed the fishermen and captured the mermaid.", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "songs", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "Tadeusz \u0141empicki", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Israeli", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "1313, at a time when Krak\u00f3w served as the Polish capital city.", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "picturesque Old Town in 1980 was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "the Castle Square with the Royal Castle and the iconic King Sigismund's Column", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "\"", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "\"", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "\"", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock, Boles\u0142aw II", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "about 1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796", "57332a734776f41900660727": "1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's army", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1796", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Second Polish Republic", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "July 1944, the Red Army was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "AK)", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "Home Army fighters and civilians assisting them were forced to capitulate.", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "Home Army fighters and civilians assisting them were forced to capitulate.", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II's visits to his native country in 1979 and 1983", "573330444776f41900660759": "solidarity movement", "573330444776f4190066075a": "1979 and 1983", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "1979", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "Baltic Sea", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "Germany", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "75", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "75", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "Escarpment", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "also groups of clay pits.", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces and the lowest one the flood plain terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions with water systems coming from the Vistula old \u2013 riverbed", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "peat swamps", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "communist-ruled PRL", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th", "573361404776f4190066093e": "14th", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1562", "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", "573362b94776f41900660974": "numerous noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688", "573362b94776f41900660976": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture in Warsaw", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja building", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "socialist realism style (like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris).", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "socialist realism style (like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris).", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising,", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "World War II", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green spaces", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "ry", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "Ogr\u00f3d Zoologiczny", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "the", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "\u0141azienki park", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "capital", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "a commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta)", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "Jan Andrzej Menich (1695\u20131696)", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "2002", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents.", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN, 111696", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "under license from Fiat, later renamed FSO 125p when the license expired) and the Polonez", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Warszawa [var\u02c8\u0282ava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Vistula River", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "2.666 million", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "1.740 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "the Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "raiders and pirates", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "1066", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "their martial spirit", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking\"", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "the French lands between the river Epte and the Atlantic coast", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Seine", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "the 880s", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "France", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "a Saracen", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "William Iron Arm", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "William Iron Arm", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "1194, when it was transferred to the House of Hohenstaufen through marriage.", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Rogeriana\", was written by the Andalusian al-Idrisi for king Roger II of Sicily", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger\")", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "meritocratic", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Pechenegs", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Asia Minor", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "northern Syria", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "el", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Raoul", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "military successes, ultimately drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "count of Apulia", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Byzantines in the city of Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Mili", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium, owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials.", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "Norman", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "1013", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "The Normans were in contact with England from an early date.", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "1066, Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066, Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "the Anglo-Saxons", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "1169", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III of Scotland", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III of Scotland", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Davidian Revolution", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "William's most trusted Norman barons", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "Third Crusade", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "Richard the Lion-hearted", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "Acre", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Limassol", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "Guy de Lusignan. Isaac surrendered and was confined with silver chains", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre", "56de41504396321400ee2715": "Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre", "56de41504396321400ee2716": "King of Cyprus", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1489", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Knights Templar", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "10th and 13th centuries and survives today through the legal systems of Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two judges for use by them and their colleagues", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "England and Italy", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "the Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "the Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Sicily", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "The church was utilised by the dukes as a unifying force", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "Palermo", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "southern Italy, where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "Robert Guiscard", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "alternating current", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "1884", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "1884", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "War of Currents", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "Thomas Edison", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "AC induction motor and transformer", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices.", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices.", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "high-voltage, high-frequency power", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices.", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "boat", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "Wardenclyffe Tower", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "7 January 1943", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "mad scientist\"", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "New York hotels, through his retirement", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "mad scientist\"", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "money", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "7 January 1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "SI unit of magnetic flux density", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "1990s.", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "showmanship", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "Croatia", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence. Tesla's progenitors were from western Serbia, near Montenegro", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "eidetic memory", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Milutin Tesla", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "\u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107)", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence. Tesla's progenitors were from western Serbia, near Montenegro", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "making home craft tools", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "fourth", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Milka, Angelina and Marica", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "fourth", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "pastor", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "German", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "1870, Tesla moved to Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "nine months", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "priesthood", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "nine months", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "promised to send him to the best engineering school", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "1874", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "Gra\u010dac", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "1874", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj, near Gra\u010dac", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "1874", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "Gra\u010dac", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj, near Gra\u010dac", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "1874", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1879", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "Serbian culture club", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "Serbian culture club, and even received a letter of commendation from the dean of the technical faculty", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Graz", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "1875", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1879", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "gambling", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "1879", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "dropped out of school", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "December 1878", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "school", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "school", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "December 1878", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "the fact that he dropped out of school", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "dropped out of school", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "60", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "60", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "Charles-Ferdinand", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "lectures", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "lectures", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "1880", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "lectures", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "lectures", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "two of Tesla's uncles", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "chief electrician", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "a telephone repeater or amplifier", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "chief electrician", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "New York City:57\u201360", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City:57\u201360", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "57\u201360", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "Continental Edison Company in France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "Continental Edison Company in France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "New York City:57\u201360", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "57\u201360", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "New York City:57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "direct current", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "generators", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "direct current", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "1885", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "\"Tesla, you don't understand our American humor.\"", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "Edison", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "Edison", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "1886", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "The investors", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "ditch digger", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "the winter of 1886/1887", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "control", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "ditch digger", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "$", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Charles F. Peck", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "April 1887", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "\u2153", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "an induction motor that ran on alternating current", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "commutator", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "sparking", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "did not need a commutator", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "alternating current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "polyphase current which generated a rotating magnetic field to turn the motor (a principle Tesla claimed to have conceived in 1882).", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "commutator", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "May 1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "a friend and publicist", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "Company", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "Company", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Company", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "polyphase induction", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "polyphase induction motor", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "Westinghouse", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "polyphase induction motor", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "polyphase induction motor", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "1888", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "alternating current system to power the city's streetcars", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "a DC traction motor", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "War of Currents", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "War of Currents", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "War of Currents", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse that had been simmering since Westinghouse's first AC system in 1886", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "War of Currents", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "War of Currents", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "War of Currents", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "George Westinghouse", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "Chicago", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "alternating current", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "76", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "alternating current", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public.", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "1893, George Westinghouse", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "AC power", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "the current state of all the competing systems.", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "General Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "General Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "1893", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "1893", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "Westinghouse system to light incandescent bulbs using two-phase alternating current", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "1896", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "Westinghouse Electric purchasing the patents for a lump sum payment of $216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "$216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "Westinghouse had paid out an estimated $200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "J. P. Morgan", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "$200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "$216,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "35", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "South Fifth Avenue", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York. He lit electric lamps", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "the Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "35", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "30 July 1891, at the age of 35", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "35", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "South Fifth Avenue laboratory", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "vice president", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "Radio Engineers", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "radiant energy", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "$50,000", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "1894", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "the metal locking screw on the camera lens", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "Mark", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography)", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "1896", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "bremsstrahlung", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "vacuum tube", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "1896", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus.", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "Roentgen rays", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "Roentgen rays, but by the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "in force-free magnetic fields", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "Roentgen", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "plasmas", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "Roentgen rays", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Benjamin Lamme", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "Westinghouse engineer Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "the Egg", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "11 July 1934", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "\"The particles in the beam of force", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "physically", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "\"The particles in the beam of force", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "National Electric Light Association", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "the Tesla Coil", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Franklin Institute", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "monkey", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "1900", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Guglielmo Marconi", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "17", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "1943", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Colorado", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "15 June 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "five inches", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "stationary waves", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "great distances and the nature of what Tesla was detecting from lightning storms confirmed his belief that the earth had a resonant frequency", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "100 feet", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "St. Elmo's fire", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "a power station generator", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "The Electrical Experimenter", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "several hundred kilowatts", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "several hundred kilowatts", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "1899, John Jacob Astor IV invested $100,000", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "John Jacob Astor IV invested $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "7 January 1900", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "1904", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "Shoreham", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "Shoreham, Long Island", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "more funds", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "agreement", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "funds", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "July", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "16,000 rpm", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "16,000 rpm", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "New York", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator.", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "Allan L. Benson", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "the earth's crust", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "the application of electricity", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "1912", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "William H. Maxwell", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "overseas", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "$20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars).", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "$20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "overseas investors", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "er", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "a fluorescent screen", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "radar", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "\u00c9mile Girardeau", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.\":245", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "Sir William Henry Bragg", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "he has made known his intention to refuse the reward is ridiculous\"; a recipient could only decline a Nobel Prize after he is announced a winner", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "$20,000 prize money", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "38", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "38", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "1,655,114", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "1928", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "$1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "tiltrotor/tilt-wing concept as well as the earliest proposal for the use of turbine engines in rotor aircraft.", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "$125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "$125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company began paying Tesla $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "bad publicity", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "mechanical energy", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits.", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "minimal loss", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "be taken to his hotel", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "a doctor\u2014an almost lifelong custom). Tesla didn't raise any question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "three", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "up", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "taxicab", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "ground-based infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "tungsten", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "a little time will pass before I can give it to the world.\"", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "charged particle beam", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "superweapon", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "efforts had been made to steal", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "teleforce weapon", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "empty-handed", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "86", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "H.W. Wembly examined the body and ruled that the cause of death had been coronary thrombosis", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "Alice Monaghan", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "\"do not disturb", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "coronary thrombosis", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "an American citizen", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "an American citizen", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "unfriendly hands", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "seize", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "Ferncliff Cemetery in Ardsley, New York", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "two thousand", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "two thousand people attended a state funeral for Tesla at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "1952, following pressure from Tesla's nephew, Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "1952, following pressure from Tesla's nephew, Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "Nikola Tesla Museum", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "278", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "278", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "Canada", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "62", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "9", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "headwaiter", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "squished his toes", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": "one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "one", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "$2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room to nurse back to health.", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "a specific injured white pigeon", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "nurse back to health. He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "1888", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "1888 to about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "282", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by visions", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "282", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by visions.:33", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "a photographic memory", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "more than 48 hours", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "84 hours", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "Graz", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "3", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "journalist", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "chastity", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "polite and soft-spoken", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "I made too great a sacrifice to my work", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy Skerrit", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "seclude himself", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "Julian Hawthorne,", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "Francis Marion Crawford", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "Mark Twain; they spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere.", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "George Sylvester Viereck, a poet", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "overweight people, such as when he fired a secretary", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "secretary", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "weight", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "secretary", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "249", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "249", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "conversion of matter into energy.:247", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "81", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "curved space", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "81", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "eugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "the belief that humans' \"pity\" had interfered with the natural \"ruthless workings of nature,\"", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "\"pity\" had interfered with the natural \"ruthless workings of nature,\"", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "20 December 1914). Tesla believed that the League of Nations", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science and Discovery", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "the League of Nations", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Orthodox Christian. Later in his life, he did not consider himself to be a \"believer in the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "religious fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "Buddhism", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "\"A Machine to End War\"", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "War", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "Nikola Tesla", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "Nikola Tesla", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "Ben Johnston", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency,\" published in his book Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Nikola Tesla", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "The impact of the technologies", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Time magazine", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "Time magazine", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "\"All the world's his power house\"", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "more than 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "Albert Einstein", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "principle", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "the amount of communication (used in communication complexity), the number of gates", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "significant resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "resources", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved.", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "a rather concrete utterance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "a particular input to the problem, and the solution is the output corresponding to the given input", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "a particular input to the problem, and the solution is the output corresponding to the given input", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "10 km", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "a string", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "their adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0. A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0. A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "instances", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "the input string, otherwise it is said to reject the input", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "an arbitrary graph", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "deciding whether the given graph is connected, or not. The formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single output (of a total function", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "more complex than that of a decision problem", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "the size of the input in bits.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "the time required to solve a problem (or the space required, or any measure of complexity) is calculated as a function of the size", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "the size of the input in bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "an increase in the input size", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "an extra supply of random bits", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "an", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory consumption", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "deterministically", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "many", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "a computational model that is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once. The non-deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "\"yes\" or \"no\")", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used.", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used.", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity resources", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "any complexity measure", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "the Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average case complexity refer to three", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "O(n2)", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "space consumption", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "the field of analysis of algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "showing that no algorithm can have time complexity lower than T(n)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "showing that no algorithm can have time complexity lower than T(n)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "space consumption", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation one would write T(n) = O(n2)", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "some complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "f(n", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "xx | x is any binary string}", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds thesis", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "bounding", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "Many important complexity classes", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "#P is an important complexity class of counting problems", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "#P is an important complexity class of counting problems", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive proof systems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "2)", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "constraining", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "how much more additional time or space", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "P is strictly contained in EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in PSPACE.", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "transformation", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "no more difficult than Y, and we say that X reduces to Y", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "transformation of one problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "transformation of one problem into another problem.", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "squaring can be reduced to multiplication", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction being used.", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "every problem in C can be reduced to X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "any problem", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "C", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "C", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "the most difficult problems in NP, in the sense that they are the ones most likely not to be in P.", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "polynomial-time solution for \u03a01.", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "that P = NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "a mathematical abstraction", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "each problem in P is also member of the class NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "each problem in P is also member of the class NP", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "yes, many important problems can be shown to have more efficient solutions.", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "whether P equals NP", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "wide implications of a solution.", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "P \u2260 NP", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "determining", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "whether two finite graphs are isomorphic", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "determining the prime factorization of a given integer", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "determining the prime factorization of a given integer", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "quantum algorithm for this problem, Shor's algorithm", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "collapse to one class", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "collapse to one class", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "contained", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "many", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "NL and NC", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "more than the smallest inputs", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "those that are EXPTIME-hard", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases.", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem.", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "Alan Turing in 1936", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "Edmonds", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "Raymond Smullyan", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "discussion abstract enough to be independent of the choice of encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "1967", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "study of pedagogy", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "university or college", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "a lesson plan", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "a school or other place of formal education", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "transient or ongoing role, such as a family", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "family", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "the Quran, Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "the Quran, Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas, may teach religious texts", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Chartered", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "homeschooling, or in the wider community. Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "a", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "school functions", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "supervisors for extracurricular activities", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "to serve and protect the public interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "practice for the teaching profession", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "members in good standing with the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "teachers in publicly funded schools", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "publicly funded schools", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "programs", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "teachers in publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "a tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "a tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": "a tutor", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "informal or formal approach to learning, including a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills.", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "internet", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "a course of study", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "interact with students of different ages", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority. The teacher may interact with students of different ages", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "particular skills", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "self-study and problem solving with a lot of feedback around that loop.", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "inspire the bored", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "pressure the lazy", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "a teacher who stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "a teacher who stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "the primary school where they act as form tutor", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "relationship between teachers and children. In primary schools each class has a teacher who stays with them for most of the week", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "a group of students together in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject.", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "a group of students together in one class", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "placing", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "placing a group", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "primary education", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "two", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom. Co-teaching focuses the student on learning", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "social networking support", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "a substitute parent", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "school discipline", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "spanking", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "Most Western countries", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "Constitution", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "birching", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "30 US states have banned corporal punishment, the others (mostly in the South", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "caning", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "caning", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": "ing", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "the pupil to remain in school at a given time in the school day (such as lunch, recess or after school", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "Singapore", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "the pupil to remain in school", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "an assertive teacher who is prepared to impose their will upon a class", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "immediate and fair punishment", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "appropriate and inappropriate behavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "respect", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "assertive", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "high standards of education", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "the weakness in school discipline", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "assertive and confrontational", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "many teachers find the students unmanageable and do not enforce discipline", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": "extremely rigid codes", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "little opportunity for concentration", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": "motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "disproportionate resources", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "popularly based", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "rules are arbitrary", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "persuasion and negotiation", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "absolute", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "laws", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "positive learning experience", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "their passion", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "by rote", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm for the course materials", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "classroom", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "lecture material", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "demonstrative", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "college students", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "higher", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "catching onto the enthusiasm and energy of the teacher", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "the enthusiasm and energy of the teacher", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "emotional contagion", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "beneficial relations with their students", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "the goals he receives from his superior", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "stronger self-confidence and greater personal and academic success than those without these teacher interactions", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "beneficial relations with their students", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "friendly and supportive", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "friendly and supportive", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers. Teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "a willingness to play", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "three", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "enthusiastic about the subject matter they are teaching. For example, a teacher talking about chemistry needs to enjoy the art of chemistry", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "excitement", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "very influential in the young students life", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "the art of chemistry", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "9.6%", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "sexual misconduct", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "\"sexual abuse with a professional,\" not necessarily a teacher", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "teacher", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "2,869", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "AAUW", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": "Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "prosecution for statutory rape", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "sex offenders register", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "long hours", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "occupational burnout", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42%", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "42%", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession. A 2012", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "double the rate of anxiety", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment,", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "counseling", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "Organizational", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "Organizational", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "a university or college", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "certification", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary school education certificate is earned after completion of high school", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": "psychiatric evaluation", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "the individual states and territories", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "three", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools)", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "universities and/or TAFE colleges", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "three-tier", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "Bachelor's Degree", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Bachelor's Degree", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "provincial government", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Grundschule", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "the civil servants' salary index scale", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Hauptschule), middle level secondary schools (Realschule", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Gael", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "\u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "\u20ac90,000", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "the Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "Oireachtas", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role\". Existing staff", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role\". Existing staff", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "voluntary", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "\u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "\u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "\u00a320,980 annually", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "bachelor's degree", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "alternative licensing programs", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "alternative licensing programs", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "geographic", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "secondary school", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS)", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "seven", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "seven Scottish Universities", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "a year", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a339,942", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a332,583", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "\u00a332,583", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "be registered members of trade unions", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Welsh", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "22 per cent", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "members of trade unions", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "younger", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "2005 and 2010", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "ATL", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "Welsh schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "substitute/temporary", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "ten years", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "bachelor's degree and the majority must be certified by the state in which they teach. Many charter schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "No Child Left Behind", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "$51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "$51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "$51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "$39,259", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "order to earn supplemental income, most notably on TeachersPayTeachers.com", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "\"discernment of spirits", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "\"discernment of spirits", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "a semi-official to official position", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "\"discernment of spirits", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "the teacher is an office in the Aaronic priesthood, generally conferred on young boys or recent converts, and has little in common with the \"spiritual teacher", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "little in common with the \"spiritual teacher\" archetype", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "spiritual teacher\" archetype", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "little in common with the \"spiritual teacher\" archetype", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "father of the house", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "a guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "a guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "the emphasis", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "a Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "a Tulku", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "laws of Islam", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "mullahs (the teachers at madrassas) to ulemas", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "Five Pillars of Islam", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "Qutb", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": "10 November 1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "10 November 1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "Late Medieval Catholic Church", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "freedom from God's punishment for sin", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "10 November 1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "Luther taught that salvation and subsequently eternal life", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "free gift", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "the Pope", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "the Bible", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "a holy priesthood", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "the vernacular (instead of Latin", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "Tyndale Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "singing in churches", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "Katharina von Bora", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Eisleben", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Saxony, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was baptized as a Catholic", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": "Eisleben, Saxony", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "1501", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "1501", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "four", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "Erfurt", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "1505", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "law school at the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "Bartholomaeus Arnoldi von Usingen", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "Aristotle over the latter's emphasis on reason. For Luther, reason could be used to question men and institutions, but not God", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "lightning bolt", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "2 July 1505, he was returning to university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him.", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "2", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "two friends", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther's education", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "Augustinian order", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "Augustinian", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "Johann von Staupitz, his superior", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "1507", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "theology", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "Biblical studies on 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "Doctor in Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Doctor in Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "Doctor of Theology", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "1516", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "1516", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "fiduciary or dogmatic", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "faith", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "fides caritate formata)", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "Ninety-Five These", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Hans Hillerbrand", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "Thesis 86", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "Johann Tetzel that \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Johann Tetzel that \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Johann Tetzel that \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "God", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "salvation", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "He insisted that, since forgiveness was God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "He", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "false assurances", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": "Tetzel", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "saying of Tetzel was by no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "dead", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "the time", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "posting on the door", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "friends", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "friends of Luther", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": "friends of Luther", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "Freedom of a Christian.", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians.", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "Catholic Church", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "corrupt", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "several of the central truths of Christianity", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "the understanding of all godliness.\"", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "Desiderius Erasmus", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "the work of God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "the work of God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "faith alone makes someone just and fulfills the law", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Luther", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\"", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "Reformation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "Luther", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "heresy", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "heresy", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "a papal dispensation", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "revenue", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "heresy", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Sylvester Mazzolini", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "Sylvester Mazzolini", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "the Imperial Diet was held. There, in October 1518", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy concluded that the papacy was the Antichrist", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "great care as is proper.", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "the Saxon", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "the Saxon, who was a relative of the Elector, and promised to remain silent", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "Johann Eck", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "neither popes nor church councils", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "The theologian Johann Eck, however, was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum.", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "the papal bull (edict) Exsurge Domine", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "95 Theses, within 60 days.", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "41", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "3 January 1521, in the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem.", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "secular authorities", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "18 April 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a town on the Rhine", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Emperor Charles V presiding. Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, obtained a safe conduct for Luther to and from the meeting.", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Prince Frederick III", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "a knight", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "Luther", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "\"Here I stand. I can do no other\"", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "dramatic", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "notorious heretic", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "literature, and requiring his arrest: \"We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "kill", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "disappearance", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "masked horsemen who were made to appear as armed highwaymen", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "Eisenach", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "New Testament from Greek into German and poured out doctrinal and polemical writings.", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "Mainz", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just.", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "justice resides", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "summer of 1521", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "ry", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "a gift, to be received with thanksgiving by the whole congregation", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "\"every Christian is a confessor.\"", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "could break their vows without sin", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "1521", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "Reformation", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "the prophecy of the Little Horn", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "8:9\u201312, 23\u201325", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "The antichrist of 2 Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy.", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "Gabriel Zwilling", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "Gabriel", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "June 1521", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "the Augustinian friars against their prior, the smashing of statues and images in churches, and denunciations of the magistracy.", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "the town council", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "the citizens to trust God's word", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9 March", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "\"Invocavit Sermons", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "Jerome", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "Dr. Martin", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "misguided", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "public order", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "conservative force", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "the Zwickau prophets", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "violence", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church but also the radical reformers", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Preachers such as Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas M\u00fcntzer", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "Preachers such as Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas M\u00fcntzer", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "many peasants to believe he would support an attack on the upper classes", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "the upper classes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "the temporal authorities", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "nobles to put down the rebels like mad dogs", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "Twelve Articles", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "nobles", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "peasants \"outside the law of God and Empire\", so they deserved \"death in body and soul, if only as highwaymen and murderers.\"", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "\"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's\"", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "God", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "all", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "outside the law of God and Empire\", so they deserved \"death in body and soul, if only as highwaymen and murderers", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "many rebels laid down their weapons", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "the secular powers", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Katharina von Bora", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "herring barrels", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "26", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "26", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "13 June 1525", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "evening", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "27 June", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Johannes Apel, Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Johannes Apel, Philipp Melanchthon", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "Biblical", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "reckless", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "moved into a former monastery, \"The Black Cloister", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "monastery", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "Hans \u2013 June 1526", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "poverty for the riches of Croesus", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "farming", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "1526", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "a supervisory church body, laid down a new form of worship service", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "supervisory church body", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "isms", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "a theology of the cross", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "confusing or upsetting the people", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "Electorate of Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "role of repentance", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "John the Steadfast", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "the temporal sovereign", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "public stimulation for people to believe and become Christians.\"", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "public stimulation for people to believe and become Christians.\"", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "\"everything that smacks of sacrifice\"", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "\"public stimulation for people to believe and become Christians.\" Luther based his order on the Catholic service but omitted \"everything that smacks of sacrifice\"", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "colleagues", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "visitation of the Electorate of Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "pastoral care", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "Merciful God, what misery I have seen,\" Luther wrote, \"the common people knowing nothing at all of Christian doctrine", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "unskilled", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "basics", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "basics of Christianity to the congregations.", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "The catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626053": "pastors", "56f86966aef2371900626054": "three persons of the Trinity", "56f86966aef2371900626055": "pastors", "56f86966aef2371900626056": "a doctrine to be learned", "56f86966aef2371900626057": "the Father", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "end of his life. Others had translated the Bible into German, but Luther tailored his translation to his own doctrine.", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "alone", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "Bible accessible to everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance.\"", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "German-language publications", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "Bible translation", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "evolution of the German language and literature", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "William Tyndale", "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626072": "folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626073": "singing of German hymns in connection with worship, school, home, and the public arena", "56f87000aef2371900626074": "a lute", "56f87000aef2371900626075": "the waldzither", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "\"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\"", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "Lutheran views", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "\"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\"", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "\"A new song we raise\")", "56f87392aef2371900626099": "\"We All Believe in One True God", "56f87392aef237190062609a": "\"We All Believe in One True God", "56f87392aef237190062609b": "\"We All Believe in One True God", "56f87392aef237190062609c": "an earlier German creedal hymn, gained widespread use in vernacular Lutheran liturgies as early as 1525.", "56f87392aef237190062609d": "difficulty", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, \"Vater unser im Himmelreich", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "Vater unser im Himmelreich", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "candidates on specific catechism", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "multiple revisions, demonstrating Luther's concern to clarify and strengthen the text and to provide an appropriately prayerful tune", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "Vater unser im Himmelreich", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir\"", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "\"From depths of woe I cry to you\"", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "evangelical colleagues", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "the Achtliederbuch", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "essential Reformation doctrine", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Christmas", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Christmas", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Advent", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "\"Dies sind die heilgen Zehn Gebot\"", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Johann Walter", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "Wolf Heintz", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "J. S. Bach", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Wolf Heintz", "56f88025aef237190062611e": "early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", "56f88025aef237190062611f": "early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", "56f88025aef2371900626120": "18 of 26 songs", "56f88025aef2371900626121": "24", "56f88025aef2371900626122": "Achtliederbuch", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "music.", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them,", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them,", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them,", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "Purgatory", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "John Calvin and Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "Purgatory", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "John Calvin and Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "\"in their graves and in heaven", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Franz Pieper observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Franz Pieper observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "Franz Pieper observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "Johann Gerhard. Lessing (1755", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "anima non sic dormit), but wakes (sed vigilat) and experiences visions", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne in 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "Francis Blackburne in 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "dreams", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "doctrinal unity", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "doctrinal unity", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "fourteen", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "the significance of the words spoken by Jesus", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "confrontational", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "Swiss", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "Protestant nobles", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "antithetical", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "antithetical in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "none other than reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "honoring their different epistemological spheres", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "the Reformation continued, Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "Judaism", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "the papacy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "the papacy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "an alien faith", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "a Latin translation", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "1542", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Turk\"", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "\"Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the papacy and other false Christians live.\"", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "scrutiny", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "Agricola", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments)", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "the Councils and the Church", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "second use of the law,\"", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "second use of the law,\"", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "Simply refusing to preach the Ten Commandments among Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "asserting that Christians are no longer sinners in themselves and that the church consists only of essentially holy people", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "the Christian ought to live", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "third", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "Ten", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "Luther", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "Margarethe von der Saale", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "Martin Brecht", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "lasting damage to Luther's reputation", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "ninety", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "blasphemers and liars", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "the divinity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "blasphemers and liars", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "treatise", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "\"the devil's people\"", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "On the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "works", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "1580s", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "development of antisemitism", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "Reinhold Lewin", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Heinrich Himmler", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "Julius Streicher", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "preventive measures", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "preventive measures", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "yellow badge", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "yellow badge", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "limited", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "Biographer", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "the modern hatred of the Jews", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "18th and 19th centuries", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "religious", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "violence", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism. Ronald Berger writes that Luther is credited with \"Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "Judaism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "Judaism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "the National Socialists", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "a declining state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "a declining state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "vulgarity", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Mark U. Edwards", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "1980s", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "4,745", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "disproportionately", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "1928-1933", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "1531 to 1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "antagonisms with and among his fellow reformers, and the scandal which ensued from the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse incident", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "the effects of angina", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "for years, including M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "December 1544, he began to feel the effects of angina", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "Market Church", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "L\u00e9on Poliakov", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "\"we want to practice Christian love toward them and pray that they convert,\"", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade.", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "late 1545", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "early 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "his", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels.", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "Ps. 31:5)", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "8", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "An apoplectic stroke", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "2", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "Wittenberg", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Latin", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "Latin", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "contrast to images of frail Catholic saints", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "frail", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "stout man", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "medieval religious orders", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "Protestantism", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "31 October", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "eight", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Las Vegas", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Ventura", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "60 percent", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Los Angeles area with over 12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles in southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard culture", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "the Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "the Californios", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Los Angeles", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "1850", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated \"Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "1850s", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "Colorado", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "northern, central, and southern California regions", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "the California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "the California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "South of the Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "South of the Tehachapis", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis.", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "San Diego\u2013Tijuana", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "Riverside-San Bernardino area", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "the non-desert", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Southern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "Southeast", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains, through the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Transverse and Peninsular", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "1994 Northridge earthquake", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "Northridge", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "Northridge", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "USGS", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "Southern California is divided culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "Southern California is divided culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere, anchored usually by a city", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010 United States Census, southern California has a population of 22,680,010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "10.0%", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419, and San Diego\u2013Tijuana at 5,105,768", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "34", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "twelve cities with more than 200,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood (film, television, and music). Other industries include software, automotive, ports, finance, tourism, biomedical, and regional logistics", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "2001\u20132007", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "the 1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "suburbs", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Southern California is home to many major business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Downtown Los Angeles", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown Los Angeles", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Downtown Santa Monica", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Downtown Long Beach", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "Downtown", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Downtown", "57060df252bb891400689820": "Downtown San Bernardino", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Downtown", "57060df252bb891400689822": "University", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Downtown Santa Ana", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "Downtown Santa Ana", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "Downtown", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Los Angeles, the United States' busiest commercial port; the adjacent Port of Long Beach", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689866": "5", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "Los Angeles Lakers", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy)", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689880": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689881": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689882": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689883": "LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Pac-12 Conference", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689896": "southern California", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "November 1990", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "British Sky Broadcasting Limited", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "Irish", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "the English FA", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "\u00a31.3bn", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a34.2bn", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "using a Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "no extra charge. Customers that do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels can still pay a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "two or more premium channels", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS, a Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "the basic channels", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "increased the asking price", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "substantially more value", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "cloud storage service", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital platform", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub)", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds. This allows all set top boxes in a household", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds. This allows all set top boxes in a household", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "The Sky Q Silver set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts, which Sky will introduce later in 2016", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Sky", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "digital terrestrial platform, and on the same day that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "sport", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "Some", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "9.75/10.600 GHz", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "Sky", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "\u00a3304m", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "no", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "Sky", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "more than 25m people", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than 25m people", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "2.4m", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "\"Welfare Cash Card", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "sports channels", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Daily Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "Sky", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "their respective basic channels", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "Virgin Media", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "mining activity", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo and its environs", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales. However, there was a riot at Buckland Valley near Bright in 1857", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "Many", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "44", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "About 61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "Buddhism", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "Vic) is a state in the south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Melbourne, which is Australia's second-largest city.", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "Melbourne", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "the Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "New South Wales", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "mostly in the state's west", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "grain", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "grain", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "\"entrenched\"", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "1975", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts.", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F) during summer and 15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F) in winter", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "upper Wimmera", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "2\u20137 \u00b0C (4\u201313 \u00b0F) warmer than around Melbourne", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "some extra costs", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "comply with government-set curriculum standards", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "Ford, Toyota", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "Mount", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m (6,516 ft", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "Murray River system", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "the helmeted honeyeater", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "9 \u00b0C (48 \u00b0F)", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "1965", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "V", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "CFCL Australia", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "the absolute independence", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "Bendigo. Later discoveries occurred at many sites across Victoria. This triggered one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen.", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria.", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "1,548 public schools, 489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "61 per cent", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "interstate trunk routes", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against mining taxes (the \"Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "extend the franchise", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "the Imperial Parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "Daniel Andrews", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "$8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "$8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "small horticultural outfits to large-scale livestock and grain productions. A quarter of farmland is used to grow consumable crops.", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "more than 60%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "more than 60%", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "southern and central parts of France", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "Nantes", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "unclear", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "1560", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "\"a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy\"", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "Reformed church", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "the Edict of 1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "1628", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons in France", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston, South Carolina", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III of Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "roughly 500,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre when 5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "St. Bartholomew's Day", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "1620", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "1620", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "1620", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "1620", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "1621 and 1629", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "A diaspora of French Australians", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "21 miles", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "\"Huguenot Street Historic District", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle,", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New Rochelle", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "75,000 to 100,000 people", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "1715", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "75,000 to 100,000 people", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "the pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "Walloons", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Walloons", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "Turnagain Lane", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "many", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "slow rate of population growth", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "1759-60", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598, when Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "Nantes", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "1598, when Henry of Navarre", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics and were called \"new converts\"", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Four thousand", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "South America", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "South America", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "Guanabara Confession of Faith", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Jack Jouett", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston, South Carolina", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "Some", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "twenty-five widows", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "the French language in their church services", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Several", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Frederick William", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "to surrounding Protestant countries", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "1702 and 1709", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Parris Island, South Carolina", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "390", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "\"Apologie\" of William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Walloons", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "the 1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "worship", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Quebec, where they were accepted and allowed to worship freely", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "Dutch Cape Colony", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "little Hugos, or those who want Hugo.", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "Olivetan", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "Jean Cauvin", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics killed thousands", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "military troops", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch, London", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "Black Eagle", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "1685", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angerm\u00fcnde", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Edict of Potsdam) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angerm\u00fcnde", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "1685", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "the Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "a boiler operating at a high pressure.", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "a high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712.", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "Richard Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south Wales", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "two", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "late 19th", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "a series of cylinders of progressively increasing diameter. These cylinders are designed to divide the work into equal shares for each expansion stage.", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms or cams profiled", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "rubbing surfaces", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "in", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the steam escapes, warning the operators, who may then manually suppress the fire.", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "little", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "aeolipile", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "the early 20th century", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "expansions", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "19th century", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "90%", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "nuclear reactor", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "a closed space (called variously combustion chamber", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "model or toy steam engines, the heat source can be an electric heating element", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "the pressure in the cylinder throughout the cycle, which can be used to spot various problems and calculate developed horsepower.", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "LP cranks", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "one rotation of the crank and two piston strokes; the cycle also comprises four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "four", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "superior part-load performance", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "simple expansion", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "simplicity", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "Rankine