{ "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "Denver Broncos", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "50", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "Arabic", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "Arabic numerals 50.", "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "gold", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "Arabic", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": "February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "Arabic", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "February 7, 2016", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "Arabic numerals 50.", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "Arabic", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "Arabic", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Arabic", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "Arabic", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "Carolina Panthers 24\u201310", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "Arabic", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "Arabic", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "Arabic numerals 50.", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "champion of the National Football League (NFL)", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "Arabic", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "Denver Broncos", "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "Carolina Panthers", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "Arabic numerals 50.", "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "Arabic", "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "Arabic numerals 50.", "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "Arabic numerals 50.", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "50", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "50", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": "Cam Newton", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "eight", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": "12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "12\u20134", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "15\u20131", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "12\u20134", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "New England Patriots", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "15\u20131", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20\u201318", "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "Cam Newton", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20\u201318", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "Cam Newton", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "15\u20131", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "Von Miller", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Von Miller", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "five", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "Newton", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "seven", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": "Von Miller", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": "three", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": "linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "five", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": "two", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": "Von Miller", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": "five", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "seven", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "three", "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "three", "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "Von Miller", "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": "seven", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": "three", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "Von Miller", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "five", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "$5 million", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "Coldplay", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "CBS", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "$5 million", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "$5 million", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "third", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "$5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "British", "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56d602631c85041400946eda": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946edc": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": "CBS", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "CBS", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": "Roger Goodell", "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "NFL", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "2012", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "Roger Goodell", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "spectacular", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "spectacular", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "Roger Goodell", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "2012", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "The league", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Mercedes-Benz", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "Sun Life", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "three", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "three", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "The league", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "The league", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "Sun Life Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "Sun Life Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "Super Bowl XLIV", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "May 3, 2013", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "Levi's Stadium", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "Super Bowl XLIV", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "the Florida legislature", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "May 21, 2013", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": "May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "2014", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "$1.2 billion", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "2003", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "May 21, 2013", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "$1.2 billion", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "2003", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "1985", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "2014", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "2003", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "2014", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "$1.2 billion", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "2003", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "15\u20131 record", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "15\u20131", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "one", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "one", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss, and one of only six", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "one loss", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "John Fox", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "DeAngelo Williams", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "15\u20131", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "Ten", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "eight", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "14\u20130", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "14", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "torn ACL", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "DeAngelo Williams", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "1978", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "14\u20130", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Ten", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "six", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "27", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Greg Olsen", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions, and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4.", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "99.4.", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "77", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "39", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "Jonathan Stewart", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "six", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "99.4.", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions, and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4.", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "989 rushing yards", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "500 points", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions, and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4.", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions, and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4.", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99.4", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "39", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "308 points", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "11", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "118", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "Kawann Short led the team in sacks with 11", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "24", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "Thomas Davis", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "Luke Kuechly", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly.", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly.", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136, along with defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "136", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "four", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "Week 17", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "Wade Phillips", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "39", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "Week 17", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "plantar fasciitis injury in his heel", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "he turned 39", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "Week 17 regular season finale, where the Broncos were losing 13\u20137", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "1998", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "left foot", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "Wade Phillips", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "67.9", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "2", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "Demaryius Thomas", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions.", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4. Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "67.9", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "2", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions.", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "receiver", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "67.9", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "67.9 passer rating, throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions.", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Demaryius Thomas", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "Running", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "67.9", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "17", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "C. J. Anderson", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "Running back Ronnie Hillman also made a big impact with 720 yards, five touchdowns, 24 receptions, and a 4", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "Malik Jackson", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "Chris Harris", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Linebacker DeMarcus Ware was selected to play in the Pro Bowl", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "Malik Jackson", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "296", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "Brandon Marshall", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "Chris Harris", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "three", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "Brandon Marshall", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "Seattle Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "49\u201315", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "seven", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "seven", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "11 points", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "New England Patriots", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "11 points in the final three minutes", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "23\u201316", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "11 points in the final three minutes", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "New England Patriots", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17 seconds", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "he", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11 points", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "20\u201318", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20\u201318", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17 seconds", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "he insisted he would still find a way to play in the Super Bowl", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "John Elway", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "Peyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "39", "56d704430d65d214001982de": "two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "39", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "39", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "Peyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "39", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "Peyton Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "1998", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "13 years and 48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "13 years and 48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "Manning", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "Manning", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "13 years and 48 days", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "This was the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes.", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "1998", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "Manning", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Newton", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "2011", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "13 years and 48 days", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "13 years and 48 days", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "linebacker", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "linebacker with the Chicago Bears", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "linebacker", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Elway", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Rivera having been a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak replacing Elway", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "linebacker", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Rivera having been a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak replacing Elway", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "Rivera", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "linebacker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Ed Mangan", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal, although the field has not had any major issues since.", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "Justin", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "of a high enough quality", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "their cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "slip and miss", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "natural grass", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319.", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "silver", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319.", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "white uniforms.\" The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "white", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.\" The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "blue", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "orange", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "matching white pants", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "San Jose State practice facility", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Stanford", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose State practice facility", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Stanford", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "San Jose State practice facility", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Stanford University", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "Stanford", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "2014", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Super Bowl XLV", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "gold", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "week 7", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the \"Golden Super Bowl", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the \"Golden Super Bowl", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "Ed Lee", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Jane Kim", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "1 million", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week. San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "the Moscone Center", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "the Moscone Center", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Embarcadero", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "1 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "$5 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "NFL Experience", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "beer, wine and food festival", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "$2 million", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "week", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "2 million", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "pep rally", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council to help fund the event.", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "Bellomy Field", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": "the city council", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "$2 million", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "the city council", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "February 1, 2016", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "SAP Center", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "SAP Center", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "SAP Center", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "SAP Center in San Jose", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Tuesday afternoon", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "February 1, 2016", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "SAP Center", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "February 1, 2016", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Business Connect", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "$40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Business Connect", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "Business Connect", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Google", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "Business Connect", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "$40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "$40 million", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "Business Connect", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Business Connect", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "$40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "the 50 fund", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "25 percent", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "youth development, community investment and sustainable environments", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "vowed to be \"the most giving Super Bowl ever\"", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "25 percent", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "the 50", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25 percent", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "community investment and sustainable environments", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Vince Lombardi", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany & Co", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50 will also receive a large, 18-karat", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Tiffany & Co", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Vince Lombardi", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany & Co", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "CBS", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "36", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "5K", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "Evan Washburn", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "5K", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "CBS", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "Evan Washburn", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "5K", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "5K resolution", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "CBS and the NFL", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "SportsCenter", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "December 28, 2015", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "third", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "third", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "third", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "Monday Night Football", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "NFL Mobile", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "WatchESPN", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBS", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "CBS", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "CBS", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "CBS", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "NFL Mobile service", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "NFL", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "NFL Mobile service", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "James Corden", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "Stephen Colbert following the game. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "$5,000,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "InBev", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "20th", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "$5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Crash the Super Bowl\" contest", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "v", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Crash the Super Bowl\" contest", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "InBev", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "Crash the Super Bowl\" contest that allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad.", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game\" contest", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30-second", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "nine", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "QuickBooks sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "nine", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "30-second commercial aired free of charge", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "nine", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "30-second commercial aired free of charge", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "Jason Bourne", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "20th Century Fox", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets and the debut trailer for Jason Bourne", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "20th Century Fox", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "20th Century Fox", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "20th Century Fox", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "20th Century Fox", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Fox", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Westwood One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "James Lofton", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Dan Fouts", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "Westwood One", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "Jim Gray", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "KOA (850 AM) and KRFX", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "Dave Logan", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "Chester", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "99", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "Dave Logan", "56d724620d65d214001983be": "Dave Logan", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Ed McCaffrey", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "Chester", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "Dave Logan", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "Dave Logan", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "Chester", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "BBC", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "39 of the 43", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Peyton Manning", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "Peyton Manning", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "2001", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "Harvey Martin", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "Peyton Manning", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "Harvey Martin", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "American Sign Language", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "American Sign Language (ASL", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "American Sign Language (ASL", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Marlee Matlin", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Lady Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "December 3", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "Bruno Mars", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "Hymn for the Weekend\"", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Mark Ronson", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "Bruno Mars", "56d725790d65d214001983da": "January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press", "56d725790d65d214001983db": "single \"Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "Bruno Mars", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "\"Hymn for the Weekend\"", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Bruno Mars", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "linebacker Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "Brandon McManus", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "linebacker Shaq Thompson", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "Brandon McManus", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "deficit", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Owen Daniels", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "20 yards", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "deficit", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "Mike Carey", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "Cam Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "linebacker Von Miller", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Malik Jackson", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "Mike Carey", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "linebacker Von Miller", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "linebacker Von Miller knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him, and Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "Malik Jackson", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "Mike Carey", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "linebacker Von Miller", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "Malik Jackson", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Jonathan Stewart", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "both teams", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "28", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "61", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "33", "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51 yards", "56d729180d65d21400198427": "Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137", "56d729180d65d21400198428": "11:28", "56d729180d65d21400198429": "Norwood", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "McManus", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "Jonathan Stewart", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "linebacker Danny Trevathan recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line.", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "DeMarcus Ware", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "DeMarcus Ware", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "safety", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "defensive end Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it, returning the ball 19 yards to the Panthers 39-yard line", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "DeMarcus Ware", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "McManus", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "Graham Gano", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "Graham Gano", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "Trevathan recovered it to enable Denver to keep possession.", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "Corey Brown", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "Graham Gano hit the uprights", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "safety T. J. Ward", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "Trevathan", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Corey Brown", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "26-yard line", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "Graham Gano", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "Ealy", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "41-yard line", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "41-yard line", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "41-yard line", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "Ealy", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "Ealy", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "punt", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ealy", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "41-yard line", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "regulation", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "soon faced 3rd-and-9", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "cornerback Josh Norman", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Miller", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Miller", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "cornerback Josh Norman", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "24-yard line", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Miller", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Ward", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "Miller", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Anderson", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "six", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns.", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "four", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "the NFC title game", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "Manning finished the game 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns.", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns.", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "zero touchdowns.", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Anderson", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "the NFC title game", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "Anderson", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "11", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "Manning finished the game 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns.", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "Defensive End Charles Johnson had four", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "200 yards", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21 to 11", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. Only seven other teams had ever gained less than 200 yards", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "yards", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21 to 11", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "seven", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "Baltimore Ravens", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "21 to 11). Their 194 yards and 11 first downs", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "seven sacks tied a Super Bowl record set by the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX. Kony Ealy", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "seven other teams had ever gained less than 200 yards", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "15.5 ha", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "About 15 kilometres (9 miles)", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "it", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "1,178,914 inhabitants 833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "Russian", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "University Library", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Three-Year", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "metro", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI)", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "10-floor building with 700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "The infrastructure has developed a lot over the past years", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "the Palace of Culture and Science", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "festivals", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "for Wreaths", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "to", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern flower", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "the world's first Museum of Posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "set", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "the Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre, the Warsaw Fotoplastikon", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "about 500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "artists", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "2011", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "they", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000. They also won the country\u2019s championship in 1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "their disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid (syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "sword", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "Warszowa, where fishermen came to admire her beauty and listen to her beautiful voice.", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "ago", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "he followed the fishermen and captured", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "Tadeusz \u0141empicki", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "Economist", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Krak\u00f3w to Warsaw in 1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history.", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "the Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "King Sigismund's Column", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "\"belonging to Warsz\"", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "Warcis\u0142aw; see also etymology of Wroc\u0142aw.", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "Warcis\u0142aw; see also etymology of Wroc\u0142aw.", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1529", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia.", "57332a734776f41900660727": "the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon", "57332a734776f41900660729": "a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia.", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "Germany from 4 August 1915", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "Germany", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Germany", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "the General Government, a German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand, some 30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "as part of Hitler's \"Final Solution\" on 19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Warsaw", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "AK)", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000 and 200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "the \"Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated housing projects", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "the Palace", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II's visits to his native country in 1979 and 1983", "573330444776f41900660759": "solidarity movement", "573330444776f4190066075a": "1983", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "1979 and 1983", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "the Carpathian Mountains", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "the Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "75.6 metres (248.0 ft", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "height 75.6 metres", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "Warsaw Escarpment", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "Aeolian sand with a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace.", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "flood plain terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "once", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace. These are mainly forested areas (pine forest).", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation, rebuilding began as in other cities of the communist-ruled PRL", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "basic design typical of Eastern bloc", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", "573361404776f4190066093e": "14th century)", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1562", "573361404776f41900660940": "1596\u20131619", "573362b94776f41900660974": "noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", "573362b94776f41900660976": "1712\u20131721), Palace of the Four Winds", "573362b94776f41900660977": "Visitationist Church (fa\u00e7ade 1728\u20131761", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "socialist realism style", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "socialist realism style (like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris).", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "socialist realism style (like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris).", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "children who served as messengers and frontline troops", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "at the ramparts of the Old Town", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", "573368044776f41900660a29": "the Botanic Garden", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "airport", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "Ogr\u00f3d Zoologiczny", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "the \u0141azienki park", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "better", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "there are no limitations to residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "a multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years.", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "Jan Andrzej Menich (1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "the mayor of the district Centrum", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "MasterCard Emerging Market Index has noted Warsaw's economic strength and commercial center. Moreover, Warsaw was ranked as the 7th greatest emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN, 111696 PLN per capita, which was 301,1 % of Polish average.", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Colombia", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "The license for the production of the Aveo", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Warszawa", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "the Vistula River", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "2.666 million residents", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "the Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "first half of the 10th century", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Normaund", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "offered Rollo and his men the French lands between the river Epte and the Atlantic coast", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Rollo and his men the French lands between the river Epte", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "the 880s", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "The descendants of Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives would replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism (Christianity)", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "The Normans thereafter adopted the growing feudal doctrines of the rest of France, and worked them into a functional hierarchical system in both Normandy and in England", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "Prince Guaimar III begged them to stay, but they refused and instead offered to tell others back home of the prince's request.", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "the Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "William Iron Arm", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "William Iron Arm", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "the Normans eventually captured Sicily and Malta from the Saracens", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Kitab Rudjdjar\" (\"The Book of Roger\").", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger\")", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "Byzantines, Arabs, and Lombards", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Armenia", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Asia Minor", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Syria", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Italo-Normans in those cities while Amalfi and Bari were under Norman rule in Italy.", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Italo-Norman", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "is", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Mili at the banks of the river Deabolis", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185, when a large Norman army", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Adriatic", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "1185, when