cycle", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "a separate source of water", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Low boiling hydrocarbons", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "the working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "low turbine entry temperature", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles.", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "an increase in the land available for cultivation", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e31400955580": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "1804", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "less heat", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "a larger cylinder volume", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "far less maintenance", "571154c72419e31400955589": "reciprocating Diesel engines, and gas turbines, have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications.", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "more efficient (and requiring far less maintenance) than reciprocating steam engines.", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "Turbinia", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "a condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "about 90%", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world, including virtually all solar, biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Macquorn", "571156152419e3140095559b": "duty", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559c": "duty", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century,", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "Reciprocating piston type", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "low cost", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1800", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802.", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam per kWh", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "CHP", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "dry type", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "about 3600 cubic metres", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton saw one at a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building.", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "constant speed, such as cotton spinning", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "James Watt", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "the expansion period", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "the totality", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine was the first commercial true steam engine using a piston, and was used in 1712 for pumping in a mine.", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "169", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft, alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "50", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "The weight of boilers and condensers", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "Advanced Steam movement", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d9": "tight", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "half as much coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a weight or spring", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "an adjustable spring-loaded valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal illegally is broken", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "greater steam pressure and more power from the engine", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555e9": "the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "lower heat addition temperature. Gas turbines, for instance, have turbine entry temperatures approaching 1500 \u00b0C.", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "an injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "pumps", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British invention steam turbine", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "the dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "heating water", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator. Nuclear-powered ships and submarines", "571166352419e314009555f4": "the steam drives a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors.", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure)", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isobaric (constant pressure)", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "a pump is used to pressurize the working fluid which is received from the condenser as a liquid not as a gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8. It is a member of the chalcogen group", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "hydrogen and helium", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "silicon dioxide", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen gas", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "silicon dioxide", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "8", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "monitoring of atmospheric oxygen levels show a global downward trend, because of fossil-fuel burning.", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen group", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that are constituents of animal shells, teeth, and bone", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms.", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "\"An Account of Further Discoveries in Air\"", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO)", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO)", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "priority", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "dephlogisticated air\"", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "2nd century BCE", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration.", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion.", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "an ignition event", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion.", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion.", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "compounds", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "Concentrated O\n2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Concentrated O\n2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "Concentrated O\n2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "Apollo 1 crew", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust, is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide (CO\n2)", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "calcium carbonate (in limestone).", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide (CO\n2)", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "silicon", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "much larger mass", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "silicon", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "all elements were monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "1805", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "phlogiston; whereas non-combustible substances that corrode, such as iron, contained very little. Air", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "phlogiston", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "sequential, low-to-high energy, or Aufbau, filling of orbitals,", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "a bond order of two", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "Uppsala, in 1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "two", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "Because of its unpaired electrons", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "its unpaired electrons, triplet oxygen reacts only slowly with most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "part", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "part of the trapped air had been consumed. He also noted that the tin had increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "part of the trapped air had been consumed. He also noted that the tin had increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "part of the trapped air had been consumed. He also noted that the tin had increased in weight", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet (UV) radiation", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen, O\n2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence)", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "dioxygen, O\n2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence).", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "complex forms of life, such as animals, in cellular respiration", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "more soluble in water than nitrogen is.", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "air", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "49.2%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "About 0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "49.2%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "late 19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "late 19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Swiss chemist and physicist Raoul Pierre Pictet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "a", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "liquid sulfur dioxide in order to liquefy carbon dioxide, which in turn was evaporated to cool oxygen gas enough to liquefy it.", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes in samples from the Earth, the Moon, Mars,", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth.", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O\n2", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "water", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "molecular O\n2 in which all the electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen per se.", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "tissues", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples that are up to several hundreds of thousands of years old.", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "oxygen isotope ratio cycle)", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "more oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells than they would in a warmer climate", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "snow and rain", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "vegetation canopies", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "the spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "Liquid", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "the spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring O\n2 molecules.", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2), are dangerous by-products", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event, about a billion years after the first appearance of these organisms.", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "Both liquid and solid O\n2", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquid nitrogen as a coolant. It is a highly reactive", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "It is a highly reactive substance", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "in solution in the world's water bodies.", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower temperatures", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "Free oxygen gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic eon (between 3.0 and 2.3 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "unusually high concentration of oxygen gas", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle.", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves,", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90% to 93%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic technologies (see also the related vacuum swing adsorption", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "zirconium dioxide by either high pressure or an electric current, to produce nearly pure O\n2 gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "DC electricity must be used: if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen in the explosive ratio 2:1.", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "higher than normal O\n2 exposure for a fee.", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "enriched O\n2 mixtures only if they are breathed during aerobic exercise", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "a placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "enriched O\n2 mixtures", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "gas gangrene", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "Increased O\n2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "O\n2 from the air", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous oxygen", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1 \u2212 xO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "thin film of oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "case of cabin depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "the exothermic reaction.", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "chemical oxygen generators above each seat, causing oxygen masks to drop.", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "A steady stream", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "the compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "large volumes of pure oxygen gas. Liquid oxygen is passed through heat exchangers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "\"R\" is an organic group", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "\"R\" is an organic group", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "Acetone ((CH\n3)\n2CO) and phenol (C\n6H\n5OH) are used as feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "g", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "The element is found in almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones as calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Acute oxygen toxicity", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O\n2 partial pressure", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "about 30 kPa", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "30 kPa", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "low total pressures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "the astronaut's arterial blood is only marginally more than normal sea-level O\n2 partial pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "2.5 times the normal sea-level O\n2 partial pressure of about 21 kPa", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350% O\n2 by volume", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "By the end of the embargo", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979 oil crisis, termed the \"second oil shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "first oil shock\", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the \"second oil shock.", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "NATO", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants. They arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. By January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "dollars", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "dollars", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "gold", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "the price had also remained fairly stable versus other currencies and commodities", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Weeks", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "70%", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "five percent", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "Libya", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "arms purchases that exacerbated political tensions, particularly in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Taliban", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "the Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "aid", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "as Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "excessive inflation", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary impacts. The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "almost uninterrupted supplies", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "the Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "1970, calling for Israel to withdraw to its pre-1967", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "relatively unaffected by the embargo", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "Heath", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter of 1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "The UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "89 km/h) speed limit", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "88 km/h)", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "89 km/h) speed limit", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "Bill Clinton", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "politically expedient", "57265200708984140094c237": "late 1973", "57265200708984140094c238": "Edward Heath", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "10", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "1973", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR", "57265526708984140094c2be": "increased military competition between them over increased oil revenues", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "1979", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "military competition between them over increased oil revenues", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "oil revenues", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "reduced the demand", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "four cylinder engines", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "four", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "unibody construction and front-wheel drive", "572659535951b619008f703f": "Datsun", "572659535951b619008f7040": "small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun", "572659535951b619008f7041": "small size", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Infiniti", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "General", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four passengers by the late 1970s", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "The", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "lower price", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1977", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1977", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "1974 Mustang I were a prelude to the DOT \"downsize", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1980s", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "market share", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F.", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F.", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "two-man Project Gemini", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "1961 to 1972", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Saturn family rockets", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Soyuz Test Project, a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "1967", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "1967", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "Five", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, which disabled the command spacecraft's propulsion and life support.", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "low Earth orbit.", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "842", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "incidental to rocketry and manned spaceflight, including avionics, telecommunications, and computers", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "one", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "Project Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "Mercury", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "1960", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Maxime Faget", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Hugh L. Dryden", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "little", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "James E. Webb", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "President Eisenhower", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "Yuri Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "Yuri Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "many", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "circumspect in his response to the news, refusing to make a commitment on America's response to the Soviets", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "status of America's space program", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Robert R. Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "Robert R. Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "MSC", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "Rice University", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Florida", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "mammoth rocket required for the manned lunar mission, so land acquisition was started in July 1961", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "Kurt H. Debus", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "Kennedy", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "A and B, were completed in October 1965", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "Apollo", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "Apollo spacecraft", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "the space vehicle (launch vehicle and spacecraft) would be assembled on a Mobile Launcher Platform", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "Dr. George E. Mueller", "5725c123271a42140099d132": "Robert Seamans", "5725c123271a42140099d133": "Robert Seamans", "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Manned Spacecraft Center (Gilruth) Marshall Space Flight Center (von Braun) and the Launch Operations Center", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "Apollo Program Director", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "General Samuel C. Phillips, who gained a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "General Samuel C. Phillips, who gained a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "Director", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "Bernard A. Schriever", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "a rendezvous \u2014let alone a docking\u2014 neither", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "1961", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "Robert Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Nicholas E. Golovin", "5725c604271a42140099d186": "July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d187": "Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Joseph Shea", "5725c604271a42140099d189": "Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "Golovin", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "had left NASA", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "No, that's no good\"", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "Lunar Excursion Module", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "Grumman", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "the lander spacecraft to be used as a \"lifeboat\"", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "lifeboat", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "The Lunar Module provided propulsion, electrical power and life support", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "no single reasonable CSM failure could be identified that would prohibit use of the SPS.\"", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "cone", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Lunar Excursion Module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "two", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "Command Module (CM) was the conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "Command Module (CM) was the conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "an ablative heat shield", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Parachute", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "approximately 12,250 pounds", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "A cylindrical Service Module (SM) supported the Command Module, with a service propulsion engine and an RCS", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "S-band", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "12.83 feet (3.91 m) in diameter.", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "51,300 pounds (23,300 kg) fully fueled", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "an orbital scientific instrument package", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "twice", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "1964", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "V", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "two astronauts on the Moon and take them back to orbit to rendezvous with the Command Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "Lunar", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "around 34 hours", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Wernher von Braun", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "June 11, 1962", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "dummy upper stages filled with water", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "1964 and 1965", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "1964 and 1965", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "micrometeorite impacts", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "7,120 kN)", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "7,120 kN), and the second stage", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "low Earth orbit", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "three-stage Saturn V", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and stood 363 feet (110.6 m) tall", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "liquid hydrogen", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "liquid hydrogen", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Gemini veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "two", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "Dr", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "32", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "32", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "Walter M. Schirra, Donn Eisele, and Walter Cunningham, were awarded the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Apollo 8", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "1966 with the Saturn IB. The first, AS-201", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "Atlantic", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield.", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "LM", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "207/208", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "greater visibility", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "water-cooled", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Commander (CDR) Command Module Pilot (CMP) and Lunar Module Pilot", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Grissom", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "Walter Cunningham", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "December 1966", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "Apollo 1 backup crew", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "Samuel Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "George Mueller", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "Grumman was also encountering problems with the Lunar Module, eliminating hopes it would be ready for manned flight in 1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "George Mueller", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "North American, and in the altitude chamber", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "January, which would simulate a launch countdown", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "the high pressure, 100% oxygen atmosphere", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "Harrison Storms", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "George Low", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch, and removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "flammable cabin and space suit", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "plug-type hatch cover", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "hatch cover", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "modified, fire-resistant", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "September 1967", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "Each step had to be successfully accomplished before the next ones could be performed, and it was unknown how many", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "AS-501", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "AS-501", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "1968", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "the Saturn V ready to fly men", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "5", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Grumman", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "AS-204", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "fire-in-the-hole", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D mission to the next mission in March 1969", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "all-Gemini veteran", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "black-and-white", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "G mission was achieved on Apollo 11 in July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "July 24", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "rookie", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "Surveyor 3", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "Ocean of Storms", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "accidentally pointed into the Sun", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "Lunar Roving Vehicle", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "the Block II spacesuit", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "eight", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "three days", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "the mass", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "1970", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "two rookies", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "1971", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "1969", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "1971", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1971", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "extremely old", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques. They range in age from about 3.2 billion years", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "KREEP", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "Genesis Rock", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "thick", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "impact process effects", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "high pressure shock waves that are generated during impact events. Some of the returned samples are of impact melt (materials melted near an impact crater", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "$170 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "15", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "$20.4 billion", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "Apollo Extension Series", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "Apollo Applications Program", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "Venus", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "1973", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "1973", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "1979", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "1973", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "2009, NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "Apollo 11", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "All", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "Apollo 8", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "Christmas Eve, 1968", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "one-quarter", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "1968", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "National Archives and Records Administration", "5725f239271a42140099d360": "National Archives and Records Administration", "5725f239271a42140099d361": "Stan Lebar", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": "Nafzger and assigned to Lowry Digital", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "random noise and camera shake", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "kinescope", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Lowry Digital", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "Lowry Digital", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "the European Parliament", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "the European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "European Union law", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission has the initiative to propose legislation.", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "laws which \"constitute\" its basic governance structure.", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "Madeira", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "the Faroe Islands", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity, which is subject to international law. Individuals may", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "soon as they enter into force", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "soon as they enter into force", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway in 1972", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1960s and 1970s", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "2013", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "enacted. Its substance", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "enacted. Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty, but it was formally an amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "significantly", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "2004", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the Council", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Government\"", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "promote the general interest of the Union\"", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President (currently an ex-Luxembourg Prime Minister, Jean-Claude Juncker)", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Government\"", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "the unelected", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "few", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "six-person board appointed by the European Council", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "Maltese Commissioner for Health", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "representative democracy", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "five years", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "one million signatures", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "consultation rights", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "750", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "1979", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "the conservative European People's Party", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "the Council", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "352", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "74 per cent, or 260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months and its President (currently former Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "consensus", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "Ps", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "by unanimity to block Commission amendment.", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice believes it has the final say", "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "Ps", "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "\"Conciliation Committee", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "a Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors", "572658435951b619008f7027": "Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors", "572658435951b619008f7028": "a Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors", "572658435951b619008f7029": "\"", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "a Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "\"", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "Treaty of Rome", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "1962", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "Treaty of Rome", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "Treaty of Rome", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "Milanese lawyer, and former shareholder of an energy company, named Mr Costa refused to pay his electricity bill", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "conflicted with national law", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "democracy", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "1972", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law.", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "Directives, citizens or corporations were said in 1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law concerns the European Union", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "article 30", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "TFEU article 288", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "a postal company", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "standing", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "28", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "Working Time Directive", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "1990s", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "general principle\" of EU law, it can be invoked between private non-state parties", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "the defendant is an emanation of the state", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years, from age 18 to 28", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "privatised", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60 and men at 65", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law \"as far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive\"", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "6 million Lira", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "legal certainty and good faith", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "the same legal value as the Treaties.", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "7 December 2000", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "1992", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "1994 Works Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "the abuse of dominant position", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "106 and 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "mergers between firms", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "the Court of Justice", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Commission v France French farmer vigilantes were continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v France French farmer vigilantes were continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries, and even Belgian tomato", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "vigilantes were continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "Cassis de Dijon", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "skin care products", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "rights to seek work, vote in local and European elections, but more restricted rights to claim social security", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "1970s", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship\"", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Mr Steymann", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "Mr Steymann was entitled to stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo\"", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "\"social advantages", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "USL Dunkerque", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "equal treatment regarding \"social advantages\"", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "closely linked to the socio-economic situation\" of the Netherlands", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "3 and 14 hours a week", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "a \"fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "\"structural, staffing and financial problems\" if (mainly German) foreign students", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", "5726c002708984140094d073": "\"workers\" who generally lack bargaining power in the market, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "non-discriminatory", "5726c002708984140094d075": "freedom of establishment", "5726c002708984140094d076": "\"vertical\" and \"horizontal\" direct effect", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "Franco Frattini, the Justice, Freedom and Security Commissioner, proposed with Dimas to create criminal sentences for \"ecological crimes", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "draft intellectual property rights directive", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "German health clinic", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "Germany", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "low corporate taxes", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31 of capital", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31 of capital", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "Daily Mail newspaper's parent company", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "the Amazon Jungle", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine nations", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "ud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "forest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "South America", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "Selva Amaz\u00f3nica, Amazon\u00eda or usually Amazonia; French: For\u00eat amazonienne", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "Selva Amaz\u00f3nica, Amazon\u00eda or usually Amazonia; French: For\u00eat amazonienne", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "South America", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "ne", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "tropical rainforest", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "the Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "the Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "the last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "a broad diversity of species", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "the Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "Middle Miocene", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "the Purus Arch", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "the mid-Eocene", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "Purus Arch", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "the Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin.", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "reasonably well supported by the available data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "lower", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical vegetation cover", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin.", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "Atlantic Ocean", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600 miles", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "43 million tons of dust are windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "poor soil.", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "hunting", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "the Amazon rainforest", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "poor soil.", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Archeologist", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "hunting", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "AD 0\u20131250, furthering claims about Pre-Columbian civilizations. Ondemar Dias", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "smallpox", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida. Among those were evidence of roads, bridges and large plazas.", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "roads", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "Michael Heckenberger", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "2,200", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "2,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "16,000", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "Various species", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas.", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "the early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn method", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "the loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "outer space", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "the United States", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "2000 to 2005 (22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10%", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "reduced rainfall", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "the Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "Peruvian", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "commercial interests", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth, members of the Trio", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth, members of the Trio Tribe", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "conservation of the Amazon", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "different parts of the forest", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006 Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM)", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "it would irreversibly start to die", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "2006", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "vegetation died", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "southwestern", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "comb jellies", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "\u2018combs", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "\u2018combs", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia which they use for swimming \u2013 they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia which they use for swimming \u2013 they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "the \u2018combs", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "\u2018combs", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia which they use for swimming \u2013 they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "\u2018combs", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ten times their own weight", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "Only 100\u2013150", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "25", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "Only 100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "using huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia that act as teeth.", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla (\"little tentacles\") that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "small crustaceans", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "ites", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "small populations", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "Beroe", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "Mnemiopsis population", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "preys on other ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Beroe", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Black Sea", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "Mnemiopsis,", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Beroe", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "Beroe", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "over-fishing", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "no tentacles", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerst\u00e4tten", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "no tentacles", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "no tentacles", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerst\u00e4tten", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "about as complex as cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "carpet-like basement membranes", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "jelly-like material", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic, along with sponges", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia (\"hairs\")", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "\"ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "\"comb-bearing\"", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis.", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "an epithelium, the gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx (\"throat\")", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "Unlike conventional cilia and flagella, which has a filament structure arranged in a 9 + 2", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "in the direction in which the mouth is pointing, unlike jellyfish", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "ctenophores control their buoyancy,", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "the ciliary rosettes in the body cavity", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "the ciliary rosettes", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "water out of the mesoglea to reduce its volume", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "end", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "little tentacles", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "little tentacles", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "little tentacles", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "Members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger by clapping", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger by clapping their lobes, so that the jet of expelled water", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "eight", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "Lobates have eight", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida, also known as Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "\"lips\"", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "forming intercellular connections with the opposite adhesive strip. This tight closure", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "Nuda", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals\"", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "belt animals\"", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular \"foot", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572683075951b619008f7513": "pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "platyctenids use internal fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "the parts of the internal canal network", "572683075951b619008f7517": "platyctenids", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles", "572684365951b619008f7540": "the plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "the body forms", "572684365951b619008f7542": "bottom-dwelling", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size", "5726887e708984140094c917": "no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "10 times their own weight", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "10 times their own weight", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals.", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "large quantities of ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "eating", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "Beroe ovata", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s the Western Atlantic", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "1991 to 1993", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "Three", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "De-Gan Shu, Simon Conway Morris et al. found on its branches what they considered rows of cilia", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "ctenophores", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "preceding Ediacaran period", "57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera (sponges", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "northwest", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "FREZ-noh), the county seat of Fresno County, is a city in the U.S. state of California", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "Many Millerton", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Fresno", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno,", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "The Fresno Fairgrounds", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "Fresno", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both). In 1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "guitar", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "historic Kearney Mansion", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park is the largest of the Fresno region's park system and is home to historic Kearney Mansion", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "Chestnut", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Chestnut", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "National List of Historic Places. The theater was built in 1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "School", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "2nd Space Theatre", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "classic films", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "2nd Space Theatre", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Fresno", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "restaurants, live theater and nightclub", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores, currently operating on or near Olive Avenue", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Olive Avenue, and all within a few hundred feet of each other. Since renewal, the Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "hipster", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "LGBT and hipster", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "early twentieth century homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "historic Alta Vista Tract", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "41 freeway", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American community", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Southwest Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "99 freeway", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "violent crime", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Kearney Palm Shopping Center", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "little retail activity", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300 acres (1.2 km2)", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500 people", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22 miles (35 km) between Highway 99 and Friant Dam", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "1946", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "considerable sunshine", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "the northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "July", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905,", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "5", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km\u00b2)", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "62,528", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "11,698", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "12,843", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "97,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,097.9", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "Federal Communications Commission", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Eisenhower Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "the 1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "99", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "9", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads cross in Fresno, and both railroads maintain railyards", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "the San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "packet switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "fee per unit of connection time", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "a fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "fee per unit of connection time", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "intermediate network nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "10BASE5", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "intermediate network nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "10BASE5", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets, and delivery of these messages by store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "distributed, survivable communications network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "National Physical Laboratory", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "nationwide network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "the ARPANET", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Lawrence Roberts", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "the original message/data", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "small", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "the connection id in a table", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication.", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "a handshake", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol (IP) at the network layer", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "to interconnect LANs across wide area networks", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "1973", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "The X.25 protocol suite", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "a plug-n-play system", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "local area networks", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "a plug-n-play", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin. First demonstrated in 1973", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin. First demonstrated in 1973", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin. First demonstrated in 1973", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "1965", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "a time-sharing system", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "1965", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "connections", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "the mid-1980s", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "X.25/X.75", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "Deutsche Bundespost", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia in the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia in the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia in the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the public switched data network", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines (using the X.121 DNIC 2041", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "Telepad", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "Telepad", "5726462b708984140094c117": "Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", "5726462b708984140094c118": "1981", "5726462b708984140094c119": "1981. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "Abilene and now refers to its new, higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network.", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene, in 1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "the Internet2 Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "National Science Foundation Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "National Science Foundation Network", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "links", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "1998", "572648d1708984140094c161": "one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", "57264684708984140094c123": "the arid plains of Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c124": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "19th century.", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "plague disease", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "Nestorian graves dating to 1338\u201339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "war, famine, and weather contributed to the severity of the Black Death", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "northwestern Russia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "1348\u201349, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "the black death", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "19th-century plague was begun by teams of scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "fleas whose midguts had become obstructed by replicating Y. pestis several days after feeding on an infected host.", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "Yersinia pestis", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Justinian plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "purple skin patches", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "90 to 95 percent", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "Yersinia pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "Y. pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "the causative agent of the epidemic plague", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "2010, the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "orientalis", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "medieval Europe", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "2011", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "zoo", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Graham", "5726516a708984140094c223": "an epidemiological account of the plague", "5726516a708984140094c224": "an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics", "5726516a708984140094c225": "100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "the clergy", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": "14th and 17th centuries", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "rats", "57265285708984140094c25e": "the Black Death", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "2001", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "hemorrhagic plague similar to Ebola", "5726534d708984140094c270": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "about a third", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "about a third.", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "The disease bypassed some areas, and the most isolated areas were less vulnerable to contagion", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "1346 and 1671", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "2 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479\u201380", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "1679", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "Oslo in 1654", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "half of Naples' 300,000", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "Helsinki", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "1709", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720 in Marseille", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "the second quarter of the 19th century.", "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt (magma and/or lava", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "a new magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "a characteristic fabric", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", "57265d08708984140094c399": "the asthenosphere.", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart. Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "San Andreas fault system", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "the convecting mantle", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "a crust and lithosphere on top, the mantle below (separated within itself by seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "a crust and lithosphere on top, the mantle below (separated within itself by seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "the most recent era", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "the most recent era", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary period", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "younger", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "Finding the key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "younger", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks.", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "a relative age", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "fossils", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "sections", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "absolute ages to rock units", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "sections of rock relative to one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "the crystal lattice", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "radioactive elements", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker. Because rock units, other than muds", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "muds", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "\"synforms\"", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "\"synforms\"", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "longer and thinner", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "Volcanic ashes and lavas accumulate on the surface, and igneous intrusions enter from below. Dikes, long, planar igneous intrusions", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "The addition of new rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformation", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "lower rock units were metamorphosed and deformed, and then deformation ended and the upper, undeformed units were deposited.", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", "572677e7708984140094c723": "study of rocks", "572677e7708984140094c724": "sedimentary layers", "572677e7708984140094c725": "study", "572677e7708984140094c726": "soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "the geochemical evolution of rock units", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "laboratory", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks which gives information about strain", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "realistic-looking patterns of faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "realistic-looking patterns of faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt", "57268066708984140094c821": "laboratory, stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface", "57268066708984140094c823": "Geophysical data and well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "deposition of silt", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "deposition of silt", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "1809", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "slow geological processes have occurred throughout the Earth's history and are still occurring today. In contrast, catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "103 miles (166 km) south", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "8.5 mi (13.7 km)", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "Eurocities network of European cities", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "1974", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "wool trade", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "coal", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "16th century", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "Great North Run", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "West Road", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish tribes", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Elizabeth", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25-foot (7.6 m) high", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "William the Lion", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "three", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "the Hostmen", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "a pointless pursuit", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "an eccentric", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "taking coals to Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit.", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "close-knit community of keelmen and their families", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families.", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7,000", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "47", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "47", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "the King", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "the Scots", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "'with roaring drummes", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "\"Triumphing by a brave defence", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "The Victorian industrial revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "Maling company", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "electric lighting", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "central to the city's prosperity", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "the steam turbine", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "medieval", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "Narrow alleys or 'chares', most of which can only be traversed by foot, still exist in abundance, particularly around the riverside.", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Stairs", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "28", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "28\u201330 Close", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored.", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "Stuart Maconie", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Stuart Maconie", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "side", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "Town Moor", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "the Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "Hoppings", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "Hoppings", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "King Harald V of Norway", "57267076708984140094c601": "developments", "57267076708984140094c602": "Millennium Bridge", "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman Foster", "57267076708984140094c604": "NewcastleGateshead", "57267076708984140094c605": "ten", "572671165951b619008f72b7": "the Grainger Town area", "572671165951b619008f72b8": "1835", "572671165951b619008f72b9": "four stories high", "572671165951b619008f72ba": "244", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "1835", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "2000", "572671e55951b619008f72da": "painting", "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "oceanic", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic Drift", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "rain shadow", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "1990", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "milder winters and cooler summers, similar to the remainder of the British Isles", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "2010", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "Bainbridge's, opened in 1838", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "department, giving birth to the name department store", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "March 2007", "5726769c708984140094c711": "Grainger Street", "5726769c708984140094c712": "Gosforth and Byker", "5726769c708984140094c713": "Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c714": "MetroCentre", "5726769c708984140094c715": "Gateshead", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "high density without building high and getting rid of common areas", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments to 25.6%", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "5.9%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "5.9%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells.", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "Tunbridge Wells", "572679c35951b619008f73db": "282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "189,863", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73de": "189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73df": "student populations", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "37.8", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "37.8", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Border Reiver", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "500 and 2,000", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "2,000", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "migrated to and conquered much of England after the end of Roman Imperial rule", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "many elements of the old language.", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom.", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "stream\") and \"gan\" (\"go\")", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "go away\" or \"you're kidding\"), all appear to be used in Scots", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "\"aye\" (\"yes\") and \"nowt", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "Scandinavia", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "80.4 decibels", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "Collingwood Street", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "Collingwood Street", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12-screen Empire multiplex cinema", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "Times Square area near the Centre for Life and has a range of bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": "Stephen Kemble", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "many celebrated seasons", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "many theatres", "5726800add62a815002e8751": "Theatre Royal on Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8752": "a season of performances from the Royal Shakespeare Company", "5726800add62a815002e8753": "local talent", "5726800add62a815002e8754": "arts capital of the UK", "572680865951b619008f74e7": "The Literary and Philosophical Society", "572680865951b619008f74e8": "8000", "572680865951b619008f74e9": "John and Benjamin Green", "572680865951b619008f74ea": "Joseph Swan on 20 October 1880", "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "music festival held on the Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides over the Spring bank holiday", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "Newcastle Beer Festival, organized by CAMRA, takes place in April.", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "EAT! NewcastleGateshead", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "EAT! NewcastleGateshead, a festival of food and drink, runs for 2 weeks each year in mid June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "Hoppings", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "Hoppings", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "Temperance Movement", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "cycling festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "Northern Pride Festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "bank holiday weekend", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "Design Event festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "East Asian", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "Tyneside connection.", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran was born here in 1961", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "2006", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Old Town Hall", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "three", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "last surviving news cinema", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008; during the refurbishment works, the cinema relocated to the Old Town Hall, Gateshead.", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "Centre", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children'", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "shipbuilding heritage", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "Get Carter", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "noir", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "1939", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "the Newcastle Eagles", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle Diamonds", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Blaydon Race", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "6 miles (9.7 km) from the city centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "Metro Light Rail system", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "Ponteland", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "five million", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "90", "572689385951b619008f761b": "Victorian architecture", "572689385951b619008f761c": "six", "572689385951b619008f761d": "1850 by Queen Victoria", "572689385951b619008f761e": "Robert Stephenson", "572689385951b619008f761f": "Manors", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "Virgin Trains East Coast provides a half-hourly frequency of trains to London King's Cross, with a journey time of about three hours", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "three", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "CrossCountry", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Northern Rail", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "five", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level tunnels constructed through Newcastle city centre", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "A bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37 million", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "Metro: All Change", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "the busiest stations - part of the transition to smart ticketing", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "North Shields", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "procurement of an entirely new fleet of trains", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "trams as opposed to the current light rail trains", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "north", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "A69", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "the old \"Great North Road\"", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "the capacity of the Tyne Tunnel", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "3", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "Haymarket", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Go-Ahead", "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", "57269120708984140094ca5a": "highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion", "57269120708984140094ca5b": "healthy living", "57269120708984140094ca5c": "one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": "national networks", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "Gothenburg, Sweden", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson cruise lines", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "seven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "seven independent schools with sixth forms", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "the Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "St.", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "The city has two", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "1834", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Sunday Times University of the Year award", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "polytechnics became new universities", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "Computing", "572699b55951b619008f778f": "three", "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1474", "572699b55951b619008f7791": "Newcastle has three", "572699b55951b619008f7792": "St Thomas the Martyr", "572699b55951b619008f7793": "parish churches", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "St Andrew", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "main porch", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "12th Century and the last addition to it, apart from the vestries, was the main porch in 1726.", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "the Scots", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "City Road for over 40 years after its launch in January 1959", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "a new facility on The Watermark business park next to the MetroCentre in Gateshead", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "The entrance to studio 5", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "Barrack Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "BBC Radio Newcastle", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "students from both of the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "1951", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Radio Lollipop station based at the Great North Children's Hospital in the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary", "57269d745951b619008f77db": "building", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1709 and died there in 1770", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Charles Avison, the leading British composer of concertos in the 18th century, was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1709 and died there in 1770", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Lord Armstrong, engineer and father of the modern steam railways George Stephenson", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "the incandescent light bulb", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Rutherford Grammar School", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "footballers", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize winning physicist", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "keyed Northumbrian smallpipes, the most characteristic musical instrument in the region, lived and worked in the city.", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "John Dunn", "5726710b708984140094c61d": "1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The V&A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "4.5 million", "5726710b708984140094c61f": "1852", "5726710b708984140094c620": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c83d": "the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", "572680ac708984140094c83e": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c83f": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c840": "Department for Culture, Media and Sport", "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001", "57268294708984140094c877": "12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145", "57268294708984140094c878": "12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145", "57268294708984140094c879": "5", "57268294708984140094c87a": "Europe", "57268294708984140094c87b": "post-classical sculpture", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Henry Cole", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "Museum of Manufactures", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": "Somerset House", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "Gottfried Semper", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "September and November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "nearly a million", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "between September and November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "Festival of Britain", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "young people", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "young people", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong", "572691d7708984140094ca70": "1973", "57269656708984140094cafd": "\u00a343 million", "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376 million", "57269656708984140094caff": "\u00a343 million", "57269656708984140094cb00": "on the city's waterfront", "57269656708984140094cb01": "\u00a343 million", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "Childhood", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "the Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "house the eponymous collections", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "Brompton Park House", "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Owen Jones", "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Italian Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba3": "Godfrey Sykes", "57269c06708984140094cba4": "Humphry Davy (chemistry); Isaac Newton", "57269c06708984140094cba5": "Godfrey Sykes", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "1866", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "Edward Burne-Jones", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "1865", "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "1876\u201381", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "Cadeby stone", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "the prints and architectural drawings of the V&A (prints, drawings, paintings and photographs) and Royal Institute of British Architects", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "arts education", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "sgraffito", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "sgraffito", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "1870", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "south side of the garden, built 1877", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Godfrey Sykes", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "720 feet (220 m", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "1899 and 1909", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "720 feet (220 m", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "an open work crown surmounted by a statue of fame", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "an open work crown surmounted by a statue of fame", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Webb include the Entrance Hall and Rotunda", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "marble", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Prince Albert appears within the main arch above the twin entrances, Queen Victoria", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "Henry Cole wing", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "Royal College of Science", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne of the Royal College of Art", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "Spiral, between 1978 and 1982", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "main silverware gallery", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "Central Hall Shop", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South Kensington", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "Architects", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "John Madejski Garden", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "elliptical", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "receptions, gatherings or exhibition", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American Sweetgum tree", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "RIBA Drawings and Archives", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "Architects", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "Andrea Palladio", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "330", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "Andrea Palladio", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "two top stories of the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "Montal", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "Alhambra", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "19,000", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "2006, houses a representative display of 400 objects with the highlight being the Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "400", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "60,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "10,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "6000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "70,000", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "Korea", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "T. T. Tsui", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "T. T. Tsui", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "70,000", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "Ando Cloisonn\u00e9", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "13th-century", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "bronze incense burner", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "14th to the 19th century", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "6th to 19th centuries. Refined Hindu and Buddhist sculptures", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "green-glazed ceramics, silk embroideries from officials' robes and gleaming boxes inlaid with mother-of-pearl", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "betel-nut cutters, ivory combs and bronze palanquin hooks", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "1490 and 1505", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III, quite small in size, dated between 1490 and 1505", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "John Forster", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "John Forster", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "Alexander Dyce", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "William Morris", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "12th to 16th centuries", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "the trial and rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, Rouen", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "Lucas Horenbout", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "Encoded Archival Description (EAD)", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Search the Collections,\"", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "2007", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "Andy Warhol", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Andy Warhol", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15,000", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "audit", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Asia", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "imports", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "entertainment and leisure", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "galleries", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "growth of mass production", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "John Ruskin", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "sculpture wing", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "cut in half", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "sculpture wing, comprising two large, skylighted rooms two storeys high housing hundreds of plaster casts of sculptures, friezes and tombs", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "sculpture wing", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "1909", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach as well as Mintons & Royal Doulton", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "Britain and Holland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "Iznik pottery from Turkey", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "Iznik pottery from Turkey", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "Iznik pottery from Turkey", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "4000", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "6000", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "2004", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "Dale Chihuly", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "13th", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "10,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "2,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "10,000 British and 2,000 old master works, including works by: D\u00fcrer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "1,442", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "Word and Image department", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "14,000", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1,442", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "1,442", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "modern fashion", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "Italian and French Renaissance", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1859 and 1865", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "Soulages", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "\u00a3250,000", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "Hans Vredeman de Vries", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "c1750 from Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "Ernest Gimson", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "6000", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "Ancient Egypt", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "154", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger", "5726ee28708984140094d656": "British silver pre-1800", "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1496", "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8", "5726ee28708984140094d659": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "5726ee28708984140094d655": "10,000", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick, dated to c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "c1180", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "5,100", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "35", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "35", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "25 February 2010", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "1130 British and 650", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "6800", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "national collection. Also on loan to the museum, from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "c. 1400", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "Isabel", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "Isabel", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "Isabel", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "The Hay Wain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "Isabel", "5726f755708984140094d737": "continental art 1600\u20131800", "5726f755708984140094d738": "Madame de Pompadour", "5726f755708984140094d739": "Carlo Crivelli's Virgin and Child", "5726f755708984140094d73a": "Fran\u00e7ois, Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "Eadweard Muybridge", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781", "5726f90b708984140094d760": "Eadweard Muybridge", "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "post-classical European sculpture", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "22,000", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "22,000", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "22,000", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "Canova's The Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns with National Galleries of Scotland", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Three Graces", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "the Chancel Chapel", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "the Chancel Chapel", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "Chancel Chapel", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "20", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "more than 20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "World War I", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "1914", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Gill", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "ze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "theme, tomb sculpture, portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "Tate Britain", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "western European", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "western European", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "western European though all populated continents", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "a fragment of the Cloth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries, very rare 15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands, depicting the hunting of various animals", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "various animals", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "John Vanderbank", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "late 14th-century", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "Marion Dorn", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Serge Chermayeff", "57270817708984140094d8c7": "the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8c8": "March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8c9": "the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8ca": "Shakespeare's day", "57270817708984140094d8cb": "research, exhibitions and other shows", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "controlling the museum environment (for example, temperature and light) and preventing pests (primarily insects) from damaging artefacts", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "interventive", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "usually undertaken on items that are to go on public display", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "1957", "57267b755951b619008f7435": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7436": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures.", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "1948", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "1948", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "80% interest in cable sports channel ESPN", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "Capital Cities Communications", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "Citadel Broadcasting", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "eight", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "most ABC programs are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "Citadel Broadcasting", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "Radio Corporation of America (RCA)", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "NBC Blue", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "the major cities", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "NBC Blue and NBC Red. The NBC Blue Network was created in 1927", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "1927", "572681ab708984140094c85d": "Federal Communications Commission", "572681ab708984140094c85e": "1938", "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1940", "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red Network", "572681ab708984140094c861": "NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "$7.5 million", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "David Sarnoff", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "$7.5 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Life Savers", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "the American Broadcasting System", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "June 30, 1951", "57268739708984140094c8ed": "ming", "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", "57268739708984140094c8ef": "Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy", "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Bing Crosby", "57268739708984140094c8f1": "public service", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "$155 million", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "ABC1", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "Disney Channel", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "Disney Channel", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "the United States", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "1970s", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "satellite television", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "Japan", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "Japan and Latin America, in the 1970s", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Beirut", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "Mainichi Broadcasting System", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "June 1953", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "Peanuts television specials", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "It's the Great