a large Norman army", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Emma", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "1013", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Emma", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "the Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "In 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "the Anglo-Saxons", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "the Normans merged with the natives", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Pale", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland.", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III of Scotland", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Davidian Revolution", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "William's most trusted Norman barons", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "In April 1191 Richard the Lion-hearted", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "Acre", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "1 May 1191, Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Limassol", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver chains", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre", "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12 May 1191", "56de41504396321400ee2716": "Cyprus", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1489", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "the Knights Templar", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "the 10th and 13th centuries and survives today through the legal systems of Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two customaries in Latin by two judges for use by them and their colleagues: These are the Tr\u00e8s ancien coutumier", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches, particularly over windows and doorways, and massive proportions", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Sicily", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "in the early 11th century the dukes began a programme of church reform, encouraging the Cluniac reform of monasteries", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "The church was utilised by the dukes as a unifying force for their disparate duchy", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "a tapestry but a work of embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "capitals", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th century", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "southern Italy, where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "a tradition of singing", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "alternating current", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "1884", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "1884", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "Thomas Edison", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "Thomas", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "AC induction motor and transformer", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "high-voltage, high-frequency power", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "Tesla", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "Tesla", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "Wardenclyffe Tower", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "1943", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "his achievements and showmanship", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "a series of New York hotels", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "an archetypal \"mad scientist\"", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "money", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "1960", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "achievements and showmanship", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "showmanship", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence.", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "eidetic memory", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "\u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107), whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "\u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107), whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "fourth", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Milka, Angelina and Marica", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "fourth", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "Austrian Empire, where Tesla's father worked as a pastor", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "German", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "cheating", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "1870, Tesla moved to Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "nine months", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "despair", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "nine months", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "promised to send him to the best engineering school", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "1874", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "hunter's garb", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "1874", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "He", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "1874", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "Gra\u010dac", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "Gra\u010dac", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Austrian Polytechnic", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1879", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship.", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship.", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Graz", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1879", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "gambling", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "1879", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "December 1878", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "December 1878, Tesla left Graz", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "24 March 1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "24 March 1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "60", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "a stroke", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "24 March 1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "60", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "Charles-Ferdinand", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "lectures", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "Charles-Ferdinand", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "January 1880", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "Gospi\u0107", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "Gospi\u0107 for Prague where he was to study.", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "two of Tesla's uncles", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "chief electrician", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "a telephone repeater or amplifier", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "chief electrician", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "1882", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City:57\u201360", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "1882", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "57\u201360", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "Edison, saying that he was only joking", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "US$10 a week raise", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "Robert Lane", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "Edison", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "Edison", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Robert Lane", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "The investors", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "a ditch digger", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "winter of 1886/1887", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "control of the patents he had generated since he had assigned them to the company in lieu of stock", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "$2", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "investors", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Charles F. Peck", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "April 1887", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "Tesla", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "In late 1886", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "Alfred S. Brown", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "Alfred S. Brown", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "Alfred S. Brown", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "an induction motor that ran on alternating current", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "a commutator", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "sparking", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "induction motor that ran on alternating current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "alternating current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "alternating current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "a commutator", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "May 1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "a friend and publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "Tesla had a viable AC motor", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "alternating current", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "Engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "Italian", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "polyphase", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "polyphase induction motor and transformer", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "one year", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "polyphase induction motor", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "polyphase induction motor and transformer", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "July 1888", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "Pittsburgh labs", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "alternating current", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "a DC traction motor", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "1888", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "War of Currents", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "Edison", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "alternating current", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "alternating current", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "alternating current", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "George Westinghouse", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "alternating current", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "George Westinghouse", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "1893, George Westinghouse", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "Richard", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "General Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "Richard", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "In 1893", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "1896", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "General Electric, backed by financier J. P. Morgan, involved in takeover attempts and patent battles with Westinghouse Electric.", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "$2.50", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "$200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "patent battles", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "$200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "AC patent, which bankers considered a financial strain on the company (at that point Westinghouse had paid out an estimated $200,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "35", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "South Fifth Avenue", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "South Fifth Avenue", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "On 30 July 1891, at the age of 35", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "the Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "35", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "South Fifth Avenue", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE, from 1892 to 1894", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Tesla served as a vice president", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "a vice president", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "a vice president", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "Tesla served as a vice president", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "radiant energy of \"invisible\" kinds", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "$50,000", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "1894", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "the metal locking screw on the camera lens.:134", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "1894, Tesla began investigating what he referred to as radiant energy of \"invisible\" kinds", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "kinds", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "damaged film", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's December 1895", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "after hearing of Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography)", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "In March 1896", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "bremsstrahlung", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "In March 1896", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "his own design that had no target electrode", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "bremsstrahlung or braking radiation).", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "various causes", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "Roentgen rays, but by the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "force-free magnetic fields", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "Roentgen rays, but by the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "X-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "Roentgen rays, but by the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Benjamin Lamme", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "1893", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "Westinghouse Electric started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the \"Tesla Polyphase System\"", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "the Egg of Columbus", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "11 July 1934", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "New York Herald Tribune", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "New York Herald Tribune", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "his \"electric gun", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "National Electric Light Association", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "the Tesla Coil", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "In 1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "radio", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "radio-controlled torpedo", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "In 1900", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Guglielmo Marconi", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "1943", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "1943", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "On 17 May 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Colorado Springs", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "15 June 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "five inches long, but very thick and noisy", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "stationary waves", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "artificial lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "artificial lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "15 miles away", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "100 feet", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "electrified, swirling in circles with blue halos of St. Elmo's fire", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "a power station generator, causing a power outage", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "burned out", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "heavy sparks to jump through the windings and destroy the insulation", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "heavy sparks to jump through the windings", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "communications from another planet", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "1... 2... 3...\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "S", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "$100,000", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "7 January 1900", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "1904", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "The Colorado experiments", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "Shoreham", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "Shoreham", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Morgan", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Morgan still owed Tesla money on the original agreement", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "Tesla", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "50", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "December 1901, Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland, terminating Tesla's relationship with Morgan", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "Wardenclyffe. Tesla continued the project for another nine months. The tower was erected to its full 187 feet (57 m", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "16,000 rpm", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "16,000 rpm", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u20131911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "Allan L. Benson\u2014was published in World Today", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "in a few weeks", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "the application of electricity", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "1912", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "William", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "overseas investors", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "$20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "$20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "World War I, Tesla sought overseas investors", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "August 1917", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "fluorescent screen", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "he was dreaming correctly.", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "\u00c9mile Girardeau, who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "refused the prize.:245", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "announced a winner", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "$20,000", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "Edison did receive one of 38", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "Edison", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "1,655,114", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "1928", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "less than $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "turbine engines in rotor aircraft.", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company began paying Tesla $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "bad publicity", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "a method of transmitting mechanical energy", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "loss", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "minimal loss", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "In 1935", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "hotel", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "three", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "tungsten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "a little time will pass before I", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "charged particle beam weapons", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions of volts", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "all war", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "steal", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "teleforce weapon", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "His room had been entered and his papers had been scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "86", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943, at the age of 86, Tesla died alone in room 3327", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "maid Alice Monaghan", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "maid Alice Monaghan after she had entered Tesla's room, ignoring the \"do not disturb", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "coronary thrombosis", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "nothing", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "two thousand people attended a state funeral for Tesla at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "two thousand", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "Charlotte Muzar", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "80", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "Nikola Tesla Museum", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "300", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "300", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "United States, Britain, and Canada", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "300", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "8:10 p.m", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "8:10 p.m", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "9", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "headwaiter", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day. He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": "one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "Arthur", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "one", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "$2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room to nurse back to health", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "tall", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "6 feet 2 inches", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "1888 to about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "6 feet 2 inches", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "eight", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "visions", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "33", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "visions", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "photographic memory", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "84 hours", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "Graz", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "3", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "208", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "his chastity", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "married", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "end of his life, he told a reporter, \"Sometimes I feel that by not marrying, I made too great a sacrifice to my work", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy Skerrit", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "asocial", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "asocial", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "poet", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "Mark Twain", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "George Sylvester Viereck, a poet, writer, mystic, and later, a Nazi propagandist", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "harsh", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "secretary", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "because of her weight", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "secretary", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "Tesla", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "electrical energy", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "electrical energy", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "antagonistic", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "conversion of matter into energy.", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "81, claimed in a letter to have completed a \"dynamic theory of gravity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "curved space", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "81", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "Tesla", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "pity", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "Tesla", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "20 December 1914). Tesla believed that the League of Nations", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science and Discovery", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "the League of Nations", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Orthodox Christian", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "religious fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "Buddhism", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "\"A Machine to End War\"", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "1937", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "David Hatcher Childress; and The Tesla Papers", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "David Hatcher Childress; and The Tesla Papers", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "Ben Johnston", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "Nikola Tesla.", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Nikola Tesla", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Time", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "Time magazine", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "Time magazine put him on its cover. The cover caption \"All the world's his power house\"", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "Albert Einstein", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "principle", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "the amount of communication (used in communication complexity), the number of gates", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "significant resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "appropriately restricted resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "appropriately restricted resources", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "rather concrete utterance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "output", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "the output", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000 kilometres", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "computational problems and not particular problem instances", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "a string over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "string", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "computational problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "their adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "instances whose output is yes, and the non-members are those instances whose output is no", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "the algorithm is said to accept the input string", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "an arbitrary graph", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "the set of all connected graphs", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "a computational problem where a single output (of a total function", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single output (of a total function", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "decision problem", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the set of triples", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "increase in the input size", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "a function of n. Since the time taken on different inputs of the same size can be different, the worst-case time complexity T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "T(n) is a polynomial in n", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a general computing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "there exists a Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "the Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "a fixed set of rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "an extra supply of random bits", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "state", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "random access machines", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "computational model", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "branching", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "time", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer (\"yes\" or \"no\")", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "difficulty", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME(f(n))", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time f(n) if there exists a Turing machine operating in time f(n) that solves the problem.", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity resources", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "time and space", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "circuit", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure)", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "The best, worst and average case complexity", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "O(n2)", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "space consumption", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "the field of analysis of algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "the minimum amount of time", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "there is a particular algorithm with running time at most", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "there is a particular algorithm with running time at most T(n).", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "big O notation one would write T(n) = O(n2)", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "big O notation", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "f(n)", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "a multi-tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "within polynomial time", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "bound", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "Many important complexity classes", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "quantum", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive proof systems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "relaxing the requirements on (say) computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "they", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time and space hierarchy theorems form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes.", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "transformation", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "an algorithm for Y, X is no more difficult than Y", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "There", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "log-space", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "reduction", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "every problem in C can be reduced to X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "any problem in C", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "the set of NP-hard problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "the class of NP-complete problems contains the most difficult problems in NP", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "they are the ones most likely not to be in P", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "not", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "P = NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "each problem in P is also member of the class NP", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "whether P equals NP", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "P \u2260 NP", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "They", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic.", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "whether two finite graphs are isomorphic", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "not NP-complete", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "level", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "k", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, etc.", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal to co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "not equal then P is not equal to NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "P", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "long", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "NP-complete problems", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP is not the same as P, then the NP-complete problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "P", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "Alan Turing in 1936", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\"", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "Juris Hartmanis", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "Edmonds", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "discussion abstract enough to be independent of the choice of encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems\"", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "study of pedagogy", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "university or college", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "lesson plan", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "literacy and numeracy", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "literacy", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "transient", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "family", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "the Quran, Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "the Quran, Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "teachers", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Chartered", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "a status in some societies on a par with physicians, lawyers, engineers, and accountants (Chartered or CPA", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "supervisors", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular activities", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "extracurricular activities", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "teacher's colleges", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "to serve and protect the public interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "to serve and protect the public interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "the standards of practice", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "teachers in publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "Teaching Unions", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "publicly funded schools", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "setting out clear standards of practice", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "teachers in publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "a tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "a tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": "a tutor", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "field trips", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "internet", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "a course of study", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority. The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority. The teacher may interact with students of different ages", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "standardized", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "assessing the educational levels of the students on particular skills", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students and differentiates for the individual students accordingly.", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "inspire the bored", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "to pressure the lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws,", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "most of the week", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "a teacher who stays with them for most of the week", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "they act as form tutor", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "they act as form tutor", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "security", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "platoon", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "Students still derive a strong sense of security", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "platoon", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "most of the United States", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching has also become a new trend amongst educational institutions", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two or more", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "learning", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "two", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "reach their full cognitive potential", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "a child was in school", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "substitute parent", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "school discipline", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "Most Western countries", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "1977 which held that paddling did not violate the US Constitution", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "to cause physical pain", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "a specially made wooden paddle", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "caning", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "Official corporal punishment, often by caning", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": "Official corporal punishment, often by caning", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "detention", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "Singapore", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "at a given time in the school day", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "write lines or a punishment essay, or sit quietly", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "lines", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "North America", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "respect", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "assertive", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "high standards", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "the weakness in school discipline", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "confrontational", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "many teachers find the students unmanageable and do not enforce discipline", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": "Although, officially, schools have extremely rigid", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "40 to 50", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "little opportunity for concentration", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": "motivated students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "maintaining order in the classroom can divert the teacher from instruction, leaving little opportunity for concentration", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "popularly", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike.", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "persuasion and negotiation", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike.", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "good, clear laws", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can affect a positive learning experience", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "their passion", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "by rote", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "higher", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "enthusiasm", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "lecture material", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "demonstrative gesturing", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "enthusiasm", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "demonstrative gesturing", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "enthusiasm and energy", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "teacher enthusiasm may facilitate higher levels of intrinsic motivation", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "beneficial relations with their students", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "his superior", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "his student in aligning his personal goals", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "student motivation", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "a willingness to play", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "friendly and supportive", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "friendly", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation and decision making, allow humor into their classroom, and demonstrate a willingness to play", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "enthusiastic", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "enthusiastic about the subject matter they are teaching. For example, a teacher talking about chemistry", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "excitement", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be very influential", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "enthusiastic about the subject matter they are teaching. For example, a teacher talking about chemistry needs to enjoy the art of chemistry", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "9.6%", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts.", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "sexual misconduct", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "any", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "teacher", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "0.3%", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "0.3%", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": "Debra LaFave", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "Debra LaFave", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "profession", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "child protection and parental rights groups", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "Fears of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "sex offenders register", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "occupational burnout", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "organizational change", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42%", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "twice", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "double the rate of anxiety, depression", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "There are several ways to mitigate the occupational hazards", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "counseling", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "Organizational", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "a university or college", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "certification", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "completion of high school", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": "psychiatric evaluation", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "the individual states and territories", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "three", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "universities and/or TAFE colleges", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "three-tier", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "Bachelor's Degree", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Bachelor's Degree", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector, businesses and sponsors", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "Lehramtstudien", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "Lehramtstudien", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Grundschule", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "the civil servants' salary index scale", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Hauptschule), middle level secondary schools (Realschule) and higher level secondary schools (Gymnasium", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Extra pay is also given for teaching through the Irish language", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "\u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "many years experience and several qualifications (M.A., H.Dip., etc.) could earn over \u20ac90,000", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "the Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council; under Section 30", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "the Teaching Council", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "2006", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "a phased", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "those who refuse vetting \"cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September 2007", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "\u00a32", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "bachelor's degree", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "alternative licensing programs", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "hard-to-fill", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "the General Teaching Council", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "seven", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "a programme of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) at one of the seven Scottish Universities", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "a year", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a320,427", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a332,583", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "\u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "Chartered Teacher Status", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "medium of Welsh", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "the age of 16.", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "22 per cent", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "members of trade unions", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "younger", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "2005 and 2010", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "ATL, NUT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "2005 and 2010", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "substitute/temporary", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "ten years", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "charter schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "No Child Left Behind", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "$51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "$51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "$51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "$39,259", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "$51,009", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "the Roman Church", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "Protestant", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "the Pope of Rome", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "Protestant and Non-Denominational traditions, which boundaries can be blurred with the more typically Roman \"confessor", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "the teacher", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "a trusted friend, who may hold any office, from Elder to Bishop", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "patriarchal blessing", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "patriarchal blessing", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "father of the house", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "a guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "a guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "control", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "a guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "a Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "a Tulku", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living according to the Sunnah and Ahadith", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "who teach of the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living according to the Sunnah and Ahadith", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "Ahadith", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "actions-oriented, e.g. the Five Pillars", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "a Qutb", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": "10 November 1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "10 November 1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "the Late Medieval Catholic Church", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "freedom from God's punishment for sin", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "Martin", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "Luther", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "Lutheran", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "the Pope", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "the Bible", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "a holy priesthood", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "the Tyndale Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "singing", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "Katharina von Bora", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Eisleben", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": "Eisleben, Saxony", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "four", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "1501", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "four", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "Erfurt", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "master's degree in 1505", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "law school at the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "Bartholomaeus Arnoldi von Usingen", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "God", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "During a thunderstorm", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "2 July 1505, he was returning to university on horseback after a trip home.", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "2", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "two friends", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther's education", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "Augustinian order", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "Augustinian", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "Augustinian order", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "He taught that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments but rather a change of heart", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "1507", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg, sent for Luther, to teach theology", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "Peter Lombard", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "Doctor in Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Doctor in Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "Doctor of Theology", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "Doctor of Theology", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "1516", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman Catholic theology stated that faith alone, whether fiduciary or dogmatic", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "faith alone, whether fiduciary or dogmatic", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "works", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "Ninety-Five", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "scholarly objection to church practices", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "Thesis 86", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "Johann Tetzel that \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Johann Tetzel", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "forgiveness was God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "He", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "account of such false assurances", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": "Tetzel", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "his capacity to exaggerate", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "his capacity to exaggerate. Yet if Tetzel overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "Catholic", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "it has settled as one of the pillars of history, has little foundation in truth. The story is based on comments made by Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "posting on the door", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "January 1518", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "weeks", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": "months", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "This early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive. Three of his best-known works were published in 1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "Three", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "From 1510 to 1520", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "several of the central truths of Christianity", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "corrupt in its ways and had lost sight of what he saw as several of the central truths of Christianity", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "several of the central truths of Christianity", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "This one and firm rock", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1525", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "justification as entirely the work of God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "the Smalcald Articles", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "Romans 1:17) lives by faith", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Luther", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "Luther", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "His salvation\"", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "Luther", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses. He had the theses checked for heresy", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "heresy", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "a papal dispensation", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses. He had the theses checked for heresy", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "heresy", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "the Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "the Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "the Imperial Diet", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "the Antichrist", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "the Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "the Saxon", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "the Saxon", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "The theologian Johann Eck", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "neither popes nor church councils", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "The theologian Johann Eck, however, was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum.", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "On 15 June 1520", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "41 sentences drawn from his writings, including the 95 Theses, within 60 days", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "3 January 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "secular authorities", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "18 April 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Emperor Charles V", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "Johann", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "day", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "Johann Eck", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "raised his arm", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "raised his arm", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "raised his arm", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "recant his writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "Luther refused to recant his writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "refused to recant his writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "dramatic", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521, declaring Luther an outlaw, banning his literature", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "kill", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "masked horsemen who were made to appear as armed highwaymen. They escorted Luther to the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "Eisenach", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "polemical writings", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "his episcopates", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1 August 1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "1 August 1521, Luther wrote to Melanchthon", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "1 August 1521", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "summer of 1521", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "a gift, to be received with thanksgiving", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "His essay On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It rejected compulsory confession and encouraged private confession and absolution", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "assured monks and nuns that they could break their vows without sin", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "prophecy, in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "the Little Horn", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "prophecy", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "Gabriel Zwilling", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "Christmas", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "June 1521, exceeding anything envisaged by Luther. The reforms provoked disturbances, including a revolt by the Augustinian friars against their prior", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "Christmas", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "council", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "God's word rather than violence to bring about necessary change", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "eight days", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9 March", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "violence", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "sixth sermon, the Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "sixth", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "Dr. Martin", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "Dr. Martin's return spread among us! His words, through divine mercy", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "authorities to restore public order", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "conservative", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "the Zwickau prophets", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "radical reformers", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Thomas M\u00fcntzer", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "the German Peasants' War of 1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "he would support an attack on the upper classes", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "the upper classes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "the temporal authorities", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "nobles to put down the rebels like mad dogs", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "Twelve Articles", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "nobles", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "rebels", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "to \"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's\"", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "God", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "resisted", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "death in body and soul", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "laid down their weapons", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "the Swabian League", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "Frankenhausen", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "secular powers", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Kat", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "herring barrels", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "41", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "41", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Katharina von Bora", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "13 June 1525", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "evening of the same day, the couple was married by Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "Bugenhagen. The ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "On the evening of the same day, the couple was married by Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "Bugenhagen", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "Biblical grounds", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "reckless", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "reckless", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "Margaret \u2013 1534; Katharina helped the couple earn a living by farming the land and taking in boarders.", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "Luther and his wife moved into a former monastery", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "Elizabeth", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "poverty", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "Margaret \u2013 1534; Katharina helped the couple earn a living by farming the land and taking in boarders", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "1526", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "he established a supervisory church body", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "From 1525 to 1529", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "two catechisms", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "a theology of the cross", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "extreme change", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "Electorate of Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "John the Steadfast", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "the temporal sovereign", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "In response to demands for a German liturgy, Luther wrote a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "his 1523", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "candles", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "their visitation of the Electorate of Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "their visitation of the Electorate of Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "pastoral care", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "Christian doctrine", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "teaching", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "basics", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "Luther", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "Luther", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "basics of Christianity", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "the Bondage of the Will and the Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The Small Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "hymns", "56f86966aef2371900626053": "the three persons of the Trinity", "56f86966aef2371900626054": "the three persons of the Trinity", "56f86966aef2371900626055": "German vernacular, they expressed the Apostles' Creed in simpler, more personal, Trinitarian language.", "56f86966aef2371900626056": "Luther depicted the Trinity not as a doctrine to be learned, but as persons to be known", "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Father", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "the end of his life", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "alone\" after \"faith", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith alone justifies us, and not works", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "the variant of German", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "He intended his vigorous, direct language", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "Bible", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "impediments and difficulties", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "German-language publications", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "German-language publications, Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible translation", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "evolution of the German language and literature", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "William Tyndale", "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626072": "folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626073": "school, home, and the public arena", "56f87000aef2371900626074": "a lute", "56f87000aef2371900626075": "the waldzither", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "\"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\"", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "Lutheran", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "Heinrich", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C. Messenger", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "John C. Messenger", "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1524 creedal hymn \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott\"", "56f87392aef237190062609a": "1524 creedal hymn \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott", "56f87392aef237190062609b": "1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism", "56f87392aef237190062609c": "German", "56f87392aef237190062609d": "difficulty of its tune", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, \"Vater unser im Himmelreich", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "candidates on specific catechism questions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "multiple revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "1538", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "1523", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "sample", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "Achtliederbuch", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "schrei ich zu dir", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Hauptlied", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Ten Commandments", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Savior of the gentiles), based on Veni redemptor gentium, became the main hymn", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "two", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "German Te Deum", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "1541", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Johann Walter", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "prayer for grace", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "Wolf Heintz", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Wolf Heintz's four-part setting of the hymn was used to introduce the Lutheran Reformation in Halle", "56f88025aef237190062611e": "early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", "56f88025aef237190062611f": "four of eight songs", "56f88025aef2371900626120": "18 of 26", "56f88025aef2371900626121": "Achtliederbuch, 18 of 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion, and 24 of the 32", "56f88025aef2371900626122": "Achtliederbuch", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them,", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them,", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "hymns", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "false doctrine", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "false doctrine", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "they sleep in peace", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "He", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "his Smalcald Articles, he described the saints as currently residing \"in their graves and in heaven", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Franz Pieper observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "1755", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "anima non sic dormit), but wakes (sed vigilat) and experiences visions", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne in 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "1867", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "doctrinal unity", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen points", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "fourteen points", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "significance of the words spoken by Jesus", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "confrontational", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "the Schmalkaldic League", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "The Swiss cities", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "Protestant nobles", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "antithetical", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "Reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "honoring their different epistemological spheres", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "Jesus Christ was born a Jew", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "Jesus Christ was born a Jew", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "1523", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "the papacy, and the Roman Church", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "the papacy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "the papacy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "non-religious war against the Turks", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "Latin translation of the Qur'an", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "1542", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Turk\"", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "the Ten Commandments", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "Agricola", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "the Ten Commandments", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "Eisleben \u2013 preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "his 1539 open letter to C. G\u00fcttel", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "second", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "the law", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "the Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will, that is, of the natural law", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "third", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "Christ's life, when understood as an example, is nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "The Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "Luther", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "Martin Brecht", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, who wanted to marry one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "ninety years earlier", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "Christians", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "rejected the divinity of Jesus", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "blasphemers and liars", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "treatise", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "Luther's anti-Jewish works", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "Throughout the 1580s", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "Jewish", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "anti-Jewish", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Luther", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "Julius Streicher", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "On 17 December 1941", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "Diarmaid MacCulloch", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "10 November 1938, on Luther's birthday, the synagogues are burning in Germany", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "limited, and the Nazis' use of his work as opportunistic", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "Biographer", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "Luther fatefully became one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism and thus provided material for the modern hatred of the Jews", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "18th and 19th centuries", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "religious and in no respect racial", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "establishing anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "the National Socialists", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "declining state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "his health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity and violence", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "vulgarity and violence", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Mark U. Edwards", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "1980s", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15\u201365", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "disproportionately more votes from Protestant than Catholic areas of Germany", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "1928-1933", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "1531 to 1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "Philip of Hesse incident", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "December 1544, he began to feel the effects of angina", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "ill health", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "December 1544, he began to feel the effects of angina", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "His poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "His poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "His poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "Market Church", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "obdurate Jews, whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "obdurate Jews, whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory,\" according to L\u00e9on Poliakov", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "late 1545", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "early 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "his", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "8 a.m., he experienced chest pains. When he went to his bed, he prayed", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "Ps", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "8", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "An apoplectic stroke", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Luther had written his last statement. The statement was in Latin", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "Latin", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "his monumental size", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "a stout man with a \"double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "a stout", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "a stout", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "princes", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "18 February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "18 February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "18 February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "31 October", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "eight counties", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "Imperial", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "eight", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican border into Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Ventura", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "60 percent", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "60 percent", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "1,307,402", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "1,307,402", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "15", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "board", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "the Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Californios of Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "a free state", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes and land laws", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated \"Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "the Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900, the Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1900, the Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "1900, the Los Angeles Times", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "the California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "the California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "South of the Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "South of the Tehachapis", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "suburban communities", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego\u2013Tijuana", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "Riverside-San Bernardino area", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange Counties", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "Orange Counties, there are some differences in development, as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (the non-desert", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "Southeast", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "ecosystem", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "magnitude 6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "Northridge", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "Northridge", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "the San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "the San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "The USGS", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "many culturally distinct areas", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global recognition", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "a city with both national and sometimes global recognition", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "10.0%", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "five million", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people), both in southern California, are the two", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "34", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "2007", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "many major business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Central business districts", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Downtown Santa Monica", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Downtown Long Beach", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "Westwood", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Westwood", "57060df252bb891400689820": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center and Jamboree", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "third", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Six", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Los Angeles, the United States' busiest commercial port; the adjacent Port of Long Beach", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "research universities", "5706139252bb891400689866": "5", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", "5706139252bb891400689868": "5", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689881": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689883": "LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12 Conference", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Pac-12 Conference", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school", "5706155352bb891400689896": "southern California", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "November 1990", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "two of the six Premier League packages", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "the English FA", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "\u00a31.3bn", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a34.2bn", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV' in 2011", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "no extra charge. Customers that do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels can still pay a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "two or more premium channels.", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "two or more premium channels.", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "basic channels", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "substantially increased the asking price", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Virgin Media claimed that BSkyB had substantially increased the asking price", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31 July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "27", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "27 January 2014, Microsoft announced \"that SkyDrive will soon become OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview in April 2007", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q, Sky Q Silver", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016.", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "later in 2016", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "Sky", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "Astra 2A", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "Sky+ HD, on 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform, and on the same day that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "monthly subscription (known as free-to-view", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "Sky", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "In the autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a318m to \u00a334m", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches, while BSkyB paying \u00a3304m", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "their EPG", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "picture quality", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "carriage issues such as picture quality", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "Sky Active, BSkyB competed with the ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "36%", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "2.4m", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "sports channels", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "Sky", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "both BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "Virgin Media", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified: service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne is home to a number of museums, art galleries and theatres and is also described as the \"sporting capital of Australia\"", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo and its environs", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales. However, there was a riot at Buckland Valley near Bright in 1857", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Bright", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "over 1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "44", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "eastern and outer suburbs", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "inner Melbourne", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "eastern and outer suburbs", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Ballarat", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "61.1%", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "Vic", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Vic", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "a state in the south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "Melbourne", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "the Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "1803 at Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "1803 at Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803 at Sullivan Bay", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "grain, mostly in the state's west", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "west", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "grain", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "the Parliament of Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "entrenched\" provisions", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "the Parliament as the state's law-making body", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "upper Wimmera", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "2\u20137 \u00b0C (4\u201313 \u00b0F) warmer than around Melbourne", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "2009 southeastern Australia", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "but some extra costs", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Protestant", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum standards", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Geelong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "snow-covered", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "Murray River system", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "the helmeted honeyeater", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "less than 9 \u00b0C (48 \u00b0F)", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "1965", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government-owned lines", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "CFCL Australia", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "passenger", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "first Victorian Legislative Council", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "The colony grew rapidly in both population and economic power. In ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "1,548 public schools, 489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "61 per cent", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against mining taxes (the \"Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "miners protesting against mining taxes (the \"Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "extend the franchise", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "the Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "Daniel Andrews", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "Victorian agricultural production increased by 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "24%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres (52,500 sq mi) of Victorian land. This comprises more than 60%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "32,463 farms occupied around 136,000 square kilometres (52,500 sq mi) of Victorian land. This comprises more than 60%", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "cultural tourism and sports", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "cultural tourism and sports tourism. Most of these events are centred on Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Melbourne", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "two million", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "intermittently from 1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "granting of the Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "the Edict of Nantes", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "1560", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1629", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "Viljoen)", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston, South Carolina", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III of Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "the League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "Stadtholder William III of Orange", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre when 5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "St. Bartholomew's Day", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "1620", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "Henry IV", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "1620", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2%", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "21 miles", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten Island", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "the revocation of the Edict of Nantes", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "n", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "the pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "Walloons", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Walloons", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "a brain drain", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "Huguenots", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the North American front of the Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598, when Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "the Edict of Nantes", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Henry of Navarre", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Four thousand", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Netherlands", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "South America", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "South America", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "a declaration of faith to express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "ot", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston, South Carolina", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "Huguenots", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "twenty-five widows who settled in Dover", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "Napoleon in 1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Several congregations were founded, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Frederick William", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "fled to surrounding Protestant countries", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "1709", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "St. Augustine near Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "St. Augustine near Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Parris Island, South Carolina", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "Chesterfield", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "the House of Orange-Nassau", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "freely", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Quebec", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "Huguenot", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "Janet Gray", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Gallican Roman Catholics", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Catholics", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "Olivetan", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "reform and Gallican Roman Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Paris", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "almost 25,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "military troops", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "French", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "the French", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch, London", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "1685", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Brandenburg-Prussia, where they were granted special privileges (Edict of Potsdam) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St.", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "Brandenburg-Prussia", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "the Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "atmospheric", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "Richard Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south Wales", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "1850s", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "marine triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "efficiency", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "trip mechanisms or cams profiled", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "exhaust side remains open for a longer period after cut-off", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "suppress", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox.", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "stationary", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Taqi al-Din in 1551 and by Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "Near the end of the 19th century compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "efficiency", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "use of steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late part of the 19th century", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "steam turbines", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox)", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "a closed space", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "model or toy steam engines, the heat source can be an electric", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "the steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "3", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "first type of Vauclain compound), the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at 90\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow)", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "two piston strokes", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "four", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "while exhausting in cold areas", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "superior part-load performance", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "simplicity", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "Rankine cycle", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "directly released to the atmosphere", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Low boiling hydrocarbons can be used in a binary cycle", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "Mercury", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles.", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "an increase", "571153422419e3140095557d": "the Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e31400955580": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e31400955581": "the Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": ", torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "a larger cylinder volume", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "far less maintenance", "571154c72419e31400955589": "electricity generation", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "electricity generation", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "Turbinia", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "a condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "90%", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Macquorn", "571156152419e3140095559b": "duty", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94 pounds)", "571156152419e3140095559c": "its \"duty", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "turbine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "a water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Thomas", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1800", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "high-pressure", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "%", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam per kWh", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "CHP", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600 cubic metres", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "James", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Bo", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "James Watt", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "1880", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "gradually \"shortening the cutoff\" or rather, shortening the admission event; this in turn proportionately lengthens the expansion period", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "if the exhaust event is too brief", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "In 1698 Thomas Savery patented a steam pump that used steam in direct contact with the water being pumped.", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "Steam acts upon these blades, producing rotary motion.", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "one or more rotors", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3000 RPM", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "The weight of boilers and condensers", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "a renewed interest in steam both as a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d9": "to make them steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "James", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "half as much coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston into the partial vacuum", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two independent mechanisms for ensuring that the pressure in the boiler does not go too high", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve in the top of a boiler. One end of the lever carried a weight or spring", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "an adjustable spring-loaded valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "seal illegally is broken", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "accidents", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "571163172419e314009555e7": "The steam engine", "571163172419e314009555e8": "the development of the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555e9": "the development of the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase at this point.", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "pumps (such as an injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "pumps", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a supply bin", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "much of their steam, as feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "the expansion engine", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "the expansion engine", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": "heating water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "electric motors", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f4": "electric motors", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "iso", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "a pump is used to pressurize the working fluid which is received from the condenser as a liquid not as a gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "Oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "8", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen group", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides) with most elements", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "high-altitude ozone layer", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms.", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "English chemist John Mayow (1641\u20131679", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO)", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air\"", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "mercuric oxide", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "respiration", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "heat", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "Concentrated O\n2", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Concentrated O\n2", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "Concentrated O\n2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "Concentrated O\n2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "Concentrated O\n2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "Concentrated O\n2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "Apollo 1", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "oxygen", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "Oxygen", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "silicon", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "oxygen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "1805", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals, too, gain weight in rusting (when they were supposedly losing phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "sequential, low-to-high energy", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other.", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "a bond order of two", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "Uppsala, in 1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "most organic molecules", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "its unpaired electrons, triplet oxygen reacts only slowly with most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "the tin had increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "the tin had increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Since ozone absorbs strongly in the UV region of the spectrum", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen, O\n2. It is the form", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121) dissolves at 0 \u00b0C than at 20 \u00b0C (7.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121).", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121) dissolves at 0 \u00b0C than at 20 \u00b0C (7.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121).", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121)", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "49.2%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "49.2%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide.", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "the late 19th century", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "By the late 19th century", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "December 22, 1877 to the French Academy of Sciences in Paris announcing his discovery of liquid oxygen", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "water", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "the troposphere", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "tissues", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "millions of years ago", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12% heavier oxygen-18", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "lower global temperatures", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "lower global temperatures", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "Oxygen", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "Oxygen", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "vegetation canopies", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "the spin magnetic moments", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic field", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "a magnet", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2), are dangerous by-products of oxygen use", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Reactive oxygen species", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2), are dangerous by-products of oxygen use", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "It", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "in solution in the world's water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower temperatures", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "plant nutrients such as nitrates or phosphates may stimulate growth of algae", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic eon (between 3.0 and 2.3 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle.", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "molecular sieves", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "high pressure or an electric current, to produce nearly pure O\n2 gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "Oxygen", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "Oxygen, as a supposed mild euphoric", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "enriched O\n2 mixtures only if they are breathed during aerobic exercise", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "Oxygen, as a supposed mild euphoric", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "enriched O\n2 mixtures", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "gas gangrene", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous oxygen", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "its electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "its electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1 \u2212 xO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "its electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "thin film of oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "O\n2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exothermic reaction", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "smaller cylinders", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "smaller cylinders", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "large volumes of pure oxygen gas", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "alcohols", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "Acetone ((CH\n3)\n2CO) and phenol (C\n6H\n5OH) are used as feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "alcohols", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "phosphate (PO3\u2212\n4) groups", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "squalene and the carotenes", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "hydroxylapatite", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa (about 1.6 atm", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "30", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "low total pressures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "30 kPa", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "50 kilopascals", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "kPa), equal to about 50%", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "volume", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979 oil crisis, termed the \"second oil shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) proclaimed an oil embargo", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "members", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "United States foreign policy in the Middle East to avoid being targeted by the boycott", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "combatants", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "the dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "dollars", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "dollars", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "Oil Shock", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten times more", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Weeks", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "70%", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "The following day, oil ministers agreed to the embargo, a cut in production by five percent", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "a \"principal hostile country", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "religious charities such al-Haramain Foundation, which often also distributed funds to violent Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "aid", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary impacts. The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "European Economic Community", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "almost uninterrupted supplies", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Harold Wilson", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "pre-1967", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "unaffected by the embargo", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "the embargo", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter of 1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "help reduce consumption", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "Bill Clinton", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "politically expedient", "57265200708984140094c237": "1973", "57265200708984140094c238": "Edward Heath", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "10 years", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "November 7, 1973", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "1979", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "The crisis reduced the demand", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "four cylinder engines", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "four cylinder engines that were more fuel efficient", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "unibody construction and front-wheel drive, which became de facto standards", "572659535951b619008f703f": "A decade after the 1973 oil crisis", "572659535951b619008f7040": "first Japanese compacts", "572659535951b619008f7041": "size", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Infiniti", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "the Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "smaller", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "The Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis, and various other luxury oriented sedans", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1977", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "compacts like the 1974 Mustang I were a prelude to the DOT \"downsize\"", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil briefly fell back to pre-1973", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "pushing prices down, shrinking or eliminating profits", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "nearly $40 per barrel", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "one-man Project Mercury", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "the National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "Project Mercury", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "two-man Project Gemini", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "1961 to 1972", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Gemini missions", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Soviet Union", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "1967", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "The crew returned to Earth safely by using the Lunar Module as a \"lifeboat\" for these functions.", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "Five", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, which disabled the command spacecraft's propulsion and life support.", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "final Apollo 17", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "842 pounds", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "technology incidental to rocketry and manned spaceflight, including avionics, telecommunications, and computers", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "one astronaut on a limited Earth orbital mission", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "Eisenhower administration in early 1960", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "1960", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Maxime Faget", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Hugh L. Dryden", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "the Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "In November 1960", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "James E. Webb", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "President Eisenhower", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "one day", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "circumspect", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "April 20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "April 20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "Kennedy", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Robert R. Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "Robert R. Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "MSC", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "Rice University", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Florida", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "mammoth rocket required for the manned lunar mission, so land acquisition was started in July 1961", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "Kurt H. Debus", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "Director", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "Kennedy", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "at least three pads were planned, only two, designated A and B, were completed in October 1965", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "Apollo spacecraft", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "two vacuum chambers capable of simulating atmospheric pressure", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "VAB", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "Dr. George E. Mueller", "5725c123271a42140099d132": "Robert Seamans", "5725c123271a42140099d133": "Robert Seamans", "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Manned Spacecraft Center (Gilruth) Marshall Space Flight Center (von Braun) and the Launch Operations Center", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "Apollo Program Director", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "General Samuel C. Phillips, who gained a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "Director", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "Apollo Program Director", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "a rendezvous \u2014let alone a docking\u2014 neither of which had been attempted even in Earth orbit, would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "1961", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "Robert Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": "an ad-hoc committee", "5725c604271a42140099d186": "an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d187": "Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Joseph Shea", "5725c604271a42140099d189": "Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "Golovin", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "NASA", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "Webb", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "Lunar Excursion Module", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "Grumman", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "allowing the lander spacecraft to be used as a \"lifeboat", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "lifeboat", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "The Lunar Module provided propulsion, electrical power and life support", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "lifeboat", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "cone", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Kennedy's Moon landing goal became official, detailed design began of a Command/Service Module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "two", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "an ablative heat shield", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "Command Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "A cylindrical Service Module (SM) supported the Command Module, with a service propulsion engine and an RCS", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "S-band", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "before re-entry", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "51,300 pounds (23,300 kg) fully fueled", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "an orbital scientific instrument package", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "twice", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "1964", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "Saturn V", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "Lunar Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "Lunar Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "over 3 days", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "the Army", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "dummy upper stages filled with water", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "AS-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "AS-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "translunar environment", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "1,600,000 pounds-force", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "third", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "low Earth orbit", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "three-stage Saturn V", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and stood 363 feet (110.6 m) tall", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "liquid hydrogen", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "liquid hydrogen", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Project Mercury and Gemini veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "Apollo 17", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "the Distinguished Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "the Distinguished Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "first", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Apollo 8", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "13,900 nautical miles (25,700 km) downrange in the Pacific ocean", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "AS-201", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "LM", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "AS-207/208", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "Apollo spacesuit, designed to accommodate lunar extravehicular activity (EVA", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "water-cooled", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Commander (CDR) Command Module Pilot (CMP) and Lunar Module Pilot", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Mercury", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "January 27", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "December 1966", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "December 1966, the AS-205 mission", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "the Apollo 1", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "Samuel Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "Grumman was also encountering problems with the Lunar Module, eliminating hopes it would be ready for manned flight in 1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "program director", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "North American", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "January", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "altitude", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "oxygen", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "Harrison Storms", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "Apollo Spacecraft Program Office (ASPO) Manager Joseph Francis Shea, replacing him with George Low", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "nitrogen", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "flammable cabin and space suit", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "a quick-release, outward opening door", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "NASA", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "fire-resistant", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "September 1967", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "Each step", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "AS-501", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "AS-501", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "1968", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "AS-502", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Grumman", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "AS-204", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "a \"fire-in-the-hole", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D mission to the next mission in March 1969", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "Apollo 8", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "all-Gemini veteran", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "G mission was achieved on Apollo 11 in July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "white", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "G mission was achieved on Apollo 11 in July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "July 24", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "rookie Alan L. Bean made a precision landing on Apollo 12", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "Surveyor 3", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "removed", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "accidentally pointed into the Sun", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "Lunar Roving Vehicle", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "the Block II spacesuit", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "eight", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "over three days", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "mass", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "to return to Earth", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "two", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "the oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "April 1970", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "1971", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "1969", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "1971", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1971", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "old", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "3.2 billion years", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "KREEP", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "Genesis Rock, retrieved by astronauts David Scott and James Irwin", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "thick atmosphere", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "high pressure shock waves", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "high pressure shock waves", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "The Space Review", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "15", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "$20.4 billion", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "Apollo Extension Series", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "Apollo Applications Program", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "an interplanetary spacecraft", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "1973", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "The S-IVB orbital workshop", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "February 8, 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "S-IVB orbital workshop", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "the Apollo 11", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "standing", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "Apollo 8", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "Christmas Eve, 1968", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "one-quarter", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "1968", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d360": "National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d361": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "random noise and camera shake", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "Lowry Digital", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Lowry Digital", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "Lowry Digital", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "the Functioning of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "list their powers and responsibilities, and explain the areas in which the EU can legislate with Directives or Regulations.", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "It appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "the Faroe Islands", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "soon", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "founding treaties", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "Treaty on European Union", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "Greece", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "though Norway did not", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "European Union", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "TFEU", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "the Lisbon Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "the Lisbon Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "completely replace them", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "the Nice Treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "Council", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Commissioners should be \"completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Government\"", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "Jean-Claude Juncker)", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Treaty of Lisbon", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission was censured by Parliament", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "not break any law", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "few", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "six-person board appointed by the European Council", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Parliament", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "Maltese Commissioner for Health", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "the European Parliament", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "representative democracy", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "every five years", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "two", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "consultation", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "the Commission", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "the European Parliament", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "1979", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "European People's Party", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "the Council", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "it is weighted inversely to member state size, so smaller member states are not dominated by larger member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "the Council", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "74 per cent", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "European Council", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "Council must vote by qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice believes it has the final say", "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "Commission proposal, where the Parliament must vote by a majority of all MEPs", "572695285951b619008f774d": "4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "a \"Conciliation Committee", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "the Court of Justice of the European Union", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", "572658435951b619008f7028": "member state courts", "572658435951b619008f7029": "to", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "The judicial branch of the EU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "to", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "the Treaty of Rome", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "electricity", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "Treaty of Rome", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "electricity bill", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "national law", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "German law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "democracy", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "an express wish of the people to withdraw", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law binds EU institutions and member states", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "standards of proportionality", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law concerns the European Union", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "article 30", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "a postal company", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "member state", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "minimum standards", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "general principle\" of EU law, it can be invoked between private non-state parties", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "private non-state parties", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years, from age 18 to 28", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "solvent and varnish business", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60 and men at 65", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "6 million Lira", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "the European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity.", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "the principles of legal certainty and good faith", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None of the original treaties establishing the European Union", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007 Lisbon Treaty explicitly recognised fundamental rights", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Union", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK refused to sign the Social Charter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "1992", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992 Maastricht Treaty", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1994 Works Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive. In the 10 years following the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "1994 Works Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany in 1951 following the second World War", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "European Coal and Steel Community", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "competition", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "price discrimination and exclusive dealing. Article 102", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "a licence for unrestricted commercial profit", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "to reduce consumer prices", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Commission v France", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Belgian tomato", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2003", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "In Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "to prevent cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "as a \"factor of production\". However, from the 1970s, this focus shifted towards developing a more \"social\" Europe", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "\"citizenship\"", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "\"social advantages", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Li\u00e8ge to USL Dunkerque", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "article 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "discrimination", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "3 and 14 hours a week", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria the Court held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students to avoid \"structural, staffing and financial problems", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education, along with other forms of vocational training, should be more access, albeit with qualifying periods", "5726c002708984140094d073": "article 56", "5726c002708984140094d074": "maximum tariffs", "5726c002708984140094d075": "there was no prima facie infringement freedom of establishment", "5726c002708984140094d076": "others' freedom of establishment when they exercise \"official authority\"", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "Franco Frattini", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "German health clinic", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "d", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "Germany", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Italy", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31 of capital", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31 of capital", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes, denial of capacity", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "the Amazon Jungle", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7,000,000 square kilometres", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine nations", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "States", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "Brazil, with 60%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "The Amazon rainforest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "The Amazon rainforest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "nine nations", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "16,000", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "fluctuations during the last 34 million years", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "these glacial periods", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "at the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "Middle Miocene", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "the Purus Arch", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "mid-Eocene", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "Within the last 5\u201310 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "the Purus Arch", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "the Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "the Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "grassland", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "lower", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "27.7 million tons (15%) of dust fall over the Amazon basin", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Atlantic", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons of dust are windblown", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "132 million tons of dust remain in the air, 43 million tons of dust are windblown", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons of dust are windblown", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600 miles (2,600 km", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "132 million tons of dust remain in the air, 43 million tons of dust are windblown", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "hunting", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "hunting", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "Amazon rainforest", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "hunting", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "hunting", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "hunting", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "the spread of diseases from Europe", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "1970s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "smallpox", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "1977", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "black earth", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "black earth", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "2003", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "Michael Heckenberger", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "1,100", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "16,000", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "the early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "outer space", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "2000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "the United States", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10%", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology and community-based", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "commercial interests", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth, members of the Trio Tribe", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "commercial interests", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon related emissions", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "2006 Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research argue in the article that this drought response, coupled with the effects of deforestation on regional climate", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "it would irreversibly start to die", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "the forest is on the brink of being turned into savanna or desert", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "the forest is on the brink of being turned into savanna or desert", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three epicenters where vegetation died off", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "southwestern", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "comb jellies", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "/t\u1d7b\u02c8n\u0252f\u0259r\u0259/; singular ctenophore", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "/t\u1d7b\u02c8n\u0252f\u0259r\u0259/; singular ctenophore", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "swimming", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "the \u2018combs", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia which they use for swimming \u2013 they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "kteis", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "/t\u1d7b\u02c8n\u0252f\u0259r\u0259/; singular ctenophore", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ten times their own weight", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "100\u2013150", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "25", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "lack tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "coastal beroids, which lack tentacles and prey on other ctenophores by using huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "juveniles of two species, which live as parasites on the salps on which adults of their species feed.", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "hermaphrodites\u2014a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "miniature cydippids, gradually changing into their adult shapes as they grow. The exceptions are the beroids", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "before reaching the adult size and shape", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times.", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "the beroids, whose young are miniature beroids", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "Beroe", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "over-fishing and long-term environmental changes", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "Beroe preys on other ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Black Sea", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "very high numbers", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Beroe", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "Beroe", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "over-fishing", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "not monophyletic", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "about 515 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "about 515 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "about 515 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "515 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "about 515 million years ago", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "Ctenophores", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "carpet-like basement membranes", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "jelly-like material", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "hairs", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "\"ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing\"", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "intact", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "three coastal genera", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "canals", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "eight", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "oral pole", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "the \"oral pole\") to the opposite end (the \"aboral pole", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "their buoyancy", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "to reduce its volume", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "pump water out of the mesoglea to reduce its volume", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "the aboral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "statocyst", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a pair of long, slender", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "end", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "little tentacles", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "little tentacles", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "defense", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "a pair of lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "planktonic prey", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "danger", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "eight", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "eight", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida, also known as Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "Beroida", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "Nuda", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "da", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "\"belt animals\"", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "beating of their comb-rows", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "beating of their comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular \"foot", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface.", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "use internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "the parts of the internal canal network", "572683075951b619008f7517": "platyctenids", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles", "572684365951b619008f7540": "they live among the plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "their parents", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size", "5726887e708984140094c917": "10", "5726887e708984140094c918": "salps", "5726887e708984140094c919": "stinging cells", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "10 times their own weight", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "other ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "blooms in the Red Sea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "Ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "eating", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "Beroe ovata", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "the accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "Black Sea and Sea of Azov via the ballast tanks", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "1991 to 1993", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "their", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million years ago", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "515 million years ago, is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period.", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", "57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera (sponges", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "the beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "520,159", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "520,159, making it the fifth-largest city in California, the largest inland city in California and the 34th-largest in the nation.", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "\"ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "520,159, making it the fifth-largest city in California, the largest inland city in California and the 34th-largest in the nation.", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "Fresno", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "the Central Pacific Railroad", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "94.0% white, 3.3% black and 2.7%", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Little Armenia", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "The Fresno Fairgrounds", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "Fresno", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "Wheeling", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "historic Kearney Mansion", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "annual Civil War Revisited", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "the San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno was Fresno's main financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue.", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Olive and Wishon Avenues", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "School", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "2nd Space Theatre", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "2nd Space Theatre", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Fresno", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "restaurants", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores, currently operating on or near Olive Avenue", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "restaurant and other local businesses", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "hipster", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "punk/goth/deathrock", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "north and east", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "early twentieth century", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue on the east is the home to many large, stately homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno\", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city.", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "41", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American community", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Mexican-American and Asian-American (principally Hmong or Laotian", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "2008", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "the Fresno Housing Authority", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Kearney Palm", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Executive", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "Fresno Street and State Route 99", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "Ralph", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500 people", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "Highway 99 and Friant Dam", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "Ralph", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "Developer William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "Sierra Sky Park was the first aviation community to be built[citation needed] and there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "semi-arid", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "semi-arid", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "July", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "January 6, 1913.", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "January 6, 1913.", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "494,665", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "69,284", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "11,698 (7.4%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388 (0.9%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "the Federal Communications Commission", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "June 1, 1953", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake. State Route 41", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "99", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "discussion has been made to upgrade it to interstate standards and eventually incorporate it into the interstate system, most likely as Interstate 9", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot in Downtown Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Union Pacific Railroad railroads cross in Fresno, and both railroads maintain railyards", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Southern Pacific branchlines", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "American computer scientist Paul Baran", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "principal networking paradigm", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "fee per unit of connection time", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "fee per unit of connection time", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "intermediate network nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "radio or 10BASE5", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "intermediate network nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "radio or 10BASE5), the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "three key ideas", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "three", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "National Physical Laboratory", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "the ARPANET", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Operating System Principles", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "connectionless mode each packet includes complete addressing information. The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery.", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication.", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "a table", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication.", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "two", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "two", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "layer two", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "The X.25 protocol suite", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985 for Apple Macintosh computers.", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "features", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing. It was a plug-n-play", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "a plug-n-play", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "CYCLADES packet switching network", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "CYCLADES packet switching network", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "it later (1982", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "1965", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "a time-sharing system", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "1965", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "the mid-1980s", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "airlines", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "airlines", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "banks and airlines", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "banks and airlines", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "Deutsche Bundespost", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "Telstra", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "Telstra", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Telstra", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the public switched data network", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "the public switched data network", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "Telepad", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "the public switched data network", "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network", "5726462b708984140094c118": "The Computer Science Network", "5726462b708984140094c119": "The Computer Science Network", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a not-for-profit United States computer networking", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "the Internet2 Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "National Science Foundation Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "National Science Foundation Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "National Science Foundation Network", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "National Science Foundation", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "National Science Foundation", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "12", "572648d1708984140094c161": "2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", "57264684708984140094c123": "the arid plains of Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c124": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "pre-plague levels", "57264684708984140094c127": "Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "plague", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "Nestorian graves dating to 1338\u201339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Sicily", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Sicily", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "Black Death", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349 when a ship landed at Ask\u00f8y", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "the pandemic", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "1823", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "the heavens", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "bad air", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "plague", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "Y. pestis was usually transmitted was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "Yersinia pestis", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "high fevers", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent die within eight days", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "2010", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "2010", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "PLoS Pathogens", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "Marseille", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "Y. p. orientalis", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "Schuenemann et al.", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "zoologist Graham Twigg", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "zoo", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "1984", "5726516a708984140094c223": "an epidemiological", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics", "5726516a708984140094c225": "100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "the clergy", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": "insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe", "57265285708984140094c25e": "Black Death", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "2001", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c270": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "about a third", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "40%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "about a third", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "contagion", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "1346 and 1671", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "a million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "2 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315%", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "1679", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "Oslo", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times between 1361 and 1528", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "half", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "half", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "1700\u201321, Sweden v. Russia and allies) killed about 100,000", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720 in Marseille", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c304": "The Black Death", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt (magma and/or lava", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "heat and pressure", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "magma and/or lava", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "There are three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "fabric", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", "57265d08708984140094c399": "plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "San Andreas fault system", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "the convecting mantle", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "a crust and lithosphere on top, the mantle below (separated within itself by seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "410 and 660 kilometers", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth to the present, but this compresses the most recent eon", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "third", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "the most recent eon", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "the Quaternary period.", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "a fault is found that penetrates some formations", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "Finding the key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "formations", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "The principle of inclusions and components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "not all fossils may be found globally at the same time", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "provide a relative age", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "beginning of the 20th century", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "fossils", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "uranium-lead dating, potassium-argon dating, argon-argon dating and uranium-thorium dating", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "they shorten and become thicker", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "\"antiforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "\"antiforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Stretching of units can result in their thinning; in fact, there is a location within the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "become longer and thinner", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "The addition of new rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic gradients", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada, the oldest known rock in the world have been metamorphosed", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "southwestern United States", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada, the oldest known rock in the world have been metamorphosed", "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", "572677e7708984140094c724": "petrology (the study of rocks), stratigraphy (the study of sedimentary layers", "572677e7708984140094c725": "structural geology (the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "572677e7708984140094c726": "soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "the geochemical evolution of rock units", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "laboratory", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "high temperature and pressure physical experiments to understand the temperatures and pressures", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "high temperature and pressure", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "lower surface", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "often more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt", "57268066708984140094c821": "laboratory", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface", "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "the polymath Shen Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "deposition of silt", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "Society", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "slow geological processes have occurred throughout the Earth's history and are still occurring today. In contrast, catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "103 miles (166 km) south", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "8.5 mi", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "Euro", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "a county itself, a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "wool trade", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "coal", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "16th century", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "Great North Run", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "a", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "West Road", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish tribes", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Elizabeth", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "to defend it from invaders", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "William the Lion", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "three times", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "the Hostmen", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "a pointless pursuit", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "an eccentric", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "merchants plotting to ruin him; however his shipment arrived on the Tyne during a strike that had crippled local production; unexpectedly he made a considerable profit.", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "waiting colliers", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7,000", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "one-third", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "one-third", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "the King", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "the Scots", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "Cromwell's allies", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "brave defence", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "the urbanization of the city. In 1817 the Maling company, at one time the largest pottery company in the world, moved to the city.", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "the Maling", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "electric lighting", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "steam turbine", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "medieval", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "Narrow alleys or 'chares", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Castle Keep, originally recorded in the 14th century, remain intact in places.", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "28\u201330", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "Bessie Surtees House, the Cooperage and Lloyds Quayside Bars, Derwentwater House", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "neoclassical", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "Stuart Maconie", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Grey Street", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "1960s", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored.", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "Town Moor", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "rent", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "The Hoppings", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "The Hoppings", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "King Harald V of Norway", "57267076708984140094c601": "regeneration has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments", "57267076708984140094c602": "Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman Foster", "57267076708984140094c604": "NewcastleGateshead", "57267076708984140094c605": "ten days", "572671165951b619008f72b7": "the Grainger Town area", "572671165951b619008f72b8": "1835 and 1842", "572671165951b619008f72b9": "four stories high, with vertical dormers", "572671165951b619008f72ba": "244", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "1835", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "2000", "572671e55951b619008f72da": "painting", "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "oceanic", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic Drift", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "rain shadow of the North Pennines", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "1982", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "Scandinavia", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "2010", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "the Eldon Square", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "1838", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "department, giving birth to the name department store", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "March 2007", "5726769c708984140094c711": "Grainger Street", "5726769c708984140094c712": "Byker", "5726769c708984140094c713": "Tesco", "5726769c708984140094c714": "MetroCentre", "5726769c708984140094c715": "Gateshead", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "density", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "7.8%", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "5.9%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "5.9%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "overinflated", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "Reading", "572679c35951b619008f73db": "282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "189,863", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "189,863", "572679c35951b619008f73de": "189,863", "572679c35951b619008f73df": "189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "37.8", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "37.8 (the national average being 38.6). Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Border Reiver", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "500 and 2,000", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "500 and 2,000", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "the end of Roman Imperial rule", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "elements", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "stream", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "barn", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "go away\" or \"you're kidding\"), all appear to be used in Scots", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "Scots", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "throw", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "the Ear Institute at the University College London", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "long-term", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "80.4 decibels", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "Collingwood Street", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "12-screen Empire multiplex cinema.", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12-screen Empire multiplex cinema", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "Times Square area near the Centre for Life and has a range of bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": "Stephen Kemble of the famous Kemble family", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "many celebrated seasons", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "many theatres", "5726800add62a815002e8751": "Theatre Royal", "5726800add62a815002e8752": "Royal Shakespeare Company", "5726800add62a815002e8753": "local talent", "5726800add62a815002e8754": "the arts capital of the UK", "572680865951b619008f74e7": "The Literary and Philosophical Society", "572680865951b619008f74e8": "music library contains 8000", "572680865951b619008f74e9": "John and Benjamin Green", "572680865951b619008f74ea": "20 October 1880", "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "music festival held on the Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides over the Spring bank holiday", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "Evolution Festival, a music festival held on the Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides over the Spring bank holiday", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "EAT! NewcastleGateshead", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "2", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "The Hoppings", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "The Hoppings", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "Temperance Movement", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "cycling festival, takes place within, or starting from, Newcastle in June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park and in the city's Gay Community in mid July", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "bank holiday weekend", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "Design Event festival\u2014an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers. The SAMA Festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "East Asian", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran was born here in 1961", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Old Town Hall, Gateshead", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "three", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "the restored Classic", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "roof extension", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "Centre", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "Discovery Museum a museum highlighting life on Tyneside, including Tyneside's shipbuilding heritage, and inventions which changed the world; the Great North Museum", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "Discovery Museum a museum highlighting life on Tyneside, including Tyneside's shipbuilding heritage, and inventions which changed the world; the Great North Museum", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "Get Carter", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "noir", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "1988 film noir", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "the Newcastle Eagles", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle Diamonds", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Brough Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "1981", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "9.7 km) from the city centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "Metro Light Rail system", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "Metro Light Rail system and a journey into Newcastle city centre takes approximately 20 minutes", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "five million", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "90", "572689385951b619008f761b": "Victorian architecture", "572689385951b619008f761c": "six", "572689385951b619008f761d": "1850 by Queen Victoria", "572689385951b619008f761e": "Robert Stephenson", "572689385951b619008f761f": "Manors", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "Virgin Trains East Coast provides a half-hourly frequency of trains to London King's Cross, with a journey time of about three hours", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "three hours", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "CrossCountry", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "First TransPennine Express operates services to Manchester and Liverpool. Northern Rail", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "the Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "five", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "A bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37 million", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "Metro", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "smart ticketing", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "North Shields", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "procurement of an entirely new fleet of trains and further extensions to the system. Proposed routes include to Newcastle's west end", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "trams as opposed to the current light rail trains", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "A1", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "A69", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "when a project to build a second road tunnel and refurbish the first tunnel was completed.", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "3", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "two", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Go-Ahead", "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", "57269120708984140094ca5a": "highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion", "57269120708984140094ca5b": "healthy living", "57269120708984140094ca5c": "one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": "national networks", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "Gothenburg", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson cruise lines", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "eleven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "seven independent schools with sixth forms", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "Sacred Heart", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "Newcastle Polytechnic", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Sunday Times University of the Year award", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "the Newcastle Polytechnic", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "company award of the \"Most IT enabled organisation\" (in the UK), by the IT industry magazine Computing", "572699b55951b619008f778f": "three", "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1474", "572699b55951b619008f7791": "Coptic", "572699b55951b619008f7792": "St Thomas the Martyr", "572699b55951b619008f7793": "parish churches", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "St Andrew", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "main porch", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "last of the ancient churchyards", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "the Scots", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "City Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "Watermark business park", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "The Tube.", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "Barrack Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "Look North television regional news programme and local radio station BBC Radio Newcastle", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "students from both of the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building