Pumpkin", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "Academy", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving).", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "TLC", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "General Hospital", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "1975", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "General Hospital", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "soap opera General Hospital", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "X Games weekend events not broadcast by ESPN", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "Disson Skating", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "X Games weekend events not broadcast by ESPN", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments", "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx", "5726e860708984140094d57a": "low-band VHF frequencies (corresponding to channels 2 through 6", "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "two", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "the DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "CBS and NBC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "United Paramount Theatres", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "United Paramount Theatres", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "nine", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "Prudential Insurance Company of America", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "William S. Paley", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "June 6, 1951, the tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board of directors", "5726ed12708984140094d645": "1952", "5726ed12708984140094d646": "merger. One FCC Commissioner saw the possibility of ABC, funded by UPT, becoming a viable and competitive third television network. On February 9, 1953", "5726ed12708984140094d647": "American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. and headquartered in the Paramount Building at 1501 Broadway in Manhattan", "5726ed12708984140094d648": "1501 Broadway in Manhattan", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "New York City (later re-called WABC-TV", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "WJZ-TV in New York City (later re-called WABC-TV", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "Mount Wilson", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "Prospect Studios", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "the network's gradual transition to color. On September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "The 1960s", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "$7.5 million", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1985", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1985", "572734af708984140094dae3": "circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae4": "the Troika Design Group", "572734af708984140094dae5": "dot", "572734af708984140094dae6": "circle logo, also called \"the dot", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "2015", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "We Love TV", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\"", "572736625951b619008f86d1": "1993", "572736625951b619008f86d2": "1993\u201394 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds at the beginning of an act or segment", "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", "572736625951b619008f86d4": "a script font", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "three-dimensional", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "a bubble", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "a bubble on a black background", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "Paul Rand", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "Bauhaus", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1962", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "Disney", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "NBC's radio division, as well as the distribution rights to CBS's, and the Mutual Broadcasting System during the 1990s) as potential buyers.", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "NBC", "57273954708984140094db05": "fourth", "57273954708984140094db06": "Desperate Housewives, Lost and Grey's Anatomy as well as reality series Dancing with the Stars", "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Michael Eisner", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor", "57273a0d708984140094db10": "The Bachelorette", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "four", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "carriage", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "NBC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "TWC", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "WB", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "2000", "57273c195951b619008f8721": "1999", "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Buena Vista Television relaunching the show as a syndicated program (under that incarnation's original host Meredith Vieira", "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Meredith Vieira", "57273d19708984140094db3d": "Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion", "57273d19708984140094db3e": "ESPN", "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Young Broadcasting for $387 million", "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger", "57273d19708984140094db41": "Sports Night", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "three broadcast television networks", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "1964", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC\"", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "1953", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "7 West 66th Street", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "Baltimore", "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", "57273f9d708984140094db52": "DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db53": "October 1954", "57273f9d708984140094db54": "October 1954", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "The Lone Ranger", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "prime time comedy", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Sugarfoot", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "Warner Bros.", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Roy", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "$500,000", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "1954", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "Disneyland", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "progressive rock and DJ-helmed stations. The new concept called \"LOVE Radio", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "seven", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "September 1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "Duel", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "1971", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$400,000\u2013$450,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": "the early 1970s", "572743fb708984140094db94": "CBS and NBC", "572743fb708984140094db95": "behavioral and demographic", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "Monday Night Football", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "15%\u201316%", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "Worldvision Enterprises", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "1970", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "ABC, when it took effect on January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Henry Plitt", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": "Elton Rule", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1966", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "anthology series", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "youth-oriented programming", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Paramount Pictures", "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Pierce, the newly appointed president of ABC Television, convinced Fred Silverman", "572748745951b619008f87b3": "S.W.A.T", "572748745951b619008f87b4": "1972", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "president of NBC's entertainment division", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "Laverne & Shirley", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "1977) were two prime examples of a trend among the major networks during the 1970s known as \"jiggle TV", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "Aaron Spelling", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "comedy-drama anthology series produced by Aaron Spelling which was based around the crew of a cruise ship", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1976\u201377", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "Soap", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "1977", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "149 Columbus Avenue", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "Arledge", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Hugh Downs", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Barbara Walters", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA Inc. for $20 million", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "ABC Cable News, with plans to launch the network in 1995", "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ABC News Now", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT-TV", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "Writers Guild of America", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "Duel", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "Caris & Co.", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "Citadel Media", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "iTunes", "57274f07708984140094dbed": "Brothers & Sisters", "57274f07708984140094dbee": "2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Fridays", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Wednesdays", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1970", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Turner Broadcasting System", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television (formerly known as Buena Vista Television) handles domestic television distribution, while Disney\u2013ABC International Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista Television) handles domestic television distribution, while Disney\u2013ABC International Television (formerly known as Buena Vista International Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Selznick library", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "WABC-TV and WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "eight", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "235", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26% of all households in the United States (or 300,794,157", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1946", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "1953", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "A", "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", "57275573708984140094dc46": "Supernanny, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", "57275573708984140094dc47": "4:3 SD), when Extreme Makeover: Home Edition ended its run as a regular series and One Life to Live", "57275573708984140094dc48": "Litton's Weekend Aventure", "57275650708984140094dc5f": "720p high definition", "57275650708984140094dc60": "1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc61": "11", "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "Body of Proof", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "Happy Endings", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "NBC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "Body of Proof", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "All My Children", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "Prospect Park", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "Prospect Park, which eventually revived the soaps on Hulu", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "The Revolution", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "18\u201349", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "2004", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "CBS", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "The Goldbergs, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Resurrection,", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "Neighbors", "57275a505951b619008f889f": "The Middle and Modern Family", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Dragon's Den reality format", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Dragon's Den reality format", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim Allen sitcom", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "NYPD Blue", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Steven Bochco", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "ten", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "1993, the FCC", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner Cable", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "23.63%", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "WLS", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "Chicago", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett", "57275e125951b619008f88da": "25% interest in CFTO-TV", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "Wide World of Sports", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "1961", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "1961", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports Programs, Inc", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "ABC Theatres", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "a suitor selected one of three contestants sight unseen based on the answers to selected questions. This was followed up in July 1966 by The Newlywed Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "The Newlywed Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "44 story", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90%", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "Dynasty", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Mork & Mindy", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Alpha Repertory Television Service (ARTS), a cable channel operated as a joint venture with the Hearst Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "up to 15% (or between $25 million and $30 million) of Getty Oil", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "The Entertainment Channel", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "Entertainment Channel", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcda": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "$465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "Home Improvement", "572764855951b619008f8951": "General Hospital", "572764855951b619008f8952": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "572764855951b619008f8953": "7", "572764855951b619008f8954": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA-LD", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "WBND-LD", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "New Bedford, Massachusetts-licensed WLNE", "57276690708984140094dd01": "ABC Circle Films", "57276690708984140094dd02": "ABC Studios", "57276690708984140094dd03": "Prospect Avenue", "57276690708984140094dd04": "the ABC Television Center", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "Times Square", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "1500 Broadway", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "Peter Jennings Way", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "World News Tonight", "572768d9708984140094dd13": "ABC on Demand", "572768d9708984140094dd14": "ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers. The Walt Disney Company is also a part-owner of Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd15": "July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "27%", "572769e85951b619008f8985": "WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand the day", "572769e85951b619008f8986": "January 7, 2014", "572769e85951b619008f8987": "fast forwarding", "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "Paul Rand", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ESPN", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "14", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "All-Channel Receiver Act", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "UHF", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "via off-hours clearances", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "five times", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "WTRF-TV", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "the 1960s", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney Presents", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu Productions pitched its detective series", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "violence", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "General Hospital", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "$15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "The Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "The Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "soap opera General Hospital,", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ABC management", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "Donald F. Turner", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "the Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "1968", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "Capital", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "$", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "Warren Buffett", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "E. W. Scripps Company", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "September 5, 1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "Roone Arledge", "57277585708984140094de2b": "Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2c": "Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three", "57277585708984140094de2e": "The Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2f": "Cheers", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "TGIF", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "\"Thank Goodness It's Funny", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Happy Days", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "seven", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Ralph Nelson-directed Charly", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "Ralph Nelson", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "1985", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "Redwood City, California", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "westerns and detective series", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "500%", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "18%", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Ollie Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "Dick Clark", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "\"philosophy of counterprogramming", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "western series", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "Life", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "detective", "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "New York City O&O WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "numerical total", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "28", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "June 16, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007\u201308 season, \"Start Here\"", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "the entertainment division", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "the entertainment division", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "WFTS-TV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "KMBC-TV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM and WOTV)", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WTSP", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "the Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed \"Genghis Khan\", he started the Mongol invasions", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "wholesale massacres of the civilian populations", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "founding the Mongol Empire", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "\u00d6gedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Yes\u00fcgei", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "Tatar chieftain, Tem\u00fcjin-\u00fcge, whom his father had just captured.", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Begter and Belgutei", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "B\u00f6rte", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "Khongirad", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai Setsen", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Khasar killed their half-brother Begter", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "Hoelun (not Begter's mother) would have to accept him as her husband if and when he became an adult", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Khasar", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "Khasar", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "1177", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "a river crevice", "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages", "5726a784708984140094cd00": "Hoelun", "5726a784708984140094cd01": "the Chinese dynasties to the south", "5726a784708984140094cd02": "Hoelun", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat tribe", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "the Merkits", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "his", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "16", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185\u20131226", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "\u00d6g", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "\u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232).", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "118", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "\u00d6g", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "The names of at least six", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "vassal) to his father's anda (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "the Merkits", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "the Jadaran", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "20,000", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "Jamukha", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "the traditional Mongolian aristocracy", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "a proclamation by the shaman Kokochu", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "118", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "the Qara Khitai", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "Yassa code", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "Yassa code", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "orphans", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "great loyalty", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Jochi, the eldest son of Tem\u00fcjin, a sign of disrespect in the Mongolian culture.", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jam", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Keraite", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "the Naimans", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "universal ruler\"", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "the Naimans (Naiman Mongols)", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "his friendship", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "men", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "reunion", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "noble death", "5726b879708984140094cf01": "siege warfare", "5726b879708984140094cf02": "Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf03": "Khasar", "5726b879708984140094cf04": "military strategies showed a deep interest in gathering good intelligence", "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Wang Khan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "a Khuruldai", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "Yuan dynasty", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "\u00d6g", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "1206", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "1211", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "Ming-Tan, to the Mongol side, who defected and told the Mongols that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of the pass.", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing). This forced the Emperor Xuanzong", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing). This forced the Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Western Liao, as it was originally established as remnants of the Liao dynasty). Genghis Khan", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "the Liao dynasty", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "20,000", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Jebe", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "west", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "Lake Balkhash", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "Empire", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "spies", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "spies", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "Inalchuq. The Shah had all the men shaved and the Muslim beheaded and sent his head back with the two remaining ambassadors", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "commercial trading partner using the Silk Road", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "Silk Road", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "Tien Shan", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "Jebe marched secretly to the southeast part of Khwarzemia to form, with the first division, a pincer attack on Samarkand.", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "northeast of Khwarezmia.", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Jochi", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "Samarkand", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey, to immediately set about defeating small fractions of the Khwarzemi forces", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Inalchuq", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey, to immediately set about defeating small fractions of the Khwarzemi forces", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "Inalchuq by pouring molten silver into his ears and eyes, as retribution for his actions.", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Samarkand", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "legend", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "using captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "pyramids", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "The city leaders opened the gates to the Mongols, though a unit of Turkish defenders held the city's citadel for another twelve days.", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "slavery", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "artisans and craftsmen", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "the flail of God, sent to punish them for their sins.", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "slavery", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Subutai, the Mongol army was split into two forces.", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "20,000 (two tumen) contingent marched through the Caucasus and into Russia", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "the neighboring Volga Bulgars", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "80", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "Hungary and Europe", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "Hungary and Europe.", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "Transoxiana", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "1225", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Samarkand", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "1226", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "autumn", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "One", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Yellow River, defeating the Tangut relief army", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "a line of five stars", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "arrows", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Liu", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "the entire imperial family", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "Jochi", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "\u00d6gedei was appointed as successor.", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "\u00d6gedei was appointed as successor.", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "\u00d6gedei", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai was considered unstable due to his temper", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "\u00d6gedei was seen by Genghis Khan as dependable in character and relatively stable and down to earth", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Rashid al-Din reports that the great Khan", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Urgench from destruction, as it belonged to territory allocated to him as a fief", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "Genghis Khan is mad to have massacred so many people and laid waste so many lands.", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "Sultan Muhammad", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "Yinchuan", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "hunting or battle. According to The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "Genghis Khan fell from his horse", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Western Xia princess taken as war booty", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "the rival Oirads", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "markings", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "Onon", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Japanese", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": "Dongshan Dafo Dian", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "1949", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "Japanese", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "Red Guards", "57273581708984140094daeb": "rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daec": "rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daed": "the permafrost", "57273581708984140094daee": "trees", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "meritocracy", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "Muhammad Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "tax", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Nestorian Christianity", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "personal concept", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "Chinese", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "Chu'Tsai", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "nomads", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "Jin", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "avenged Chu'Tsai's forefathers", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "often extending them the same privileges and trust", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Muqali", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Caucasus", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "unwavering loyalty", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "certain rivers", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "new ideas, techniques and tools from the people they conquered, particularly in employing Muslim and Chinese siege engines", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "small enemy groups away from the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "driving", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "imperial Song dynasty of China", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "Silk Road", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "Turkey", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "tolerant of religions", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "5727404b708984140094db59": "the Mongolian People's Republic period", "5727404b708984140094db5a": "\"Genghis Khan's children\"", "5727404b708984140094db5b": "\"Genghis Khan's children\"", "5727404b708984140094db5c": "\"Genghis Khan's children\"", "5727404b708984140094db5d": "Mongolian People's Republic period", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 Mongolian t\u00f6gr\u00f6g (\u20ae)", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Ulaanbaatar", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "the Ikh Zasag", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "illegal matters related to corruption and bribery", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "the traditional Mongolian script and the creation of the Ikh Zasag (Great Administration)", "57275250708984140094dc25": "Inner Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc26": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc27": "Yuan dynasty that is often credited with re-uniting China.", "57275250708984140094dc28": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc29": "Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China", "572753af708984140094dc2f": "Iran", "572753af708984140094dc30": "enormous damage and destruction to the population", "572753af708984140094dc31": "10 to 15 million", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "Hu", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "the Mamluks of Egypt", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Gaza", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "1237", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "Novgorod and Pskov", "572756715951b619008f8877": "Mughal emperors", "572756715951b619008f8878": "Attar of Nishapur and many other notable Muslims", "572756715951b619008f8879": "Nishapur", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "Jenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Lake Baikal", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "Chinese", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Mongolian adjectival modifier -s", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "13th century Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched \"Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Tem\u00fcjin", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "Tem\u00fcjin", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "simplified Chinese: \u94c1\u6728\u771f", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Mongolian Chinggis Khaan", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "Tem\u00fcjin", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "retail shop", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "15th\u201317th centuries", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "small-business proprietors", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "small-business proprietors", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "a health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) register. The GPhC is the governing body for pharmacy health care professionals", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "the role of a PhT", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic.", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "volume", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age.", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "538\u2013710) and the early Nara period (710\u2013794", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Emperor", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "the pharmacists", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "Ranked", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "the Imperial household", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "the pharmacist", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "the pharmacist. Avicenna, too, described no less than 700", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "provides the reader with recipes", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "sublimation", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "medieval Esteve", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "medieval Esteve", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "medieval", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "dispensary", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "a pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "neonatal", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "clinical pharmacists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical pharmacists", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations and some other compounding functions to companies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications and drug-related technology, combined with the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "often be found within the premises", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "provide direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "The pharmacist must also monitor for potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions,", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration to the patient", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "The pharmacist must also monitor for potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "The pharmacist must also monitor for potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "full independent prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "board of Pharmaceutical Specialties", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs.", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes, but are increasingly branching into other institutions and non-institutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists were usually independent business owners", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients, primarily because many elderly people are now taking numerous medications", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "about the year 2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "community pharmacies, and in fact, many of them are actually operated by brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians if they are homebound", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "their physicians if they are homebound", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "Many customers order drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "Many customers order drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "prescription drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "prescription drugs", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances (e.g., Vicodin", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "a licensed practitioner", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances (e.g., Vicodin", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "Vicodin", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science.", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "national and international patient information projects", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "only", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "pharmacists cannot form business partnerships", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "dispensing", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "a financial self-interest in \"diagnosing\" as many", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "cost-effective medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "compensated for their patient care skills", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "compensated for their patient care skills", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Medschecks in Ontario", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Medschecks in Ontario", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "the mortar and pestle", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "organizations", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "the mortar and pestle", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "disease", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "disease", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5726e65e708984140094d540": "disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the brain", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "disease", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "disease", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "disease", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "the immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "bacteriophage infections", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "bacteria", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "immunological memory", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage infections", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections.", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections.", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "Hash", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "430 BC", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "miasma theory", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "Walter Reed", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "1891 proofs, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905, that microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever virus", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "an immunological memory", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "pathogens such as bacteria and viruses", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "an immunological memory", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune systems", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "an immunological memory", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system. Conversely, non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "conserved among broad groups of microorganisms, or when damaged, injured or stressed cells send out alarm signals", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "infection", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "tears and urine", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora serve as biological barriers by competing with pathogenic bacteria", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "a phagosome, which subsequently fuses with another vesicle called a lysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "a phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "Leukocytes (white blood cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "low levels of a cell-surface marker called MHC I (major histocompatibility complex", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "early vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "the recognition of specific \"non-self\" antigens", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class II MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class I MHC molecules, while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "viruses", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "granulysin", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40 ligand (also called CD154", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "alternative T cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "helper T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells are a component of adaptive immunity as they rearrange TCR genes to produce receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "large numbers of human V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells respond within hours", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "MHC class II molecules", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "passive short-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "antibody-rich serum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "antibody-rich serum", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate immune responses", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "pressive", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "active immunizations", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "a progressive decline in hormone levels with age", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "fewer MHC class I molecules", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies are generated against tumor cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "attacks part of the body", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "the thymus and bone marrow", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "many", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age due to immunosenescence", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "to introduce an antigen from a pathogen in order to stimulate the immune system and develop specific immunity against that particular pathogen without causing disease associated with that organism.", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen from a pathogen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "the natural specificity", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "a", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "a hollow tube", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Niels Jerne", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "mid-1950s", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "inflammation", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "cyclosporin", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "CYP27B1", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "The complement system and phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "Many", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "the lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity.", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "soluble components (molecules) found in the organism\u2019s \u201chumors\u201d rather than its cells", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components (molecules) found in the organism\u2019s \u201chumors\u201d rather than its cells", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "a reduced number of MHC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "TGF-\u03b2", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "damages the body's own tissues", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "ergy", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "damages the body's own tissues", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "damages the body's own tissues", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "hide", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "most of its life-cycle inside host cells, where it is shielded from direct contact with immune cells, antibodies and complement.", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "concealed. This is called antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "Masking antigens with host molecules is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "human papillomavirus", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "6000 Da", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155236": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin.", "572a12386aef051400155237": "long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of Th1 immune responses", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "disrupting their plasma membrane", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules, which are also proteases.", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "unfair laws", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "unfair laws", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Sophocles", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Oedipus, defies Creon", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "Polynices a proper burial", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "play", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "play", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "play", "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da38": "nonviolence", "5727213c708984140094da39": "The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da37": "poet Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "1819, poet Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "1819, poet Percy Shelley", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "Alice in Wonderland", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "demonstration", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "lawful protest demonstration", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "demonstration", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "two", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "Civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong.", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "a postman", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only individuals act, only individuals can act unjustly.", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "a postman", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only individuals act, only individuals can act unjustly.", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong.", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "a postman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "a postman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong.", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "Brownlee", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "entities", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "breaches of law", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "governmental entities", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience. But Stephen Eilmann", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience rather than simply covert lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "a lawyer wishes to help a client overcome legal obstacles to securing her or his natural rights", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "covert lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience rather than simply covert lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "Stephen Eilmann", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Stephen Eilmann", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "\"carefully chosen and legitimate means,\"", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "refraining from violence", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience.", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "much more serious than those justifying disobedience, and if one cannot justify civil rebellion, then one cannot", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "\"carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "laws", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "laws", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "Austrian