during term time", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "1951", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Radio Lollipop station based at the Great North Children's Hospital in the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary", "57269d745951b619008f77db": "both of the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1770", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "1923", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Lord Armstrong", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "Charles Avison", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Rutherford Grammar School", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "footballers", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize winning physicist", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "inventor of keyed Northumbrian smallpipes, the most characteristic musical instrument in the region, lived and worked in the city.", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "John Dunn, inventor of keyed Northumbrian smallpipes, the most characteristic musical instrument in the region, lived and worked in the city.", "5726710b708984140094c61d": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "4.5 million", "5726710b708984140094c61f": "1852", "5726710b708984140094c620": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c83d": "Brompton district", "572680ac708984140094c83e": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c83f": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c840": "the Department for Culture, Media and Sport", "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001", "57268294708984140094c877": "12.5 acres (51,000 m2", "57268294708984140094c878": "145", "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000", "57268294708984140094c87a": "Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa", "57268294708984140094c87b": "5,000 years", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Henry Cole", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "the Museum of Manufactures, first opening in May 1852 at Marlborough House", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": "Somerset House", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "Gottfried Semper", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "September and November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "nearly a million", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "the Festival of Britain", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "young people", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "young people", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong", "572691d7708984140094ca70": "British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", "57269656708984140094cafd": "\u00a343 million", "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376 million", "57269656708984140094caff": "\u00a343 million", "57269656708984140094cb00": "fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", "57269656708984140094cb01": "within five years", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "1852", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "the Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "to house the eponymous collections", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "1862", "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Owen Jones", "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Italian Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba3": "James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", "57269c06708984140094cba4": "Sykes", "57269c06708984140094cba5": "James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "1866\u201368", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "Edward Burne-Jones", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "Edward Burne-Jones", "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "1876\u201381", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "1867\u201372", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "Cadeby stone", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now the Henry Cole Wing in 1867\u201372", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "2008", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "sgraffito", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "sgraffito", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "1870\u201373", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "Art Library", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Reuben Townroe", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "Aston Webb", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "1899 and 1909", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "720 feet (220 m", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "an open work crown surmounted by a statue of fame", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "an open work crown", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "East and West Halls", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "marble", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Prince Albert", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "Henry Cole", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "Henry Cole wing", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "Royal College of Science", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "the Spiral, between 1978 and 1982", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "2009", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "Central Hall Shop", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "Medieval and Renaissance", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South Kensington", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "McInnes Usher McKnight Architects", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "elliptical water feature lined in stone", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "stone", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American Sweetgum tree", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "2004", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "2004", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "600", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "Andrea Palladio", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "330", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "two top stories of the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "Montal", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "Alhambra", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "19,000", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "60,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "10,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "60,000 objects, including about 10,000 textiles and 6000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "70,000", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "70,000", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "T. T. Tsui", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "70,000", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "13th-century", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986. The majority of exhibits date from 1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "koro", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "14th to the 19th century", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "Hindu and Buddhist sculptures", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "mother-of-pearl made between 500 AD and 2000", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "betel-nut cutters, ivory combs and bronze palanquin hooks", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "sketches", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III, quite small in size, dated between 1490 and 1505", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "1876 by John Forster. The Reverend Alexander Dyce was another benefactor of the library, leaving over 14,000 books to the museum in 1869", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "1876", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "William Morris", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "12th to 16th centuries", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "Joan of Arc, Rouen", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "Lucas Horenbout, London", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "MODES", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "MODES", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Search the Collections,\"", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "2007", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "to list more items in the collections in those computer databases.", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Andy Warhol", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15,000", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "Victoria and Albert Museum\u2019s Word and Image Department", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Asia", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "works of art from their collections, these include: Horace Walpole", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "porcelain, cloth and wallpaper", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "leisure", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "The galleries", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "growth of mass production", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "John Ruskin", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "sculpture wing", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "cut in half", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "sculpture wing, comprising two large, skylighted rooms two storeys high housing hundreds of plaster casts of sculptures, friezes and tombs", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "sculpture wing", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "1909", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "Mintons & Royal Doulton", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "Britain and Holland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland.", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "Iznik pottery from Turkey is the largest in the world.", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "Iznik pottery from Turkey is the largest in the world.", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "4000", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "4000 years of glass making, and has over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia.", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Louis Comfort Tiffany and \u00c9mile Gall\u00e9", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "Louis Comfort Tiffany and \u00c9mile Gall\u00e9", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "Danny Lane", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "2004", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "Dale Chihuly", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "13th", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "10,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "2,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "10,000 British and 2,000 old master works, including works by: D\u00fcrer", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "10,000 British and 2,000 old master works, including works by: D\u00fcrer", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Paul Nash, Percy Wyndham Lewis, Eric Gill, Stanley Spencer, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Lucian Freud and David Hockney", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "1,442", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "the Word and Image department", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "14,000", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1,442", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "1,442", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "2002", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "modern", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "Italian and French Renaissance", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1859 and 1865", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "Soulages", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "1882", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "c1750", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "Edward William Godwin, Charles Voysey, Adolf Loos and Otto Wagner", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "6000", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "6000", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "154 gems bequeathed in 1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "154 gems bequeathed in 1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger", "5726ee28708984140094d656": "10,000 objects made from silver or gold in the collection, the display (about 15%", "5726ee28708984140094d657": "a silver gilt beaker", "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8 tonnes, 10.5 metres high and 11 metres wide", "5726ee28708984140094d659": "8 tonnes, 10.5 metres high and 11 metres wide, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1862", "5726ee28708984140094d655": "10,000", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick, dated to c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick, dated to c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "c1180", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "5,100", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "35", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "35", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "25 February 2010", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "1130 British and 650", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "2000 miniatures", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "c. 1400", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "Isabel", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "233", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "Isabel", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "The Hay Wain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "Isabel", "5726f755708984140094d737": "continental art 1600\u20131800", "5726f755708984140094d738": "Madame de Pompadour", "5726f755708984140094d739": "260", "5726f755708984140094d73a": "Fran\u00e7ois, Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "Eadweard Muybridge", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781", "5726f90b708984140094d760": "Eadweard Muybridge", "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "22,000", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "22,000", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "22,000", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "22,000", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "The Three Graces", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "plaster", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "the Chancel Chapel", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "Chancel Chapel", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "Chancel Chapel", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "20", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "20", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "World War I", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "1914", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Europeans", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "theme, tomb sculpture, portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "Tate Britain", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "53,000 examples, mainly western European", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "53,000", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "53,000 examples, mainly western European", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "a fragment of the Cloth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "four", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries, very rare 15th-century", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "John Vanderbank", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "late 14th-century", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "Marion Dorn", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Serge Chermayeff", "57270817708984140094d8c7": "the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8c8": "March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8c9": "the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8ca": "V&A Theatre & Performance galleries", "57270817708984140094d8cb": "research", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Museum of Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "controlling the museum environment (for example, temperature and light", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "interventive\"", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Museum of Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "assessments", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "1957", "57267b755951b619008f7435": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street", "57267b755951b619008f7436": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "October 12, 1943", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J.", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "1948", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "80% interest in cable sports channel ESPN", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "Capital Cities Communications", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "eight owned-and-operated and over 232", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "Citadel Broadcasting", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "eight", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "Citadel Broadcasting", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "Columbia Broadcasting System", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "NBC Blue and NBC Red", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "the major cities", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "drama series", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "1927", "572681ab708984140094c85d": "the Federal Communications Commission", "572681ab708984140094c85e": "1938", "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1940", "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red Network", "572681ab708984140094c861": "NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "NBC Blue Network", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "$7.5 million", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "David Sarnoff", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "$7.5 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Life Savers", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "The Commission authorized the transaction on October 12, 1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "the American Broadcasting System", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "1951", "57268739708984140094c8ed": "Magnetophon", "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", "57268739708984140094c8ef": "suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy", "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Bing Crosby", "57268739708984140094c8f1": "public service", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "33% stake in European sports channel Eurosport for $155 million", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "ABC1", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "sustainable viewership", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "Disney Channel", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "the United States", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "1970s", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "satellite television", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "Japan and Latin America", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "Japan", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Beirut", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "5%", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "June 1953", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "CBS", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "Academy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving).", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "2016", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "TLC", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "1963", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "1975", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "Procter & Gamble-produced soap The Edge of Night", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital,", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "soap opera General Hospital", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "ESPN", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "Disson Skating", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "Saturday Night Football package.", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "ESPN-produced highlight compilation programs for The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments", "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx", "5726e860708984140094d57a": "engineering", "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF channel 7", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "108", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "the DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "CBS and NBC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "United Paramount Theatres", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "United Paramount Theatres", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "nine", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "58%", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "William S. Paley", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "June 6, 1951, the tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board of directors", "5726ed12708984140094d645": "1952", "5726ed12708984140094d646": "February 9, 1953", "5726ed12708984140094d647": "$25 million in shares.", "5726ed12708984140094d648": "1501 Broadway in Manhattan", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "New York City (later re-called WABC-TV), signed on the air on August", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "August 10, 1948, with its first broadcast running for two hours that evening.", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "Mount Wilson", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "Prospect Studios", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "1960s", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "1960s", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "$7.5 million", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1961", "572734af708984140094dae3": "circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae4": "Troika Design Group", "572734af708984140094dae5": "circle", "572734af708984140094dae6": "circle", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "minimalist graphical identity, designed by Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "1998", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "\"We Love TV", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "1998\u201399 season", "572736625951b619008f86d1": "1993\u201394 season", "572736625951b619008f86d2": "1993\u201394 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds", "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", "572736625951b619008f86d4": "\"That Special Feeling\" in a script font", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "1977", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "a bubble", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "a bubble", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "Paul Rand", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1962", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "Clear Channel Communications", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "October 19, 2005", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "six", "57273954708984140094db05": "2004, ABC's average viewership declined by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth", "57273954708984140094db06": "Desperate Housewives, Lost and Grey's Anatomy", "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Michael Eisner", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor", "57273a0d708984140094db10": "The Bachelorette, which premiered the following year, as well as two additional spinoffs that later debuted in the early 2010s", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "four", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "a carriage dispute with ABC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "NBC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "TWC", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "Boy Meets World and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, the latter of which moved to The WB", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "2000", "57273c195951b619008f8721": "In August 1999", "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Meredith Vieira", "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Meredith Vieira", "57273d19708984140094db3d": "$19 billion", "57273d19708984140094db3e": "February 9", "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Knight Ridder", "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger", "57273d19708984140094db41": "Sports Night", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "1965\u201366 season", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "third place", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC\"", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "1953", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "7 West 66th Street", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "Baltimore", "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", "57273f9d708984140094db52": "DuMont Television Network, which was also mired in financial trouble", "57273f9d708984140094db53": "DuMont", "57273f9d708984140094db54": "DuMont Television Network, which was also mired in financial trouble", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "Lone Ranger", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "prime time comedy", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Sugarfoot", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "Warner Bros. Presents. Airing during the 1955\u201356 season, it showcased television adaptations of the 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca; Cheyenne", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Roy", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "$500,000", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "1954", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "Disneyland", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "seven", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "September 1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "Duel", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "1971", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$400,000\u2013$450,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": "the early 1970s", "572743fb708984140094db94": "CBS and NBC", "572743fb708984140094db95": "behavioral and demographic", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "Monday Night Football", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "15%\u201316%", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "Worldvision Enterprises", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "In April 1970, Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "ABC, when it took effect on January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Henry Plitt", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": "Elton Rule", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1966", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "Happy Days", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "developing youth-oriented programming", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Paramount Pictures", "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b3": "S.W.A.T", "572748745951b619008f87b4": "November", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "president of NBC's entertainment division", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "Laverne & Shirley", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "1977", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "Aaron Spelling", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "nine", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "nine", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "Billy Crystal", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "1977, Roone Arledge was named president of the new ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "June 1979", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "Arledge", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Hugh Downs", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Barbara Walters", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "$20 million", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "a 24-hour news channel called ABC Cable News, with plans to launch the network in 1995", "57274cac708984140094dbde": "1995", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT-TV and WTVG", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "Writers Guild of America", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "Duel", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "Caris & Co.", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios into a new division, ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "Citadel Media", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "iTunes", "57274f07708984140094dbed": "sixth", "57274f07708984140094dbee": "2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": "2009", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Wednesdays", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1970", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Turner Broadcasting System", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television (formerly known as Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista International Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Selznick library", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "eight", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "eight", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26%", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1946", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "1953", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "a tiny lowercase \"abc\" in the center of a large lowercase letter a, a design known as the \"ABC Circle A", "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", "57275573708984140094dc46": "Supernanny, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", "57275573708984140094dc47": "HD", "57275573708984140094dc48": "4:3 standard definition", "57275650708984140094dc5f": "720p high definition", "57275650708984140094dc60": "720p high definition", "57275650708984140094dc61": "11", "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "V", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "Happy Endings", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "NBC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "V", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "All My Children", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "Prospect Park", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "Prospect Park, which eventually revived the soaps on Hulu", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "The Revolution", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "the 18\u201349", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "2004", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "CBS", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "Last Man Standing and Shark Tank) and Suburgatory.", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "Suburgatory", "57275a505951b619008f889f": "The Middle", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Dragon's Den", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Dragon's Den", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim Allen", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Steven Bochco", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "ten", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "the FCC", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner Cable", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "23.63%", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "Chicago radio station WLS", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "May 9, 1960, WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett", "57275e125951b619008f88da": "25% interest in CFTO-TV", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "Wide World of Sports", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "in search of new programs that would help it compete with NBC and CBS", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "in search of new programs that would help it compete with NBC and CBS", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "ABC Theatres", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "December of that year, the ABC television network premiered The Dating Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "The Newlywed Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "44 story", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90%", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit when it premiered as a midseason series in 1981", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Mork & Mindy", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Alpha Repertory Television Service (ARTS), a cable channel operated as a joint venture with the Hearst Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "Getty Oil", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "Entertainment Channel", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "Entertainment", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcda": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "$465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "Thomas S. Murphy delegated his position as president to Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman and CEO", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "Home Improvement", "572764855951b619008f8951": "General Hospital", "572764855951b619008f8952": "Good Morning America", "572764855951b619008f8953": "9:00 a.m", "572764855951b619008f8954": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA-LD", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "WLQP-LP", "57276690708984140094dd01": "ABC Circle Films", "57276690708984140094dd02": "ABC", "57276690708984140094dd03": "Prospect Avenue", "57276690708984140094dd04": "Prospect Avenue", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "Times Square", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "Good Morning America and Nightline", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "Peter Jennings Way", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "2006", "572768d9708984140094dd13": "video on demand services for delayed viewing of the network's programming, including a traditional VOD service called ABC on Demand", "572768d9708984140094dd14": "Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd15": "July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "27%", "572769e85951b619008f8985": "day", "572769e85951b619008f8986": "January 7, 2014", "572769e85951b619008f8987": "fast forwarding", "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "four", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ESPN", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "14", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "the All-Channel Receiver Act", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "1961", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "via off-hours clearances", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "five times", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "WTRF-TV", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1980s", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney Presents", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "Desilu Productions pitched its detective series The Untouchables to CBS; after that network rejected the show because of its use of violence", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "The Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "$15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "The Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "September 23, 1962", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "September 23, 1962 as the first television series to be broadcast in color on the network. On April 1, 1963", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ITT to ABC management", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "Donald F. Turner", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "January 1, 1968", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "chief executive officer of Capital Cities Communications", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "$3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "Warren Buffett", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "Tampa independent station WFTS-TV to the E. W. Scripps Company", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "September 5, 1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "January 3, 1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "January 3, 1986", "57277585708984140094de2b": "Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2c": "Laverne & Shirley ended its run in 1983", "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three", "57277585708984140094de2e": "1983", "57277585708984140094de2f": "comedies", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "the \"TGIF", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "\"Thank Goodness It's Funny", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Warner Bros.", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "seven", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Ralph Nelson-directed Charly", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "Ralph", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "1985", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "Redwood City, California", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "the late 1950s that the ABC network became a serious contender to NBC and CBS", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "500%", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "10% and 18%", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Ollie Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "Dick Clark", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "philosophy of counterprogramming against its competitors\"", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "detective shows did the same in the fall of 1959", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "Life", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "detective", "57277af2708984140094dec3": "\"WATCH ABC\"", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "New York City O&O WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "Sinclair", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The E. W. Scripps Company", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "reach", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "\"Start Here\"", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "WFTS-TV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "KMBC-TV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WTSP", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "Mongol invasions", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "wholesale massacres of the civilian populations \u2013 especially in the Khwarezmian and Xia controlled lands", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed \"Genghis Khan\"", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "Western Xia and Jin dynasties.", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": "1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "\u00d6gedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Yes\u00fcgei", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "a Tatar chieftain, Tem\u00fcjin-\u00fcge", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "B\u00f6rte", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "Khongirad", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai Setsen", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Begter", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "an adult", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Khasar", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "Khasar", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud", "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages", "5726a784708984140094cd00": "Hoelun", "5726a784708984140094cd01": "the Chinese dynasties", "5726a784708984140094cd02": "Hoelun", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat tribe", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "the Merkits", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "his friend and future rival, Jamukha", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "around 16", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "nine months later", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "three more sons, Chagatai", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232)", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187\u20141241", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232)", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "six", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "anda (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "Toghrul", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "the Jadaran", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "20,000", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "Jamukha", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "Mongolian aristocracy", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "Kokochu", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "the Qara Khitai", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "the Yassa code", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "promised civilians and soldiers wealth from future possible war spoils", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "great loyalty", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Keraite", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "the Naimans", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201, a khuruldai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "universal ruler", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "the Naimans", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "asking him to return to his side", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "men", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "by breaking the back. Jamukha requested this form of death", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "noble death", "5726b879708984140094cf01": "siege warfare from the Chinese", "5726b879708984140094cf02": "Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf03": "Khasar", "5726b879708984140094cf04": "shaman", "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Jamukha", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "a Khuruldai", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "\u00d6gedei, took the title for himself and extended it posthumously to his father", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "\u00d6gedei", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "1206 Tem\u00fcjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "1211", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "Ming-Tan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "Zhongdu", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Kaifeng", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "Jebe", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "20,000", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Jebe", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow\"", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "west of Kashgar", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "Lake Balkhash", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "Lake Balkhash", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "Empire", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "Mongolia", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "two remaining ambassadors", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "100,000", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "the Silk Road", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "Mongol army under Genghis Khan", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "northeast", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Jochi", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "Samarkand", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey, to immediately set about defeating small fractions of the Khwarzemi forces", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Otrar", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "small fractions of the Khwarzemi forces", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "surrender", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "legend", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "the fortress fell, Genghis supposedly rene", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "pyramids of severed heads raised", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "opened the gates to the Mongols, though a unit of Turkish defenders held the city's citadel for another twelve days.", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "slavery", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "artisans and craftsmen", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "the flail of God, sent to punish them for their sins.", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "slavery", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "Afghanistan and northern India towards Mongolia, while another 20,000 (two tumen) contingent marched through the Caucasus and into Russia", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "Mstislav III", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "80,000", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "1237", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "Europe", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "Transoxiana", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "1225", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Samarkand", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "1226", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "autumn", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but was defeated.", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Yellow River", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "1226", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "arrows", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Liupanshan (Qingshui County, Gansu Province) to escape the severe summer.", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "entire imperial family", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "Jochi", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "\u00d6gedei", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "he would never accept Jochi as Genghis Khan's successor. In response to this tension, and possibly for other reasons, \u00d6gedei", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "\u00d6gedei", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "\u00d6gedei was seen by Genghis Khan as dependable in character", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Khorasan", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "the siege of Urgench. Jochi had attempted to protect Urgench from destruction", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "Sultan Muhammad", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "hunting", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "hunting", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "hunting", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Mongol chronicles connect Genghis' death with a Western Xia princess taken as war booty", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "the rival Oirads", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "markings", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "Years before his death, Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "the Onon River", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Edsen Khoroo", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": "Dongshan Dafo Dian", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "1949", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "Edsen Khoroo", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "Red Guards", "57273581708984140094daeb": "Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daec": "Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daed": "the permafrost", "57273581708984140094daee": "many horses", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "meritocracy", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "the Yassa", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers and doctors. The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Ong Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "There were tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers and doctors. The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "the Chinese", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "Chu'Tsai", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "nomads", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "Jin had captured power by displacing Khitan.", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "avenged Chu'Tsai's forefathers", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "often extending them the same privileges and trust", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Muqali", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Caucasus", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "unwavering loyalty", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "diverting certain rivers", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "Muslim and Chinese siege engines", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "feigned retreat to break enemy formations and to lure small enemy groups away from the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "taking enemy prisoners", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "China", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "bringing the Silk Road", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "Turkey", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "religions", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "5727404b708984140094db59": "the Mongolian People's Republic", "5727404b708984140094db5a": "Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity.", "5727404b708984140094db5b": "Genghis Khan's children", "5727404b708984140094db5c": "Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity.", "5727404b708984140094db5d": "Mongolian People's Republic", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "500", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Ulaanbaatar is named Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "to avoid trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Ulaanbaatar", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Ikh Zasag", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "Ikh Zasag law adopted during Genghis Khan\u2019s time in Mongolia had points to punish illegal matters related to corruption and bribery", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "Chinggis Khaan", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "Ikh Zasag", "57275250708984140094dc25": "Inner Mongolia region", "57275250708984140094dc26": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc27": "Yuan dynasty", "57275250708984140094dc28": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc29": "his grandson Kublai Khan completed that conquest and established the Yuan dynasty", "572753af708984140094dc2f": "Iran", "572753af708984140094dc30": "a destructive and genocidal warlord", "572753af708984140094dc31": "10 to 15 million", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "Hulagu Khan", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "the Mamluks of Egypt", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Levant, Palestine and even Gaza", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "1237", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "Novgorod and Pskov", "572756715951b619008f8877": "Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur", "572756715951b619008f8878": "Genghis Khan and particularly Timur", "572756715951b619008f8879": "Nishapur", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Lake Baikal", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "Chinese", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Mongolian adjectival modifier -s", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "13th century Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched \"Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Tem\u00fcjin", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "Tem\u00fcjin", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "Chinese", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Chinghiz, Chinghis,", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "Tem\u00fcjin", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "retail shop", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "the 15th\u201317th centuries", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "specialised education and training", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines.", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "specialised education and training who perform various roles", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "specialised education and training", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "The GPhC", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "the General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "a PhT", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "Greek", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "Concerning", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "five volume", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "538\u2013710) and the early Nara period (710\u2013794", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "Ranked", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "Imperial household", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi (Rhazes) (865\u2013915)", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "it provides the reader with recipes", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "al-Maridini", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "Dubrovnik, Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "the dispensary", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "a pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "clinical pharmacists and they often specialize in various disciplines of pharmacy", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance issues", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises of the hospital.", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications and drug-related technology, combined with the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "high risk preparations and some other compounding functions to companies who specialize in compounding.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "physicians", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "clinical pharmacist", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "The pharmacist must also monitor for potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "full independent prescribing authority. In some states such North Carolina and New Mexico", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs.", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs.", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "consulting", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians if they are homebound", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received.", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "to", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "Vicodin", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "patient", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "Vicodin", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "Vicodin", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "a prescription", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "applied information science", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "to meet the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "physicians", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "prescription-only", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "conflict of interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "cost-effective medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "become more integral within the health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "decades", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "MTM", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "decades", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Medschecks", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "medicine use reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "the mortar and pestle", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "apothecary", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "disease", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5726e65e708984140094d540": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "eukaryotes", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "memory", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage infections", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "Disorders of the immune system", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "recurring and life-threatening infections", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "less active", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "430 BC", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "miasma theory", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "Walter Reed", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's 1891 proofs", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "1891 proofs, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905, that microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever virus", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "to improve its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "to improve its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "to improve its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune systems", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "attacks", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "the same receptors as those that recognize pathogens", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "chemical, and biological barriers", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing mechanically eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "tears and urine", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora serve as biological barriers by competing with pathogenic bacteria", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "pure cultures of the lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "pain", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "Growth factors and cytotoxic factors", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "Phagocytosis is an important feature of cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "a phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "a phagosome, which subsequently fuses with another vesicle called a lysosome to form a phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "Leukocytes", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "invading microbes", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "KIR", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "early vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific \"non-self\" antigens", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules, while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class I MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "viruses", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "MHC Class I", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "alternative T cell receptor", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "Gamma delta T cells (\u03b3\u03b4 T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "hours", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "bind to a specific foreign antigen", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "serum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "antibody-rich serum", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate immune responses", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "Hormones", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "T-cell differentiation", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "lower antibody production", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "decline in hormone levels with age", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "normal", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "tumors", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "attacks part of the body", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\" peptides", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "inactive", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age due to immunosenescence", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "through vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "Long-term active memory", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen from a pathogen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "the natural specificity of the immune system, as well as its inducibility", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "they may insert a hollow tube into the host cell", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "In the mid-1950s", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "1950s", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "1950s", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "inflammation", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "order", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "When a T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "pathogen", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "The complement system and phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "the lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "acquired immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "humoral theory of immunity, held, among others, by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "cellular", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "a reduced number of MHC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "TGF-\u03b2", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "Type I \u2013 IV", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "allergy", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "damages the body's own tissues. They are divided into four classes (Type I \u2013 IV", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "antibody-dependent (or cytotoxic) hypersensitivity", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "hide within the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "intracellular pathogenesis).", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "surface proteins that bind to antibodies, rendering them ineffective; examples include Streptococcus (protein G", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "Masking antigens with host molecules is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "to identify and eliminate tumors. This is called immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "human papillomavirus", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": ">500 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "500 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Larger drugs (>500 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "6000 Da", "572a12386aef051400155234": "norepinephrine", "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs and T-cells", "572a12386aef051400155236": "increased blood levels", "572a12386aef051400155237": "long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of Th1 immune responses", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "disrupting their plasma membrane", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "After complement proteins initially bind to the microbe", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "unfair laws", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "unfair laws", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "her brother Polynices", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Oedipus", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "Sophocles' play Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "Sophocles' play Antigone", "5727213c708984140094da35": "1819, poet Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da39": "poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da37": "poet Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "poet Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "poet Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "unjust forms of authority of his time\u2014and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action.", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "campaign for a free India", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "no more (or no less) meaning", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "violent civil disobedience.", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "demonstration", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "Civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "\u201cResign", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "postman or tax collector", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "postman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "postman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong.", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "Brownlee", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "only justified against governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "breaches of law", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "publicly, at least must be publicly announced", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "rather than simply covert lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "a lawyer wishes to help a client overcome legal obstacles to securing her or his natural rights", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "open disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "open disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Exodus", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "Christian", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience.", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "debates as to whether civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "if one cannot justify civil rebellion", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "debates as to whether civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "to overthrow a government", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "to overthrow a government", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "the Austrian government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi", "572822233acd2414000df555": "solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau", "572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets", "572822233acd2414000df557": "not yet a well-known author", "572822233acd2414000df558": "rose to higher political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "until after the end of the Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "the release of all the activists. This is a form of jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "solitary", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "a harassment and, at least to the bystander, somewhat inane", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "Civil disobedients have chosen a variety of different illegal acts.", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "somewhat inane", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "the provision of medication to the sick", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Lebanon", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "Threatening", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "GCSB Waihopai", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "illegal", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "moral dialogue", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "moral dialogue", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "an opportunity to make an impression on the officers.", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "not", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "no useful purpose, and may be harmful", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "an opportunity to make an impression", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "violation of criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "anarchist", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchist", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "violation of criminal law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "to plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "to submit to the punishment prescribed by law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "to plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "to plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "defending oneself in court will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "Camp Mercury", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "Francis Heisler, had volunteered to defend the arrested persons, advising them to plead \"nolo contendere", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended sentences", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "civil disobedience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "part of a rule", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "protesters choose to go to jail, as a way of continuing their protest", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "the members of the Navy", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "protesters", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "civil disobedience", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "the members of the Navy\". As a result, the judge increased her sentence from 40 to 60 days", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "the members of the Navy\". As a result, the judge increased her sentence from 40 to 60 days", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "to win an acquittal", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "to win an acquittal", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "jury nullification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "breaking the law for self-gratification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "conscientious", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "breaking the law for self-gratification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction, is generally viewed as not being a civil disobedient", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "covertly and avoiding attribution", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "existence of a particular law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "breaking that law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Fully", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "rence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "his \"just deserts", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "just deserts", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "his \"just deserts", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "planning", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "known client", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "Engineering News-Record (ENR", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "the Top 400", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "Engineering News-Record", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "litigation", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "litigation", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "waste", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "January 2013", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db99": "translation of designs into reality", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "cost efficient bidder", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "integration of previously separated specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "a \"design build\"", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "ask for too little money", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "each side", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner selects the ideas he or she likes best and hires the appropriate contractor", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "consortium of several contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "first phase of the project. As they build phase 1, they design phase 2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "the municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "government", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a343,389 per annum", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a343,389 per annum, compared to \u00a340,000", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "$100,000 annually", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "charging their students tuition", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "to select their students", "57274712708984140094dbad": "$45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "$45,000", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "university-preparatory schools or \"prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "High tuition, schools claim, is used to pay higher salaries for the best teachers", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox Christians", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "parochial", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "their power of expulsion", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "always more expensive", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "11.1%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "only non-profit trusts and societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "Annual Status of Education Report", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "fees", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "the Society of Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "English, but as a compulsory subject, Nepali and/or the state's official language", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "the nation's then-private Catholic school system", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "King", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Catholic schismatic group", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "English, mathematics and natural science", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting scheme", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "post-secondary and non-degree programmes, including vocational and technical courses", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "but deserving high school graduates", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "privately governed", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "private", "57275409708984140094dc35": "Model C", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups", "57275409708984140094dc37": "higher school fees", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "Knowledge School\u201d), offers 30 schools and a web-based environment, has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "innovative school voucher", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13 years old", "572756265951b619008f886e": "pupils aged up to 13 years old", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8871": "Fees range from under \u00a33,000 to \u00a321,000 and above per year", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "1954", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "with all deliberate speed\", local families organized a wave of private \"Christian academies\"", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "white", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "1954", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Establishment Clause", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter", "572759665951b619008f8883": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "406 U.S. 205 (1972", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510 (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923).", "572759665951b619008f8887": "McCrary", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "quality private schools in the United States charged substantial tuition", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "Groton School", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "18 million volumes", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Allston neighborhood of Boston", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "New College\" or \"the college at New Towne\".", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "a year later, in 1804", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "Ralph Waldo Emerson", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "James Bryant Conant (president, 1933\u20131953", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "segregated", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "Radcliffe", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "the State House", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "south of Harvard Yard along or near the Charles River", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "the Quadrangle", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "the school, but surrounding community", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1875", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "2,400", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "the late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2007 as the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "four half-courses", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four half-courses", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "Harvard College", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "10%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "88%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "new", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three museums", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Busch-Reisinger Museum", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Arthur M. Sackler", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "parents", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1903, Harvard Stadium introduced a new era into football with the first-ever permanent reinforced concrete stadium of its kind in the country.", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "former", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "MAC", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23 years", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team (with a strong rivalry against Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B.", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B.", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau; authors Ralph Waldo Emerson and William S.", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "the St. Johns River", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "about 340 miles (550 km) north", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "the late 19th century", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "tourism is also important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's third largest seaport.", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands of years", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the Mocama", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "the River of May", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "Mateo", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "the St. Johns River", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "1783", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "hogs and cattle", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862 just outside Jacksonville proper resulted in the first Confederate victory in Florida.", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "the war.", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "aid the Confederate cause", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "the Battle of Cedar Creek", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "winter resorts for the rich and famous", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "President Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "May", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "May", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "Jennings declare martial law", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "more than 30", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World\"", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "the suburbs", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "library", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "sewage", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "1965", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "In the mid-1960s", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "inner city blacks", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "consolidation", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "1967", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "$2.25 billion", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "a half-penny sales tax", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "86.66%", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "The St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "The Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": "Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": "the Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164512": "Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164513": "28 floor Riverplace Tower", "572821274b864d1900164514": "37", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "mild and sunny", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers.", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C)", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "High heat indices", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "53 F", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "1871", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "1871", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab population", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city.", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "11.8% were vacant. 