government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "laws", "572822233acd2414000df555": "solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau", "572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images", "572822233acd2414000df557": "solitary civil disobedience", "572822233acd2414000df558": "rose to higher political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "solitary", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "solitary", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "Luna", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "a harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "Bedau also notes, though, that the very harmlessness of such entirely symbolic illegal protests toward public policy goals may serve a propaganda purpose.", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "Filthy Words", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "Threatening government officials", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "denial-of-service attacks", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "coercive", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "GCSB Waihopai", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercive", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "coercive", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "a fear of seeming rude", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "talk", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "harmful", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "a fear of seeming rude", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "a fear of seeming rude", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "violation of criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "violation of criminal law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "defending oneself in court will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "a plea of not guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "Francis Heisler", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "Camp Mercury", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended sentences", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "part of a rule", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "the members of the Navy", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "mistreatment from government officials", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "the members of the Navy", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "the members of the Navy", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "the members of the Navy\"", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "Steven Barkan", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "ification", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "some civil disobedients seek jury nullification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "conscientious nor of social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "breaking", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "covertly", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "particular law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "fully informed jury leafleters", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "\"just deserts\", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "\"just deserts", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "\"just deserts", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "on location for a known client", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional)", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "the Top 400", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "construction", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "litigation", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber)", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "a lot of waste", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople.", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres (6 ft 7 in) of building material per hour as of January 2013", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db99": "reality", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "most cost efficient bidder", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\"", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "Several project structures can assist the owner in this integration, including design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "when builders ask for too little money", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "the owner's equity", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders or project changes that increased costs", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "each side", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", "572753335951b619008f8855": "Any subcontractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "consortium of several", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "phase 2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "the municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a343,389", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a342,090, compared to \u00a326,719", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "Canada", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation through public (government) funding", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "the right to select their students", "57274712708984140094dbad": "$45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "primary and secondary educational levels; it is almost never used of universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "lower sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "\"prep schools\", boarding schools and day schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "location of the school", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "High tuition, schools claim, is used to pay higher salaries for the best teachers", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "parochial schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "parochial schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "parochial schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "power of expulsion", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "higher quality of education", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Hunters Hill", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "11.1%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents (the so-called Sonderungsverbot).", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "private individuals, private organizations or religious groups", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "scholarships", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "the CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "only non-profit trusts and societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "Annual Status of Education", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "the government is only in charge of the school curriculum and teaching personnel while the lands still belonged to the schools.", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "the government is only in charge of the school curriculum and teaching personnel while the lands still belonged to the schools.", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "funds", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Galaxy Public School", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "English, but as a compulsory subject, Nepali and/or the state's official language", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "the nation's then-private Catholic school system", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "28,000 students or 3.7% of the entire student population. Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "King's College", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Catholic schismatic group", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "7.5% of primary enrollment, 32% of secondary enrollment and about 80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "English, mathematics and natural science", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "vocational and technical courses", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Private Education Student Financial Assistance is made available to underprivileged, but deserving high school graduates", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "private schools and schools which are privately governed", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth", "57275409708984140094dc35": "semi-private", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups", "57275409708984140094dc37": "higher school fees", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "Knowledge School\u201d), offers 30 schools and a web-based environment, has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "Knowledge School\u201d), offers 30 schools and a web-based environment, has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "school voucher", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13 years old", "572756265951b619008f886e": "13 years old", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8871": "independent schools", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "1954", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v.", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "1954", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "1954", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "1954", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Establishment Clause", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", "572759665951b619008f8883": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510 (1925", "572759665951b619008f8887": "1976", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "operating expenses, particularly at boarding schools", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "Groton School", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Allston", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "never affiliated with any particular denomination", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant (president, 1933\u20131953) reinvigorated creative scholarship to guarantee its preeminence", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "identify, recruit, and support talented youth", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "1977, the proportion of female undergraduates", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "1977", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "south of Harvard Yard along or near the Charles River", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Quadrangle", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "School", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "Allston campus include new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200 undergraduates and 14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1875", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students. The school color is crimson", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "largest", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "about 30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "arts and sciences", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "teaching fellows", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "four", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "Harvard College", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "nothing", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "88", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library in Harvard Yard", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "in Pusey Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Busch-Reisinger Museum", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Arthur M. Sackler", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings.", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "the Harvard and Yale Track and Field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford University and Cambridge University team,", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "legalizing", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "former captain of the Yale football team", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23 years", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Connecticut", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B.", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Leonard Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "2", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "north", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "the Timucua", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "tourism", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "tourism is also important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "riverine", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the Mocama", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "May", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "May", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Fort Caroline", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "Mateo", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "1763", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "St. Augustine to Georgia", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "the Florida Legislative Council", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "hogs and cattle", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862 just outside Jacksonville proper resulted in the first Confederate victory in Florida.", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "no battles were fought in Jacksonville proper, the city changed hands several times between Union and Confederate forces.", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "hogs and cattle being shipped from Florida to aid the Confederate cause.", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "Battle of Cedar Creek", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "St. Augustine", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "steamboat and later by railroad. President Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "kitchen fire", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "kitchen fire", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over the course of the decade, more than 30", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World\"", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "newer", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "\"white flight", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "education", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits.", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "1960 and 1965", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "the traditional old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "mid-1960s", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "Lower taxes", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "consolidation", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "1967", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "half-penny sales tax. This would generate most of the revenue required for the $2.25 billion", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "a half-penny sales tax", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "86.66%", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "The Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": "Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164512": "Bank of America Tower", "572821274b864d1900164513": "28 floor Riverplace Tower", "572821274b864d1900164514": "37-story Wells Fargo Center", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical climate", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "mild and sunny", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "humid subtropical climate", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon.", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "1871", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "1871", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab population", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "Filipino American community, with 25,033", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "Filipino American community", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "7", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "7", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "94", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "recession", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "Anthony Shorrocks, the lead author of the Credit Suisse report which is one of the sources of Oxfam's data,", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "$759,900", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "more financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "half of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "more poor people in the United States and Western Europe", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "more wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "more wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "more wealth than half of all Americans combined.", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "1 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies, \"over 60 percent", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "marginal value added", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "inequalities", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "marginal value added", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "the productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army of labour\"). This process exerts a downward pressure", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "the productivity", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army of labour", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class amidst rising levels of property income for the capitalist class", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "competitive pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army of labour\").", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "mechanization and automation", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "substitution of capital equipment", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "market", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "the law of supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "Employers who offer a below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "Employers who offer a below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "market. Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "Competition", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "competition", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high demand", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "competition", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "few able or willing workers", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "competition", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "higher economic inequality", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "survival needs such as income", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "vocation", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "\"push\" motivations", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\") such as vocation", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "necessity", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "the taxable base amount increases", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "the level of the top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "a more equal distribution of income across the board", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "the level of the top tax rate will often have a direct impact", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "steeper tax progressivity", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "poor", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower wages", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps to unleash the productive potential of the poor", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "increasing access to education. It estimated that if the average United States worker had completed just one more year", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "Standard & Poor", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "educational inequality in gender also influence towards the economy.", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor. High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "business regulation along with the decline of union membership", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European countries for which data", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes.", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "decline of union membership", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "high levels of income inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "U.S.-style labor-market flexibility", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower level of economic mobility", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "decline of organized labor", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "low levels of inequality", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "low-skilled workers in the rich countries may see reduced wages as a result of the competition", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "low-skilled workers in the rich countries may see reduced wages as a result of the competition", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "low skilled jobs becoming more tradeable", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "low skilled jobs becoming more tradeable", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "domestic scale", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers in the rich countries may see reduced wages as a result of the competition", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "Trade economist", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "technological innovation", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor in wealthier nations, and that wealthier countries no longer have significant numbers of low-skilled manufacturing workers", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions,", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males in the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "53%", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males in the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "pay", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "a difference in earnings", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "relatively equal distributions of wealth. As a country develops, it acquires more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "relatively equal distributions of wealth", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "service sector", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "service sector", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "1970s", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "higher returns [pp.", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "the beneficiaries", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "the use of political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "lower rates of social goods, a lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption,", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "higher rates of health and social problems", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "7", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative effect", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic growth", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "obesity", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "life expectancy", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "obesity", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "better health and longer lives. This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "78", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "80 years) and Japan", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "authors Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality but not per capita income", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality in society", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "Crime rate", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "luxury items", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "the additional dollar", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption, rather than income", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Will Wilkinson", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall.", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "Raghuram Rajan argues that \"systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit to the lower and middle income earners", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "poor", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "economists David Castells", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "increasing inequality", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "reducing its inequality-associated effects", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "lower level of human capital formation (education, experience, and apprenticeship", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "higher levels of redistributive taxation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "relatively", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "relatively poor countries but encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is \"little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment\".", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "1970s", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth.", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "60 years", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "the Secretary General of the United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "much land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "various associations", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "buying property and building", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "14 years", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "the number of quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "1984 and 1991, the number of quality rental units decreased as the demand for higher quality housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "everyone", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "finances", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts and one method of achieving this aspiration is by taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "by taking on debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "the amount of environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "1/3 of current levels, so about 2 billion people", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "the increase of emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "a wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "the means of production should be socially owned", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by force (usually in the form of taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "all individuals are free from force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "the result of forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "they", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "income inequality", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "economic growth and income", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "income inequality and poverty", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "income inequality and poverty", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "ability to pursue valued goals", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "deprived of earning as much income", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "as much as a healthy young man", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "towards a better relevant income", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "DIS", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "a sentient time-travelling space ship", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "1963", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963 to 1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "1981", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "Christopher Eccleston", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "1963 to 1989", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "regeneration into a new incarnation", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and, to some extent, new personality", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "40", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "Gallifrey, who simply goes by the name \"The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "rarely", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "the Master", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "ability to regenerate", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "humans", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "renegade Time Lord", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "25 minutes", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "aliens", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "Nation's script became the second Doctor Who serial \u2013 The Daleks (a.k.a. The Mutants", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "\"bug-eyed monsters", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "Sophie Aldred", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "decline in the public perception", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "BBC drama department's serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "9.1 million", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "9.1 million", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Rose", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "BBC One", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2009", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Chris Chibnall", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Rose\" on BBC One", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "1963\u20131989", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "1963\u20131989", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "Battlestar Galactica", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "Mission Impossible", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "eighty seconds", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "ten minutes", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "the coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts across the country, and they broadcast it again on 30 November 1963", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "Museum of the Moving Image", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "Museum of the Moving Image", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "Digital Spy", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "Doctor Who", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3%", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "Philip Howard", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "Monopoly", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "journalist", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "the TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "image", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "image", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "Metropolitan Police Authority", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "1996", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\"", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "The Daleks' Master Plan, which aired in 12", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "The Master", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years.", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "45-minute", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "Journey's End\" from 2008 and \"The Eleventh Hour", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "Journey's End\" from 2008", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "25", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "eight", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "eight", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "Five Doctors", "572803493acd2414000df229": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22a": "97 of 253", "572803493acd2414000df22b": "seasons 3, 4, & 5", "572803493acd2414000df22c": "1978", "572803493acd2414000df22d": "Doctor Who", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "bought prints for broadcast", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "fans", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "8 mm cine", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "home", "572805363acd2414000df26d": "The Invasion (1968", "572805363acd2414000df26e": "1968", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", "572805363acd2414000df270": "Cosgrove Hall", "572805363acd2414000df271": "2006", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "\"renewal,\"", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "William Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "William Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "William Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "William Hartnell", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "12 times, for a total of 13", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "episode", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "The Deadly Assassin", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "13", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "The Day of the Doctor", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "Michael Jayston", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "War Doctor", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "Richard Hurndall", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "1973", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "1973", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "1973", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "1999", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "Jon Pertwee", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "2010", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "Four Doctors", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "Zagreus", "57280e323acd2414000df349": "incarnations of the Time Lord Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "The Five Doctors", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "Victoria Waterfield", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Susan Foreman. In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "a human", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "The Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "Romana", "572811434b864d190016438c": "Bill", "572811434b864d190016438d": "Pearl Mackie", "572811434b864d190016438e": "Amy Pond", "572811434b864d190016438f": "Pearl Mackie", "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "Slitheen", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks in series 1, Cybermen", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "the Macra", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Zygons", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "The Dalek race", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "eyestalk", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "eyestalk", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "renegade Time Lord", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "The Master is the Doctor's archenemy, a renegade Time Lord who desires to rule the universe", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "Eric Roberts", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "Professor Moriarty", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "the Doctor's archenemy, a renegade Time Lord", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "Utopia", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "Time Lady", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Missy", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Missy", "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer", "572816213acd2414000df42a": "Dick Mills", "572816213acd2414000df42b": "musique concr\u00e8te", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979\u201380", "572816213acd2414000df42d": "\"Did I write that?\"", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "John Debney created a new arrangement of Ron Grainer", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Seventh", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "Ron Grainer", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "Keff McCulloch", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "The Snowmen", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "The Snowmen", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "The Day", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "The Day of the Doctor", "572819864b864d190016447e": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d190016447f": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d1900164480": "24", "572819864b864d1900164481": "The Timelords", "572819864b864d1900164482": "24", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "1964", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "The Talons of Weng-Chiang", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "The Christmas Invasion", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "19 November 2006", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "Children in Need. David Tennant hosted the event, introducing the different sections of the concert.", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Music of the Spheres", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "The Next Doctor to End of Time Part 2", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "2010", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "2008", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "8 November 2010", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The Day of the Doctor", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "2012", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "current Doctor Who", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The Day of the Doctor\"", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "BBC One channel", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "Tom Baker", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "1964\u20131965), when the popularity of the Daleks", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "BBC One channel, where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers; episodes are now repeated on BBC Three", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "three to five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "three to five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "three to five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "three to five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "2005", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "The Five Doctors", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "12", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "12 May 1996 on CITV in Edmonton, Canada, 15", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "20th anniversary", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "ABC)", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "The Five Doctors", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "SyFy", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "The Five Doctors", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "January 1965", "572825714b864d1900164590": "Three", "572825714b864d1900164591": "Three Doctors", "572825714b864d1900164592": "Space", "572825714b864d1900164593": "The Talons of Weng-Chiang", "572825714b864d1900164594": "Judith Merril", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "9 October 2006", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "CBC", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "BBC Video on DVD", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "One episode of Doctor Who", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "Spearhead from Space", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "2009", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "Trevor Martin", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "Curse of the Daleks", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "David Banks", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "David Banks", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "Cardiff", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "2008", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "Children", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "Children of Earth which was set largely in London", "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith, was developed by CBBC", "57282f204b864d190016468c": "David Tennant", "57282f204b864d190016468d": "David Tennant", "57282f204b864d190016468e": "death", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "Pulfrich", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "Pulfrich", "572831512ca10214002da04a": "Curse of Fatal Death", "572831512ca10214002da04b": "four", "572831512ca10214002da04c": "Richard E. Grant", "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Richard E. Grant", "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da086": "Star Trek: The Next Generation", "572833662ca10214002da087": "Blue Harvest", "572833662ca10214002da088": "Queer as Folk (created by later Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies), the character of Vince", "572833662ca10214002da089": "Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da08a": "Br", "572834524b864d1900164716": "The Chase released in 1966", "572834524b864d1900164717": "State of Decay in 1981", "572834524b864d1900164718": "The Chase released in 1966", "572834524b864d1900164719": "1981", "572834524b864d190016471a": "Slipback", "572835854b864d190016472e": "1999", "572835854b864d190016472f": "Destiny of the Doctor", "572835854b864d1900164730": "1999", "572835854b864d1900164731": "1999", "572835854b864d1900164732": "Tom Baker", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "sixties", "572836732ca10214002da0de": "Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0df": "Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "BBC Books", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "BBC Television in the early 1960s", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television in the early 1960s", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "producers", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "the BBC", "572838323acd2414000df737": "2006", "572838323acd2414000df738": "Russell T Davies", "572838323acd2414000df739": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Michelle Gomez", "572838323acd2414000df73b": "Missy", "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world, the \"most successful\"", "57283a392ca10214002da119": "50th anniversary special", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "1975, Season 11 of the series won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "Doctor Who", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "Kids' TV shows (a Channel 4 countdown in 2001), the 1963\u20131989 run was placed at number eight", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "SFX magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "1963\u20131989 run was placed at number eight", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series, the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated.", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "Vincent and the Doctor\" was shortlisted for a Mind Award at the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards for its \"touching\" portrayal of Vincent van Gogh.", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "2009", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "critics and the public", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "Matt Smith won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan who won Best Actress. Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Matt Smith won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "The Waters of Mars", "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Spike Milligan", "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Jon Culshaw", "57283e652ca10214002da168": "invades his bathroom", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "The Big Bang Theory", "57283e652ca10214002da169": "Jon Culshaw", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "5,000 students in the College and around 15,000", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "$100,000", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles", "572843304b864d1900164848": "Shimer College", "572843304b864d1900164849": "Mount Carroll, Illinois", "572843304b864d190016484a": "twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago", "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "very young students to attend college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park neighborhood.", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "very young students to attend college", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "George Beadle", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "George Beadle", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two-page statement of the university's policy in \"social and political action,\"", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "rental", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "the mid-2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth donated $300 million", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Henry Ives Cobb", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "the 1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago.", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left bank of the Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "Renmin University's campus in Haidian District.", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "Andrew Alper, and the President of the university is Robert Zimmer", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "College", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "the New Collegiate Division", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "intense learning experience", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Undergraduate courses", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "K-12", "572855973acd2414000df928": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K-12 students and day care), the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df929": "K-12", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "Milton Friedman", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "the Miller\u2013Urey experiment", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "music composition since 1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "visual arts, music, and art history, and, more recently, Cinema & Media studies (1996", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "visual arts, music, and art history, and, more recently, Cinema & Media studies (1996) and theater & performance studies (2002", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association (UAA)", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "University Athletic Association (UAA)", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "1946", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "Students at the University of Chicago run over 400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Students at the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "the University of Chicago College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "Administration", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "large teams of students compete to obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list.", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "large teams of students compete to obtain notoriously esoteric items", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Arts", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Jon Corzine", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Marek Belka", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Katherine Dunham", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Sarah Koenig", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Roger Ebert", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "anthropologists David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Robert A. Millikan", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Arthur H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Yuan T. Lee", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Steven Levitt", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143; pinyin: D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Mongolian: Yehe Yuan Ulus[a])", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143; pinyin: D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Mongolian: Yehe Yuan Ulus[a])", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143; pinyin: D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Mongolian: Yehe Yuan Ulus[a])", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143; pinyin: D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Wade\u2013Giles: Ta-Y\u00fcan)", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "\u5927\u54c9\u4e7e\u5143\" (d\u00e0 zai Qi\u00e1n Yu\u00e1n / \"Great is Qi\u00e1n, the Primal\"", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "\u5927\u54c9\u4e7e\u5143\" (d\u00e0 zai Qi\u00e1n Yu\u00e1n / \"Great is Qi\u00e1n, the Primal\"", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Dai \u00d6n Yeke Mongghul Ulus (Mongolian script: ), meaning \"Great Yuan Great Mongol State", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "G\u00fcy", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206.", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "10,000 troops", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "part of the \"Mongol nation", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Shi Tianze", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi (\u53f2\u79c9\u76f4, Shih Ping-chih)", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "brother", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "hostile but weakened Song dynasty", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "Ogedei's grandson Kaidu", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "the Imperial Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "the Han Chinese", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "Yuan society into three", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "Mongol interests", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "sage emperor", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China to Daidu in the north.", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China to Daidu in the north", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north.", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "disease", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Burma", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "disease", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "disease", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "Yunnan", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Yunnan", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "Yunnan", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "some Mongol elite", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "the Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "Kusala suddenly died only four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "El Tem\u00fcr, and Tugh Tem\u00fcr then remounted the throne.", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support of Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah.", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "El Tem\u00fcr", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Jingshi Dadian (Chinese: \u7d93\u4e16\u5927\u5178)", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "Jingshi Dadian (Chinese: \u7d93\u4e16\u5927\u5178)", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian (Chinese: \u7d93\u4e16\u5927\u5178)", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Jingshi Dadian (Chinese: \u7d93\u4e16\u5927\u5178).", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year-old Toghun Tem\u00fcr (Emperor Huizong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness", "572872822ca10214002da375": "all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia", "572872822ca10214002da376": "Uninterested in administration, they were separated from both the army and the populace", "572872822ca10214002da377": "Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese", "572872822ca10214002da378": "short and marked by intrigues and rivalries", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "drought", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Red Turban", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "1354", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising.", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "the", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "Mongols", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "Eastern crops such as carrots, turnips", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts.", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Tibetan Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambaluc", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Million", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Venetian Marco Polo,", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "1299", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "cultures", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "central government administration was established within the first decade of Kublai's reign.", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "the Central Secretariat (Zhongshu Sheng) to manage civil affairs, the Privy Council (Chinese: \u6a1e\u5bc6\u9662) to manage military affairs,", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "central government administration was established within the first decade of Kublai's reign.", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "central government departments", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "the Privy Council", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "generally converse", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tangut", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "1269", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empire commoners", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "classical Chinese art", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "landscape painting", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Song dynasty and the Yuan dynasty are linked together.", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "incorporation of poetry both classical and of the newer qu form.", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "never", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important.", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya sect", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "124", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars.", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars.", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars.", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "572881022ca10214002da416": "Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans.", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism.", "572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "a high income", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Wei Yilin (1277\u20131347) invented a suspension method for reducing dislocated joints,", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "Wei Yilin (1277\u20131347)", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277\u20131347) invented a suspension method for reducing dislocated joints, which he performed using anesthetics.", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine.", "572882242ca10214002da420": "Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries.", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "Taoist text inscribed with the name of T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks to print paper money, but switched to bronze plates in 1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "Gaykhatu. The Il-khanate government issued paper money in 1294", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system.", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "the", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "the Ilkhanate", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "the Mongols where they worked as artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "a Qara-Khitay (Khitan)", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "the Yuan Emperors severely discriminated against them, restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "circumcision", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "semu class", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "four-class", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "four-class", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "rich and well socially standing Chinese while there were less rich Mongol and Semu", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "The Northern", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "The Northern", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "Northern", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "Major commerce", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Korean King", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Shandong, Shanxi", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "the Central Secretariat", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing)", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng)", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "the East African Community", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Republic", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "Republic", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "Lake Victoria", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Nairobi", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "arid", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "Lake Victoria", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "Lower Paleolithic", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa.", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97%", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "19th century", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Mount Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "\"God's resting place\"", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "\"God's resting place", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "a corruption of the Kamba version.", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "Ludwig Krapf", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Joseph Thompsons", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "1882", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "Africa", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "June and September with millions", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "Two million", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "20 million", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "Homo habilis", "5728fa576aef051400154922": "Richard Leakey", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "1.6-million", "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Louis Leakey", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "The Swahili built Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Duarte Barbosa", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Kenyan Coast", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "14th century", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "line the Kenyan coast", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "August 1914", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "British East Africa (as the Protectorate was generally known) and German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "guerrilla warfare campaign, living off the land, capturing British supplies, and remaining undefeated.", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Northern Rhodesia", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "central highlands", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "farmers", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "banned the growing of coffee", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80,000", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "15 January 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42% of the total insurgents.", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "24 April 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "4,686", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "the Swynnerton Plan", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "Jomo Kenyatta", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "the Kenya Independence Act 1963", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Republic of Kenya", "572909406aef0514001549dc": "queuing", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "queuing", "572909406aef0514001549de": "Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "a presidential representative democratic republic", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "The President is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "the government", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI)", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "139", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI)", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "National Unity", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "Party of National Unity", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "complicity and to Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "Orange Democratic Movement (ODM)", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "election riots", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "the election riots", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "28 February 2008", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "Kenya's second Prime Minister", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "PNU and ODM", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "a vice-president and two deputy Prime Ministers.", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "the PM", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "Kibaki's PNU and Odinga's ODM", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "an elected MP who will be the leader of the party or coalition with majority members in Parliament.", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "29 February 2008", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "Kibaki's PNU and Odinga's ODM together and heralded the formation of the grand coalition", "572913626aef051400154a30": "eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a31": "eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a32": "eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a33": "27 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a34": "Second Republic", "572914441d04691400779025": "December 2014", "572914441d04691400779026": "Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups", "572914441d04691400779027": "democratic freedoms", "572914441d04691400779028": "Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups", "572914441d04691400779029": "supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups", "572914f46aef051400154a46": "Xi Jinping after a stop in Russia and not having visited the United States as president.", "572914f46aef051400154a47": "US President Barack Obama", "572914f46aef051400154a48": "Xi Jinping", "572914f46aef051400154a49": "US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip. Later in the summer, Kenyatta visited China", "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping missions around the world", "572915621d04691400779030": "December 2007", "572915621d04691400779031": "December", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Armoured Personnel Carriers", "572915e43f37b31900478006": "less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "Armoured Personnel Carriers", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "public scrutiny and notoriety", "572916f16aef051400154a56": "0.519", "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Kenya", "572916f16aef051400154a58": "$1.25", "572916f16aef051400154a59": "a frontier market or occasionally an emerging market", "572917743f37b3190047800d": "service sector", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector, accounting for 16% of GDP.", "572917743f37b31900478010": "Industry and manufacturing", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "25%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "61%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "tourism", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "independence", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "Germany", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "24%", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "maize", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "drought resistant", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "stimulating the growth of local seed production and agro-dealer networks for distribution and marketing.", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "20\u201325%", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "20\u201325%", "57291b461d04691400779049": "fertile highlands", "57291b461d0469140077904a": "wheat", "57291b461d0469140077904b": "the semi-arid savanna", "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53%", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Kenyans for Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14%", "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu", "57291beb1d04691400779056": "small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River, as well as the Turkwel Gorge Dam in the west.", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "1997", "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Turkana", "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10 billion", "57291f153f37b31900478045": "Exploration", "57291f153f37b31900478046": "20% to 25%", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "$474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "$474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "60", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "Base Titanium", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "$2.84 billion", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "Vision 2030, an economic development programme it hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "year", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "low carbon climate resilient development pathway'.", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "robust delivery", "572920d73f37b31900478055": "agriculture", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "up to 30%", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "9\u201318", "572920d73f37b31900478058": "poverty", "572921646aef051400154a78": "English", "572921646aef051400154a79": "English", "572921646aef051400154a7a": "commerce, schooling and government", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations.", "572922206aef051400154a8a": "83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite.", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "83%", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "3 million", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "Muslim 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%), and nonreligious 2.4%", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "Sixty percent", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Indian origin", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "300,000", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "80%", "572924b53f37b31900478068": "80%", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "65,000", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "65,000", "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty", "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half", "572925491d046914007790c5": "Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level. Preventable diseases", "572925491d046914007790c6": "poor leadership in the public health sector", "572925491d046914007790c7": "15 million", "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British", "572925a81d046914007790ce": "British colonists. After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Commission", "572925a81d046914007790d0": "identity and unity", "572925a81d046914007790d1": "British", "572926086aef051400154ac2": "1981", "572926086aef051400154ac3": "8", "572926086aef051400154ac4": "7", "572926086aef051400154ac5": "1992", "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "vocational subjects", "572926653f37b3190047807b": "8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807c": "2003, the Government of Kenya announced the introduction of free primary education. As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "free primary education. As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%", "572926d23f37b31900478083": "six years", "572926d23f37b31900478084": "eight", "572926d23f37b31900478085": "free", "572926d23f37b31900478086": "polytechnic or other technical college", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "85%", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "three to five", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "three to five", "5729276c1d046914007790da": "Kenya Certificate of Primary Education", "5729276c1d046914007790db": "Kenya", "572927d06aef051400154ade": "the Kenya National Library Service (KNLS)", "572927d06aef051400154adf": "Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "a peoples university", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "open to all irrespective of age, literacy level and has materials relevant to people of all walks of life", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "middle-distance and long-distance athletics", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "middle", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "middle", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "Pamela Jelimo", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Pamela Jelimo", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "Samuel Wanjiru", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Pamela Jelimo", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "Pamela Jelimo", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "2003", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "March 2007", "57292994af94a219006aa131": "Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": "Safari", "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "three", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "10 o'clock", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "10 o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi)", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "much of the population", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "World Meteorological Organization", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "1988", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "Resolution 43/53", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Ismail El Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "322", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "322", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO.", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "Trust Fund", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "research", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources.", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "of sufficient quality", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "literature", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "bling", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "the Working Group chairs", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "executive", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "CO2", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business as usual\"", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "16 national science academies", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16 national science academies", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR. Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "John", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX)", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)", "572940246aef051400154bec": "the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bee": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "WWF report,", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "WWF", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "2035", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781af": "Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "unfounded", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "hockey stick graph", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "Wibj\u00f6rn Karl\u00e9n and Singer argued against the graph at a United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "James Inhofe", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "Crowley & Lowery 2000", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "2007", "572945b11d04691400779230": "temperature and sea level change with observations.", "572945b11d04691400779231": "climate", "572945b11d04691400779232": "climate", "572949306aef051400154c68": "study on projected rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "participant in the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine's State of the Planet 2008-2009", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "concurring, smaller assessments of special problems", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "different, if not opposing goals", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "\"immediate risks with everyday relevance\"", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government made a stronger argument in favor to combat human-made climate change", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "its own research", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "a deadline for submissions", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science.", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors \u2013 wrote in the journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors \u2013 wrote in the journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "five", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight", "572953013f37b3190047824d": "to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll", "572953013f37b3190047824e": "ATP", "572953013f37b3190047824f": "ATP", "572953013f37b31900478250": "Calvin cycle", "572953013f37b31900478251": "1", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "dynamic", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "environmental factors like light color and intensity", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "dynamic", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "a photosynthetic cyanobacterium", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "dynamic", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "one of many types of organelles in the plant cell", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Russian", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "Russian", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "Russian", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "one of many types of organelles in the plant cell", "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria", "572957361d046914007792d0": "blue-green algae", "572957361d046914007792d2": "two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d3": "two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d1": "blue-green algae", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "parasite", "572957ad1d046914007792da": "food or as an internal parasite", "572957ad1d046914007792db": "cyanobacterium)", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "food", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "almost the same thing as chloroplast", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "\"plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast)", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "primary plastids", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "smallest", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "a glaucophyte", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "13 species, and is thought to be the one that branched off the earliest.", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "Glaucophyte chloroplasts also contain concentric unstacked thylakoids, which surround a carboxysome", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "icosahedral", "57295a116aef051400154d44": "a double membrane", "57295a116aef051400154d45": "a double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", "57295a116aef051400154d46": "blue-green chlorophyll a and other pigments, many are reddish to purple from the combination.", "57295a116aef051400154d47": "less phycoerytherin in their rhodoplasts, and can appear more greenish.", "57295a116aef051400154d48": "pyrenoids", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "glaucophyte", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "accessory pigments", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "green", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "use in chloroplast division", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "b", "572961f61d04691400779359": "a double membrane", "572961f61d0469140077935a": "secondary endosymbiotic event, when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote", "572961f61d0469140077935b": "a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote", "572961f61d0469140077935c": "a double membrane", "572961f61d0469140077935d": "a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote", "572962953f37b319004782f5": "three membranes", "572962953f37b319004782f6": "contain chloroplasts derived from a green alga. Euglenophyte chloroplasts have three membranes", "572962953f37b319004782f7": "Euglenophyte chloroplasts have a pyrenoid and thylakoids stacked in groups of three", "572962953f37b319004782f8": "Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f9": "three", "572963221d04691400779385": "cryptomonads are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast.", "572963221d04691400779386": "four", "572963221d04691400779387": "a nucleomorph", "572963221d04691400779388": "a pyrenoid", "572963221d04691400779389": "stacks of two", "572963876aef051400154dd2": "Cryptosporidium have lost the chloroplast completely.", "572963876aef051400154dd3": "Cryptosporidium have lost the chloroplast completely.", "572963876aef051400154dd4": "malaria parasite", "572963876aef051400154dd5": "Cryptosporidium have lost the chloroplast completely.", "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "fatty acids, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, iron-sulfur clusters, and carry out part of the heme pathway.", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "cure apicomplexan-related diseases", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "lost all photosynthetic function", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "four membranes, but the membranes are not connected to the endoplasmic reticulum", "572965566aef051400154e00": "Starch", "572965566aef051400154e01": "any other group of chloroplasts", "572965566aef051400154e02": "triplet-stacked", "572965566aef051400154e03": "the carotenoid pigment", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "Karenia", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "Karlodinium", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "double membrane", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "six", "572966626aef051400154e13": "phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte", "572966626aef051400154e14": "the chloroplast seems to have been taken,", "572966626aef051400154e12": "a kleptoplast", "572966626aef051400154e15": "phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte.", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "up to five", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "up to five", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "its own food", "572967e31d046914007793b1": "dinophyte nucleus", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium", "572967e31d046914007793b3": "Lepidodinium is the only dinophyte", "572967e31d046914007793b4": "peridinin chloroplast and replaced it with a green algal derived chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "Lepidodinium", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "events", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "early stages of endosymbiosis, Paulinella chromatophora can offer some insights into how chloroplasts evolved.", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "about a million", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "around 850", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "about a million", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "ctDNA, or cpDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "their own DNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "1962", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "1986", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "1986", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "chloroplast DNAs which have lost some of the inverted repeat segments tend to get rearranged more.", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "direct repeats", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "direct repeats", "572969f51d046914007793dd": "1970s", "572969f51d046914007793de": "two", "572969f51d046914007793e0": "theta intermediary form", "572969f51d046914007793df": "double displacement loop", "572969f51d046914007793e1": "double displacement loop", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "A \u2192 G", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "linear and replicates through homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "linear and replicates through homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "linear and replicates through homologous recombination. It further contends that only a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular chromosomes", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "circular and most likely replicates via a D loop mechanism.", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "maize", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": "maize", "57296b151d046914007793f1": "many chromalveolate lineages", "57296b151d046914007793f2": "the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "a heterokontophyte", "57296b151d046914007793f4": "a heterokontophyte", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": "tRNA", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "around half", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "around half of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast. Many became exaptations", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "cell membrane, just like if you were headed for the extracellular space", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "a ribosome in the cytosol", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "a ribosome in the cytosol", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "a phosphate group to many (but not all) of them in their transit sequences", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely.", "57296cb21d04691400779403": "lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779404": "lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779405": "1\u20133 \u03bcm", "57296cb21d04691400779406": "net", "57296cb21d04691400779407": "lens", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "cyanobacteria", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "homologous", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "mitochondrial double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "rion", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "ATP energy", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "internal thylakoid system", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "double membrane", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "Stromules", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "The chloroplast peripheral reticulum", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "small", "57296eb01d04691400779435": "their own ribosomes", "57296eb01d04691400779436": "two-thirds", "57296eb01d04691400779437": "two-thirds", "57296eb01d04691400779438": "Small", "57296eb01d04691400779439": "about two-thirds the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes (around 17 nm vs 25 nm).", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "plastoglobule(s))", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45\u201360 nanometers across", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "a lipid monolayer", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "a thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "the thylakoid network", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "chains", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "higher plants", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "divide to form new pyrenoids, or be produced \"de novo\".", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "helical thylakoid", "57296fd71d04691400779440": "pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779441": "two to a hundred", "57296fd71d04691400779442": "two to a hundred", "57296fd71d04691400779443": "lamellar thylakoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "light energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "light energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "carotenoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "Molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to pump hydrogen ions", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "a large protein complex", "572970916aef051400154eba": "granal", "572970916aef051400154ebb": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebc": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebe": "pancake-shaped circular disks", "572970916aef051400154ebd": "pancake-shaped circular disks", "57297103af94a219006aa423": "about thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa424": "about thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa425": "some land plants", "57297103af94a219006aa426": "\u03b2-carotene is a bright red-orange carotenoid", "57297103af94a219006aa427": "zeaxanthin", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": "all colors, though phycoerytherin", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": "all colors", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "all colors", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": "Cryptophyte chloroplasts and some cyanobacteria don'", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "Cryptophyte chloroplasts and some cyanobacteria don'", "572971af6aef051400154ede": "rubisco", "572971af6aef051400154edf": "high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors.", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "Calvin cycle", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "ATP energy", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "C4", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "a four-carbon compound", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "photosynthetic parts of a plant green", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "photosynthetic parts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "the chlorophyll", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "collenchyma tissue", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "10 to 100 chloroplasts", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "stems", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "leaves", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "8\u201315 per cell, as well as much less chlorophyll", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "half a million", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "mesophyll", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "a sheet", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "shelter by aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell's cell wall", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "edge-on. This reduces exposure and protects them from photooxidative damage", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "many", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "hypersensitive response", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "hypersensitive response", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "purposely damaging their photosynthetic system", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa453": "reactive oxygen species are unstable molecules", "57297427af94a219006aa454": "molecules", "57297427af94a219006aa455": "defense-signals", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "the chloroplast that regulate gene expression in the nucleus.", "572974923f37b3190047840b": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": "food in the form of sugars", "572974923f37b3190047840e": "Water", "572974923f37b3190047840f": "Water", "572975073f37b31900478415": "use", "572975073f37b31900478416": "mitochondria", "572975073f37b31900478417": "more", "572975073f37b31900478418": "the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.", "572975073f37b31900478419": "The hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase.", "572975511d046914007794a7": "NADP+", "572975511d046914007794a8": "cyclic photophosphorylation", "572975511d046914007794a9": "the electrons are recycled. Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants", "572975511d046914007794aa": "more ATP", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "Calvin", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "unstable six-carbon molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "3-phosphoglyceric acid", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "one", "572976183f37b31900478431": "glucose", "572976183f37b31900478432": "distorting the grana and thylakoids", "572976183f37b31900478433": "distorting the grana and thylakoids", "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged", "572976183f37b31900478435": "a side effect of another photosynthesis-depressing factor", "572976791d046914007794af": "O2", "572976791d046914007794b0": "the oxygen concentration", "572976791d046914007794b1": "RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis\u2014it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO2, and produces no sugar", "572976791d046914007794b2": "half", "572976791d046914007794b3": "Crassulacean acid metabolism, C4 carbon fixation", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "almost all of a plant cell's amino acids in their stroma", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "cysteine and methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "cysteine and methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "cysteine and methionine", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts are a special type of a plant cell organelle", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": "undifferentiated proplastids", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "apical meristems", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "the formation of starch-storing amyloplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "exposed to the required light", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "a plastid that lacks chlorophyll", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "a plastid that lacks chlorophyll, and has inner membrane invaginations", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "a plastid", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "Gymnosperms", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "pigment-filled", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "a carrot or a potato is illuminated", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "The protein MinD prevents FtsZ from linking up and forming filaments.", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "The Min system manages the placement of the Z-ring, ensuring that the chloroplast is cleaved more or less evenly.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings form.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings form.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "5 nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "5 nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings form.", "572978e66aef051400154f76": "Light", "572978e66aef051400154f78": "exposure to bright white light", "572978e66aef051400154f79": "dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", "572978e66aef051400154f77": "exposure to bright white light", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "developers of genetically modified crops", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "pollen", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "transplastomic plants at 3 in 1,000,000", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "pollen", "57296d571d04691400779413": "no positive divisors", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as a product of primes that is unique up to ordering", "57296d571d04691400779417": "1 as a prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "a", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "The property of being prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "The property of being prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "572970c11d04691400779463": "Euclid around 300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779464": "300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical behaviour of primes in the large", "572970c11d04691400779466": "the probability that a given, randomly chosen", "572970c11d04691400779467": "the prime number theorem", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "every even integer", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "infinitely many", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic aspects of numbers.", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "ography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "algebra", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "No even number greater than 2 is prime because by definition, any such number n has at least three distinct divisors", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "6", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers are multiples of 2 and numbers ending in 0 or 5 are multiples of 5", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "up to 10,006,721", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic (mentioned above) would not hold as stated. For example, the number 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "several properties that the number 1 lacks", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "several properties that the number 1 lacks, such as the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "eliminate all multiples of 1 (that is, all other numbers) and produce as output only the single number 1", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "some", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "the Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid also showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime.", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "a simple method to compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "232 + 1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "primality of a given integer n is called trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "None", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms.", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "general numbers n", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "general numbers n", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "a deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact (Fermat's little theorem", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "there are some composite numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "3", "572985011d04691400779504": "Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "one", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "can have infinitely many primes only when a and q are coprime", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6(1", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... diverges (i.e., exceeds any given number", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "identity", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "1859", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912 are still unsolved. One of them is Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "every sufficiently large even number", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "any even integer can be written as the sum of six primes", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "Polignac", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "Legendre's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Legendre's conjecture states that there is a prime number between n2 and (n + 1)2", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "H", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard's conjecture", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "1970s, when it was publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "teeth", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "a recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "a recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! + 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! + 1", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "a recurring decimal", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "512", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "most of their lives as grubs underground", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "up to 2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "a connected sum of prime knots", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components.", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "prime elements and irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers give rise to two", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "if it is neither zero nor a unit", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "prime element", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "the Gaussian integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 3", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "ideal", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic generalizes to the Lasker\u2013Noether theorem", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "theorem", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "proving quadratic reciprocity", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "the solvability of quadratic equations", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "Certain arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields may be transferred back and forth", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm |\u2212|p yields the field of p-adic numbers", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime)", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "French", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "French", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "\"Neumes rythmiques\"", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations\"", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people.", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people.", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne, Germany", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people.", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "Danube", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people.", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people.", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "Danube", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "R\u0113nos,", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "R\u0113nos", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rheinkilometer)", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Rheinkilometer)", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "natural course", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "The river length", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "Tamins-Reichenau", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Liechtenstein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "sediments", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Gai\u00dfau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "western Rhine Delta", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "Rhine", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "Tuggenersee", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "Lake Constance", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian border", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "Lake Constance", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Obersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "three bodies of water: the Obersee", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "warmer, green waters of Upper Lake", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "Mainau", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "warmer, green waters of Upper Lake", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Mainau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "\"Rhine Gutter", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "the water level", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "river Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "Lake Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "river Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "Lake Constance", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "the \"Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "\"Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "about 300 km long and up to 40 km", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "the \"Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "\"Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "\"Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "huge Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim in Alsace", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "19th", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Main and, later, the Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "Northeastern France", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "Northeastern France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s) and an average width of 400 m (1,300 ft).", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "more than 40", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "70 m3", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Cologne", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "water", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf and Duisburg. Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Cologne", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "30 km downstream of Duisburg, is located the western end of the second east-west shipping route, the Wesel-Datteln Canal", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisburg", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Two thirds", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "the Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "the Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Oude Maas", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "the Pannerdens Kanaal", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas and to the North Sea.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "the Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "the Lek", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "sluice", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Wa", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Beneden Merwede into Noord, and Dordtse Kil, which branches off from Oude Maas.", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip\"", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "Bergse Maas\"", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "Gorinchem to form Merwede", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "archipelago-like estuary", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels for the numerous polders", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "second half of the 20th Century fundamentally.", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "Many rivers have been closed (\"dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "somewhat larger", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Several microplates were caught in the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "the Eurasian and African tectonic plates", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "a N\u2013S rift system", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "the Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Rhone and Danube", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "the Pliocene", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Meuse", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "the Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages.", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "offshore of Brest, France", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "roughly west through the Netherlands", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "dry land", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "Asia", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "northwest Europe", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "present", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "about 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "about 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "peat mining", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "peat formation", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "central Germany", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake.", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "Waal and Nederrijn-Lek", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania.", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "northern", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "Alsace-Lorraine", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "northern section of this frontier, where the Rhine is deep and broad", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Xanten", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Cologne", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "eight legions in five bases along the Rhine", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "\"town of the Ubii\"", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "5th", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "5th", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "rock", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Holy Roman Empire", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "Peace of Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Peace of Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "the Peace of Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "the Peace of Westphalia", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "end of World War I", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "the German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler's rise to power.", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "Seven Days to the River Rhine was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War.", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "the Germans", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "1,320 kilometres (820 miles)", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "by explicitly specifying powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Kingdom", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "the late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "Kilbrandon published his report in 1973 recommending the establishment of a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "rising support for Scottish independence", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "Scottish National Party", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "1979", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "ution", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "new Scottish Parliament Building", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "meeting of the Church's General Assembly", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "Aberdeen", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Glasgow", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge in Edinburgh", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "main hall", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "two", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "one MSP to serve as Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "129 MSPs", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General for Scotland", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "July 1999", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April and October", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Time", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "direct representations", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "the Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "the Parliamentary campus", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "electronic consoles", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "in seconds", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "free votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "according to the party line", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "an MSP who is not a Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "The relevant minister", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee.", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday morning", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "a small number of MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "Mandatory Committees are committees which are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees are committees which are set down under the Scottish Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more) of the departments", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Education and Culture", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Economy, Energy and Tourism", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "infrastructure", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "to hold the Scottish Government", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "19 November", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "the devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the power to pass laws and has limited tax-varying capability. Another of the roles of the Parliament is to hold the Scottish Government to account", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "local government", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "a committee", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "a committee of the Parliament can present a bill in one of the areas under its remit; a member of the Scottish Parliament", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "within the legislative competence", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "introductory", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "Opposition members can table \"wrecking amendments\"", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "the Presiding Officer", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government can refer the bill to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "\"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent on [Date]\"", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "general election", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "less than six months", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "1999", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "the Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "The First Minister or members of the cabinet", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "The First Minister or members of the cabinet", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "11", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues under their jurisdiction", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "The party with the highest quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "all available list seats are allocated.", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "The party with the highest quotient", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Scottish Parliament", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane under the terms of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a majority SNP government", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "16", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on Scottish independence", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "David McLetchie, to the SNP", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "able to vote on domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Political Islam (Arabic: \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u200e isl\u0101m siy\u0101s\u012b)", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "implement Islamic values in all spheres of life.\"", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "\"oscillating between two poles\"", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "Tunisian Ennahda Movement", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks, seeking to abolish the state of Israel", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "Lebanon", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "Taliban", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "violent/offensive jihad or urging and conducting attacks on a religious", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "\"sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\"", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "apolitical", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "an error", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "Hayri Abaza", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "quietist/non-political Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "quietist/non-political Islam", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons\"", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "billions of dollars", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons\"", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "peace with Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "Allah's sake,\" that democracy \"is responsible for all the horrible wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the \"gold standard\"", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "shelters", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "Oxford University press", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "shedding of nationalist differences", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "1972", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "1972", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "1972", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "1972", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "violence or populist policies of the Iranian Revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "educational process or da'wah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an is our constitution,\"", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Arab world", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "Israeli", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "Israeli", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "Israeli", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Ba'athism, Arab socialism, and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "Western governments", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, the Iranian government enjoyed something of a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni \"Arab street,\"", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "jad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "1979", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "thousands", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "the Gulf War", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups that received its aid", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "prestige", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "9/11", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "1970s", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "the 1970s", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Anwar Sadat in 1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "apostate\"", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "\"apostate\"", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "Islamic Group", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "1990s", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "Jamaa Islamiya (or al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya), renounced violence in 2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "\"indulgence\"", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "1988", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "drinking alcohol and going about without hijab", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "1988 Hamas charter took a more uncompromising stand, calling for the destruction of Israel", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "the majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "1979", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "minister of education", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "the military", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "liberal government", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "staying home", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "Soviet Union", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "communist forces", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "the Deobandi movement", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "neighboring Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\" and before that as the \"Islamic State of Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\" and before that as the \"Islamic State of Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "international recognition", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "1999", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "1999", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "1999", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers\" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim public opinion", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "1968 and 1969 in Jordan", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist outlook", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "free rein", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "the State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Robert Gates", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "U.", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "communist ideology", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "empire", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "empire", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "empire", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "diplomacy", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "diplomacy", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "\"physical control or full-fledged colonial rule\". \"Informal imperialism\" is less direct; however, it is still a powerful form of dominance", "57306797396df919000960ee": "uneven trade agreements forcefully", "57306797396df919000960ef": "full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960f0": "the policies of major powers, or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts that cannot be repaid, ownership of private industries", "57306797396df919000960f1": "taking over territories", "573081c2069b531400832133": "Political power grew from conquering land", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "monopoly capitalism", "573081c2069b531400832136": "imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be \u2018sovereignty\u2019, or simply \u2018rule\u2019\"", "573081c2069b531400832137": "imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be \u2018sovereignty\u2019, or simply \u2018rule\u2019\"", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "Robert Young writes that while imperialism operates from the center, is a state policy and is developed for ideological", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "Robert Young", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "Imperialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "conquering the other state's lands", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "exploitation", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "the defense and justification of empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "Halford Mackinder", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "social efficiency", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism\" and a theory of races formed a supposedly rational justification for imperialism.", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", "573088da069b53140083216b": "imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216c": "imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", "573088da069b53140083216e": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", "573088da069b53140083216f": "Royal Geographical Society of London", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "environmental determinism", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "sparse Aboriginal inhabitants", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "Roman law meaning 'empty land", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "Edward Said", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "a", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "irrational and backward in opposition to the rational and progressive West.", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "early Western imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "\"here\" in the West and \"there\" in the East.", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "scramble for Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "extension of French and British power", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "scramble for Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "scramble for Africa", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "The Americas during the pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "India", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants.", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans on foreign popular culture", "57309446396df919000961b8": "1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands", "57309446396df919000961bb": "1700", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "the many imperial powers", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "economic growth by collecting resources from colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the political weakness of the Mughal state", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "Southern Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "1880s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "the British experience", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "1870s by opponents of the allegedly aggressive and ostentatious imperial policies of British prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "Joseph Chamberlain", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "Benjamin Disraeli", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy, and imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1883\u20131950), Thorstein Veblen (1857\u20131929), and Norman Angell (1872\u20131967", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "domestic social reforms", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940), Joseph Schumpeter", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "\"less civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being.", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention from the European empire", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "empires", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "the Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Algeria", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "Germany started to build her own colonial empire", "5730a951069b531400832213": "a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "Christianity", "5730a951069b531400832215": "small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity", "5730a951069b531400832217": "small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "II", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "1000", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "1000 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "Scandinavia", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "1000 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "amorphous area of central Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "the late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Friedrichsruh", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "1905", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "national minorities", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "World War II, the Soviet Union installed socialist regimes modeled on those it had installed in 1919\u201320 in the old Tsarist Empire", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "internationalist ideology", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "socialism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "socialism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "Scramble for Africa", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Scramble for Africa", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "the Anti-Imperialist League", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "the Monroe Doctrine", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "President Wilson", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "Participation in the African slave trade and the subsequent treatment of its 12 to 15 million Africans", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "\"internal colonialism", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32 provinces and numerous vassal states", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "much of Southeast Europe", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "recovering its lost territories", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Istanbul", "5730982f396df919000961e2": "United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "1968", "5730982f396df919000961e5": "1968", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "Wesleyan", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80 million", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "the largest mainline Protestant denomination", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "3.6% of the U.S population, or 9 million", "57309921396df919000961f6": "mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f7": "mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f8": "\"Holy Club", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "1735", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "the American Indians", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "the American Indians", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "salvation by God's grace", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "the American Revolution", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "fellow priest", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "Thomas Coke", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "Old City", "57309adb396df919000961fd": "4th and New Streets, in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States, beginning in 1769", "57309adb396df919000961fe": "1767", "57309adb396df919000961ff": "Dock Street", "57309adb396df91900096200": "1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "St. George's Church in 1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": "1830", "57309d31396df91900096211": "1830", "57309d31396df91900096212": "1844", "57309d31396df91900096213": "1844", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "April 23, 1968", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "\"Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee, in Thy Church and now in The United Methodist Church\"", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "Thy Church and now in The United Methodist Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of the holy catholic (or universal) church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship. The Book of Discipline", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "United Methodist Church is a branch of the Church visible", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "Thomas Vasey", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "two", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Albert C. Outler", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace, or the grace that \"goes before\" us, is given to all people", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Jesus Christ", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "\"goes before\" us, is given to all people", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "sin", "5730aeba069b531400832241": "all people, that we receive by faith and trust in Christ", "5730aeba069b531400832242": "justifying grace", "5730aeba069b531400832243": "conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\"", "5730aeba069b531400832244": "conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\" or being \"born again\". John Wesley originally called this experience the New Birth", "5730aeba069b531400832245": "New Birth", "5730afed069b53140083225f": "enables us to respond to God by leading a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life aimed toward love.", "5730afed069b531400832260": "a", "5730afed069b531400832261": "Wesley", "5730afed069b531400832262": "our neighbors", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "bring holiness into the life of the participating believer.", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "prima scriptura", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "race, gender, and ideology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "United Methodist theology is at once \"catholic, evangelical, and reformed.\"", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "United Methodist Church upholds the sanctity of human life both of the child and the mother.", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "all women", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "mother", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality (TUMAS)", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice at their General Conference, held in May 2012", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "temperance movement", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "2011 and 2012", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "The Use of Money,\"", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "capital punishment", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "marginalized persons including the poor, the uneducated, ethnic and religious minorities, and persons with mental and emotional illnesses.", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "lex talionis in Matthew 5:38-39", "5730b54c069b531400832290": "General Conference", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "United Methodist Church", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "1999", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "2016", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "the Connectional Table", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "UMC", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "same-gender marriages with resolutions", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "1987", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "violating church law by engaging in a lesbian relationship", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "The Baltimore-Washington Conference", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "military action, nor the way of inaction", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "war, or any particular war, and who therefore refuse to serve in the armed forces or to cooperate with systems of military conscription", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ's message and teachings", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "national foreign policy", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "general and complete disarmament", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "Sexual Ethics Task Force of The United Methodist Church states that \"Research shows it [pornography] is not an 'innocent activity", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "physiological", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "IVF", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "stem cells retrieved from umbilical cords and adult stem cells", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "\"opposition to the creation of embryos for the sake of research\"", "5730c059069b531400832305": "John Wesley", "5730c059069b531400832306": "John Wesley himself provided a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", "5730c059069b531400832307": "John Wesley himself provided a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "United Methodist Church in Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "oil", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "Methodist institutions", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "William Booth", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "United Methodist Church", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "seven", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "to elect and appoint bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "Episcopal Areas", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "the Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "South Central Jurisdiction", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "Judicial Council", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "various locations throughout the world", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice a year at various locations throughout the world", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "the geographical", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "are appointed to a local church or other charge annually by the conference's resident Bishop", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "nine", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "three members and no more than nine", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The church conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "officers", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "one hundred", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "International", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "pastors", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Annual Conference Order of Elders. Likewise each deacon in full connection is a member of their Annual Conference Order of Deacons", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "Annual Conference Order of Elders", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "if one is appointed)", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "one year", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "the bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "local church", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "District Superintendents", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons give leadership, preach the Word, contribute in worship", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons assist elders in the sacraments of Holy Communion and Baptism, and may be granted sacramental authority if they are appointed as the pastor", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "sacramental authority", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "sacramental ministry", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "those who seek to be ordained in the respective orders", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor'", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "The licensed local pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "licensing school", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "lay members", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism. Baptized Members are those", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "confirmation", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "transfer from another Christian denomination", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "Baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "adults", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "local church lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "certified lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "annually", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "advanced lay servant course", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals and in the World Evangelical Fellowship", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "2012", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "United Methodist Church has since 1985", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "8 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "8 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "11.4 million", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "John Wesley", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "2006", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "1763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, called the Forks of the Ohio,", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "four", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "Pennsylvania and New York", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia; soon afterward they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war. Between 1758 and 1760", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "Florida", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "King William's War or Queen Anne's War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "Seven Years' War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "part of the Seven Years' War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the French and Indian War", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "1756", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "1756", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Jumonville Glen", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "75,000", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "75,000", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "French", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast, the settlements were growing into the interior. Nova Scotia, which had been captured from France in 1713", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "large areas were dominated by native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "agreements", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops.", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "no French regular army troops", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "about 3,000 troupes de la marine", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British regardless of the French", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "he continued to trade with the British", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "Old Briton\" ignored the warning. Disappointed, C\u00e9loron returned to Montreal in November 1749", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "French", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "brought back.\"", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "Massachusetts Bay, was particularly forceful, stating that British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present.", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "mouth of the Monongahela River", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The treaty was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "1748", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "300", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "party", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "military action", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things.\"", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "Jacques", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrec\u0153ur", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "40", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "scouting party", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Fort Duquesne and met with the Mingo leader.", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "the support of the British and regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "Major General", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "Word of the British military", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "Albany Congress in June and July, 1754", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "Fort Duquesne", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops, led by George Washington, retreated to Virginia", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "Charles Lawrence", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "December 1755", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Quebec", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "French regular army", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Scouts", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Lake Ontario", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Oswego in August", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "disposition of prisoners' personal effects", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "attack on New France's capital, Quebec", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "massacre", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg.", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "parole", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "the St. Lawrence", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "the Duke of Cumberland", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "1757", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "1758 campaign that was largely developed by Loudoun", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616df": "Battle of Carillon", "573403394776f419006616e0": "Jeffery Amherst", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "invasion of Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "Pitt", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "Fort Niagara", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "1760", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "General Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property,", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "The British", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "The British", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "The British resettled many Acadians throughout its North American provinces", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "France", "57340a094776f41900661780": "The British", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "west of the Appalachian Mountains to its Indian population", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "most", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "the construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish takeover of the Louisiana territory (which was not completed until 1769", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "elimination of French power in North America", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "stationary and moving objects and simple machines, but thinkers such as Aristotle and Archimedes", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton.", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "atoms", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "four", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "four", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "a more fundamental electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "earth and water", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly of the elements earth and water", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus.", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus. Galileo", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "fundamental equilibrium \"natural state\" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the \"natural state of rest\"", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "By making rest physically indistinguishable from non-zero constant velocity, Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "every inertial frame of reference", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "air", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "a constant velocity", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "a gravitating object, were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames. This is why, for example, astronauts experience weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "planet Earth is what fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year", "573750f51c45671900574467": "direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "General relativity offers an equivalence between space-time and mass, but lacking a coherent theory", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "fixed", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "presence of different objects", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "all forces are interactions between different bodies", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "a unidirectional force", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "a unidirectional force or a force that acts on only one body", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "unbalanced", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed system of particles, there are no internal forces", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "unbalanced", "573766251c45671900574471": "an intuitive understanding for describing forces.", "573766251c45671900574472": "temperature), the intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using precise operational definitions", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "experimentation", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "two people are pulling on the same rope", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "tug of war or the two people could be pulling in the same direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "point particle", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "the forces are acting on an extended body, their respective lines of application", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "the net force)", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "ninety degrees to each other have no effect on the magnitude or direction of the other.", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "the original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "ninety degrees", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "frictional surface", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "table surface", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "weighing scales and spring balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight. Using such tools, some quantitative force laws were discovered: that the force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "a mariner", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "mariner", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction. In such a situation, a force is applied in the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "zero net force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "zero net force", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "\"quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "quantum mechanics", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "the spin, identical particles split into two different classes, fermions and bosons.", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "two identical fermions (e.g. electrons", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "two identical fermions (e.g. electrons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "4", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "\"fundamental interactions\"", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "a", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "The electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "very short distances", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism.", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "the work of Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "Moon", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "the mass () and the radius () of the Earth to the gravitational acceleration", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal.", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "the orbit of the planet Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "the ballistic trajectory", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "the curvature of space-time can be observed and the force is inferred from the object's curved path.", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "the electrostatic force (due to the electric field", "57378e311c456719005744af": "1864 when James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "Oliver Heaviside", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "Josiah Willard Gibbs", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "nonexistence", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "energy", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "a structural force", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "a structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "nuclear force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "atomic nuclei", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "heavy W and Z bosons", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "indistinguishable", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "atoms at close contact", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "tables and floors", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "physical direction", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "the conservation of mechanical energy since the work done on the load is the same no matter how complicated the machine.", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "another factor of the tension force in the string acts on the load.", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects.", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure and forces that act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object.", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "The stress tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "the stress-tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "shear", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "stress-tensor", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "angle", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "the tangential force", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic or potential forms", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "potential forms", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "the net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "the difference in potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "difference in potential energy", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "atoms", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces other than friction include other contact forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "transfer of heat", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "pound-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "newton", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "standard gravity" }