23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "94.1", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62 wealthiest individuals own as much wealth", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "recession", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "recession", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "more financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "62", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "recession", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "New York Times on July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "New York Times on July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "the Institute for Policy Studies, \"over 60 percent\" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans \"grew up in substantial privilege", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "marginal value added of each economic actor (worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "inequalities", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "marginal value added of each economic actor (worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "the productivity gap", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "mechanization and automation", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "proportion to capital inputs", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "workers) under competitive pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "mechanization and automation", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits. Over the long-term", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "mechanization and automation", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "raises the productivity", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "market", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "the law of supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "stable", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "offering a higher wage the best of their labor", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "market price of skill", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "low supply", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "high supply", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "few able or willing workers (low supply)", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\") such as vocation", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "survival needs such as income", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "vocation", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\") such as vocation", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "self-employment", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\") such as vocation", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\") such as vocation", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "necessity", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "as the taxable base amount increases", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "level of the top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "a more equal distribution of income across the board.", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "a tax by which the tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "The difference between the Gini index", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "poor", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment. Conversely, education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps to unleash the productive potential of the poor", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "one more year", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "Standard & Poor", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "decrease in the price of skilled labor. High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "compression", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "a period of compression", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "a period of compression", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "low economic growth", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "union membership", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "the U.S. economy consistently affords a lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European countries", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes.", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "decline of union membership", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "decline of union membership", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "high levels of income inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "2006) of the CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "dramatically improves labor-market outcomes", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower level of economic mobility", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "technological changes and globalization", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "low levels of inequality", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements and vice-versa", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "fragmentation of the means of production, resulting in low skilled jobs becoming more tradeable", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers in the rich countries may see reduced wages as a result of the competition", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "Trade", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "technological innovation", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor in wealthier nations", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy, but income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference.", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males in the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "53% in Botswana to -40%", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males in the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "pregnancy", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "in US once other factors are accounted for", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "it acquires more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "having more wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "1970s", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "weak", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "It may be possible that another Kuznets' cycle is occurring, specifically the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "the", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "those", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "concentration", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "concentration", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "ation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "returns", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces should serve as a brake on such concentration, which may better be explained by the non-market force known as \"rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired skills to reward wealth creation, greater productivity", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power generated by wealth by certain groups", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "higher rates of health and social problems", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "620", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic growth", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "higher rates of health and social problems", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "obesity", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, women'", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "obesity", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "2004", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "longer", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "UNICEF", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "inequality in society.", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "luxury items", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "the additional dollar", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption, rather than income", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Will Wilkinson", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "journalist Thomas B. Edsall.", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "Raghuram Rajan argues that \"systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "poor", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "economists", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "the increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "education, experience, and apprenticeship", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "lower level of human capital formation (education, experience, and apprenticeship) and higher level of fertility, and thereby lower levels of growth.", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "higher levels of redistributive taxation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "relatively poor countries", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "relatively poor countries", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is \"little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is \"little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment\".", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "nearly 60 years", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "much land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "various associations", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200 steps and up to 14 years", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "David Rodda, Jacob Vigdor, and Janna Matlack), argue that a shortage of affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "the number of quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "1991, the number of quality rental units decreased as the demand for higher quality housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "rapidly", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "everyone", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "their finances", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "If there were fewer people however, this multiplier", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "as the poor people in the society become more wealthy", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "increases their yearly carbon emissions", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "Socialists", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "income in the form of a wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "socially owned", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "they", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "income inequality", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "economic growth and income", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "agency", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "human development", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "the ability to pursue valued goals", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "deprived of earning as much income", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "much", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "TARDIS", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "a sentient time-travelling space ship", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "1981", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "Cardiff", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Cardiff", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "new personality", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "a rogue Time Lord", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "Mark I Type 40", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "the appearance of local objects", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "Mark I Type 40", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "a Time Lord", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "humans", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "the Master", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "Nation's script became the second Doctor Who serial \u2013 The Daleks", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "aliens", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "Nation", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Terry Nation", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "26", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "Sophie Aldred", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "The BBC drama department's serials division", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "Fox Network in 1996", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "9.1 million", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "9.1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Rose", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "Rose\" on BBC One on 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2009", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Chris Chibnall", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Christmas Day", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "Battlestar Galactica", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "2005", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "1963", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "ten minutes", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "ten minutes", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "ten minutes", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "1963", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Doctor Who", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "the Museum of the Moving Image in London", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "the Museum of the Moving Image in London", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "Digital Spy", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "Doctor Who", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3%", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "Philip Howard", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "Monopoly", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "journalist", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "the TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who.", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "the Metropolitan Police Authority", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "1996", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "26", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989.", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "12", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "Trial of a Time Lord", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989.", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "13 45-minute", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The Eleventh Hour", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "2010", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "eight", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "eight", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "1080i", "572803493acd2414000df229": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22a": "97 of 253", "572803493acd2414000df22b": "seasons 3, 4, & 5", "572803493acd2414000df22c": "1978", "572803493acd2414000df22d": "97 of 253", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "bought prints for broadcast, or by private individuals who acquired them by various means.", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "home viewers who made tape recordings of the show.", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "8 mm cine film", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "home viewers", "572805363acd2414000df26d": "1 and 4", "572805363acd2414000df26e": "1 and 4", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", "572805363acd2414000df270": "Theta-Sigma", "572805363acd2414000df271": "2006", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "Second Doctor underwent a \"change of appearance\"", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "William Hartnell's poor health", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "William Hartnell's poor health", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "William Hartnell's poor health", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "William Hartnell's poor health", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "13", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "13", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "The Deadly Assassin", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "1996 TV film would later establish that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times, for a total of 13", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "The Day of the Doctor\"", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "John Hurt", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "the War Doctor", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "Richard Hurndall", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "the War Doctor", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "the 'Watcher", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "Richard Hurndall", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "The Four Doctors.", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "Jon Pertwee", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "2010, Peter Davison, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy and Paul McGann", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "Four", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "Four Doctors.", "57280e323acd2414000df349": "Mawdryn Undead (1983), the Fifth Doctor explicitly confirmed that he was then currently in his fifth incarnation.", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "the first incarnation", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "Mawdryn Undead", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "1983", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "An Unearthly Child, shows that the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman. In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "Ninth", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Susan Foreman", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "a human", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "The Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "The Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "a mysterious father figure", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen", "572811434b864d190016438c": "Bill", "572811434b864d190016438d": "Rose Tyler (Billie Piper), Martha Jones (Freema Agyeman), and Donna Noble", "572811434b864d190016438e": "Amy Pond", "572811434b864d190016438f": "2005", "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "2005", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "2005", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "2005", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "s", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "The Dalek race", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "The Dalek race", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "their eyestalk", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "a renegade Time Lord", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "a renegade Time Lord", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "Doctor Who, and was played by American actor Eric Roberts", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "a renegade Time Lord", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "a renegade Time Lord", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "Utopia", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "Time Lady", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Missy", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Missy", "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer", "572816213acd2414000df42a": "Dick Mills", "572816213acd2414000df42b": "musique concr\u00e8te", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "Ron Grainer", "572816213acd2414000df42d": "Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "Ron Grainer", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Seventh", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "Ron Grainer", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "2007 series", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "The Snowmen", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "228", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "The Snowmen", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "228", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "The Day of the Doctor\" in November 2013", "572819864b864d190016447e": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d190016447f": "Mankind", "572819864b864d1900164480": "24", "572819864b864d1900164481": "Timelords", "572819864b864d1900164482": "24", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "Talons of Weng-Chiang", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "The Christmas Invasion", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "19 November 2006 to raise money", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "Royal Albert Hall", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Music of the Spheres\"", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "2008\u20132010 specials (The Next Doctor to End of Time Part 2", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "8 November 2010", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The Day of the Doctor\"", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "2012", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "As of 2014", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "Fourth Doctor's final season", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The Day of the Doctor\"", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "BBC One channel", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "Tom Baker", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "circa 1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "BBC One", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "16 million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "BBC Board of Control", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "three to five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "three to five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "2005", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "The Five Doctors", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "1988 story Silver Nemesis was broadcast with all three episodes airing back to back on TVNZ", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "12", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "12 May 1996 on CITV in Edmonton, Canada, 15 days", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "20th anniversary special The Five Doctors had its d\u00e9but on 23 November", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "The Five Doctors in 1983", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "SyFy", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "The Five Doctors in 1983", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) since January 1965", "572825714b864d1900164590": "1976", "572825714b864d1900164591": "Three", "572825714b864d1900164592": "Space", "572825714b864d1900164593": "Its airing of The Talons of Weng-Chiang", "572825714b864d1900164594": "Judith Merril", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "Billie Piper", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "9 October 2006", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "CBC", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "One episode of Doctor Who (The Infinite Quest", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "UMD", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "Terry Nation", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "David Banks", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006. John Barrowman", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006. John Barrowman", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006. John Barrowman", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "the United States", "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "Sarah Jane Adventures", "57282f204b864d190016468c": "David Tennant", "57282f204b864d190016468d": "David Tennant", "57282f204b864d190016468e": "Sarah Jane Adventures", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "Pulfrich", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "Pulfrich", "572831512ca10214002da04a": "1999", "572831512ca10214002da04b": "four", "572831512ca10214002da04c": "Richard E. Grant", "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Richard E. Grant", "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da086": "Star Trek: The Next Generation", "572833662ca10214002da087": "Blue Harvest\" and \"420", "572833662ca10214002da088": "Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies), the character of Vince", "572833662ca10214002da089": "Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da08a": "young adult fantasy novels Brisingr and High Wizardry", "572834524b864d1900164716": "a 21-minute", "572834524b864d1900164717": "21-minute", "572834524b864d1900164718": "Doctor Who and the Pescatons", "572834524b864d1900164719": "1981", "572834524b864d190016471a": "Slipback", "572835854b864d190016472e": "1999", "572835854b864d190016472f": "the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", "572835854b864d1900164730": "1999", "572835854b864d1900164731": "1999", "572835854b864d1900164732": "1999", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "the mid-sixties", "572836732ca10214002da0de": "Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0df": "Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "BBC Books", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "the early 1960s", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "producers", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "the BBC", "572838323acd2414000df737": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df738": "2005\u20132010", "572838323acd2414000df739": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Michelle Gomez", "572838323acd2414000df73b": "Missy", "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records", "57283a392ca10214002da119": "50th anniversary special", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic music", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "1975, Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "Doctor Who", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "third", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "SFX magazine", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "eight", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "Vincent and the Doctor\" was shortlisted for a Mind", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "Vincent and the Doctor\" was shortlisted for a Mind Award at the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards for its \"touching\" portrayal of Vincent van Gogh.", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "2009", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "critics and the public", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "six", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "The Empty Child", "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Spike Milligan (a Dalek invades his bathroom \u2014 Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry", "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Jon Culshaw", "57283e652ca10214002da168": "Lenny Henry", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "The Big Bang Theory", "57283e652ca10214002da169": "BBC Dead Ringers", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "The University of Chicago", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "5,000", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "the American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "the American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "$100,000", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson (trustee, treasurer", "572843304b864d1900164848": "College", "572843304b864d1900164849": "Mount Carroll, Illinois", "572843304b864d190016484a": "The University of Chicago agreed to confer a degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school who made a grade of A", "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "crime and poverty", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "second year", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "crime and poverty", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "allowed very young students to attend college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "George Beadle", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "George Beadle", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "rental", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth donated $300 million", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "School", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003), the Max Palevsky Residential Commons (2001), South Campus Residence Hall and dining commons (2009), a new children'", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "The University of Chicago", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left bank of the Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "Renmin University's campus in Haidian District.", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "a board of trustees", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 50 members including the university President", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four divisions of graduate research and seven professional schools", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven professional schools", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "50 academic majors and 28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five divisions", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "the New Collegiate Division", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "intense", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Undergraduate courses at the University of Chicago are known for their demanding standards", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "Urban Education Institute", "572855973acd2414000df928": "Sonia Shankman", "572855973acd2414000df929": "students with learning disabilities", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "9.8 million volumes, the 11th most among library systems in the United States. The university's main library is the Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "12 research institutes and 113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "the Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Fermilab, a nearby particle physics laboratory, as well as a stake in the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "Milton Friedman", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "the Miller\u2013Urey experiment", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "1996", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand major and non-major undergraduates", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association (UAA", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "Big Ten", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "the University of Chicago College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe Off-Off Campus, and the university-owned radio station WHPK", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "two", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "fifteen fraternities and seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "week-long winter festival, Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Oracle", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Katherine Dunham", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Sarah Koenig", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Roger Ebert", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "M.Sc)", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "M.Sc)", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council Samuel P. Huntington", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H.", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Robert A. Millikan", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Arthur H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Enrico Fermi, \"the father of the hydrogen bomb\" Edward Teller", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "borg", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Steven Levitt", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "historian Dipesh Chakrabarty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Yuan dynasty (Chinese: \u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o), officially the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "The Yuan dynasty (Chinese: \u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o), officially the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Kublai Khan", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Kublai Khan", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143; pinyin: D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Wade\u2013Giles: Ta-Y\u00fcan), establishing the Yuan dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "In 1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Great Yuan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Yuan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Great Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "G\u00fcy\u00fck", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "G\u00fcy\u00fck", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Khitan", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (\u5289\u9ed1\u99ac, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala (\u856d\u672d\u524c)", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (\u5289\u9ed1\u99ac, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala (\u856d\u672d\u524c)", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000 troops", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Shi Bingzhi (\u53f2\u79c9\u76f4, Shih Ping-chih)", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi (\u53f2\u79c9\u76f4, Shih Ping-chih)", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song dynasty ordered by T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "brother", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "Instability", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "jong", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "the Han Chinese", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "Confucian imperial examinations", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "1262", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "sage emperor by following the rituals of Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural growth", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "Song", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "The last Song emperor drowned", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "an inauspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "the Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "The Tran dynasty which ruled Annam (Dai Viet) crushed and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288).", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "discontent of some Mongol elite", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "\u5927\u5143\u901a\u5236", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "the War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "poison", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism.", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year-old Toghun Tem\u00fcr (Emperor Huizong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Song", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness", "572872822ca10214002da375": "time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia", "572872822ca10214002da376": "they were separated from both the army and the populace", "572872822ca10214002da377": "too Chinese", "572872822ca10214002da378": "short and marked by intrigues and rivalries", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "droughts, floods", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Red Turban", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Khanbaliq", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "Zhu Yuanzhang in the south.", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "It had significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "the Yuan court", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "the Yuan court", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "scientific education", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to \"Cambaluc", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Million", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "1299", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "possible famines, granaries", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "China", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "the Yuan dynasty", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "decade", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu gave strong influence to Kublai's early court", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "decade of Kublai's reign", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "decade of Kublai's reign", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "central government departments", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those institutions.", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "the Privy Council", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan,", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tangut", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "1269", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "zaju variety show", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "the same individuals", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "zaju variety show", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "the qu", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Tibetan variants", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars.", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars.", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "572881022ca10214002da416": "Yuan court", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism.", "572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal", "572881022ca10214002da419": "the Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Mongols", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277\u20131347", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Nestorian Christians", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "Nestorian Christians", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "Nestorian Christians", "572882242ca10214002da420": "Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries.", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "the bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "chao", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongols", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "the fear of transferring power to the ethnic Chinese under their rule. The Mongols and Semuren were given certain advantages", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "Ilkhanate", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Central Asian areas like Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand by the Mongols where they worked as artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "a Qara-Khitay", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "the Yuan Emperors", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "circumcision", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "semu class", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "four-class", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "four-class", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "Mongol and Semu", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "there were rich and well socially standing Chinese while there were less rich Mongol and Semu", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "the Korean King, who was ranked last", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Shandong, Shanxi", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "the Central Secretariat", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Zhongshu Sheng", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "East African Community", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "Lake Victoria", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Lake Victoria", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Lake Victoria, the largest tropical fresh-water lake in the world. This gives way to temperate and forested hilly areas in the neighboring western region", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "Lake Victoria", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "the Lower Paleolithic period", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "the first millennium AD", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Bantu and Nilotic", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "19th century", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Mount Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "God's resting place\" in all three languages", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "God's resting place\"", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "Ludwig Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Joseph Thompsons", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "game animals of Africa", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros,", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "June and September", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "Two million", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "more than 20 million years ago", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "Homo habilis (1.8 and 2.5 million years ago) and Homo erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154922": "Kamoya Kimeu", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "1.6-million-year-old fossil belonging to Homo erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Glynn Isaac", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "The Swahili", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "The Swahili built Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Duarte Barbosa", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Kenyan Coast", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "14th century", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "the City of Malindi.", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "August 1914", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "German East Africa", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces, determined to tie down as many British resources as possible.", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Northern Rhodesia", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "central highlands", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "central highlands", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "banned the growing of coffee", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80,000", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "the War Council. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps.", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "24 April 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "4,686", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "the Swynnerton Plan", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "Jomo Kenyatta", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "12 December 1963", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "the Kenya Independence Act 1963", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "a republic under the name \"Republic of Kenya\"", "572909406aef0514001549dc": "queuing", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "queuing", "572909406aef0514001549de": "Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "a presidential representative democratic republic", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "the head of state", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "the government", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "Senate", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "The President is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "Party of National Unity", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "Orange Democratic Movement (ODM)", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "complicity and to Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "Orange Democratic Movement", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "election riots", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "to avoid similar disasters", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "28 February 2008", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "become Kenya's second Prime Minister", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "PNU and ODM", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "the PM", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "te", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "the PM", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "29 February 2008, representatives of PNU and ODM began working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "formation of the grand coalition, in which the two political parties would share power equally.", "572913626aef051400154a30": "eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a31": "would eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a32": "eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a33": "27 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a34": "Second Republic", "572914441d04691400779025": "December 2014", "572914441d04691400779026": "President Uhuru Kenyatta", "572914441d04691400779027": "Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries", "572914441d04691400779028": "Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups", "572914441d04691400779029": "President Uhuru Kenyatta", "572914f46aef051400154a46": "Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip.", "572914f46aef051400154a47": "mid-2013 African trip.", "572914f46aef051400154a48": "Xi Jinping", "572914f46aef051400154a49": "US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip.", "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping missions", "572915621d04691400779030": "December 2007 and the violence", "572915621d04691400779031": "December 2007 and the violence that subsequently engulfed the country,", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", "572915e43f37b31900478006": "less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "credible claims of corruption were made with regard to recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "notoriety", "572916f16aef051400154a56": "Human Development Index", "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Kenya", "572916f16aef051400154a58": "$1.25", "572916f16aef051400154a59": "frontier", "572917743f37b3190047800d": "service sector", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "16%", "572917743f37b31900478010": "16%", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "75%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "61%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "tourism", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "most years since independence", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "Germany", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "24%", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "24%", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "weather-related fluctuations", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "Pigeon peas are very drought resistant", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "stimulating the growth of local seed production", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "20\u201325%", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "20\u201325%", "57291b461d04691400779049": "fertile highlands", "57291b461d0469140077904a": "wheat", "57291b461d0469140077904b": "savanna", "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53%", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "August and September 2011 prompting the Kenyans for Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14%", "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu", "57291beb1d04691400779056": "small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen)", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "1997", "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Turkana", "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10", "57291f153f37b31900478045": "Exploration", "57291f153f37b31900478046": "20% to 25%", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "$474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "$474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "60", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "Base Titanium", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "problems", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "Vision 2030, an economic development programme it hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030.", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "low carbon climate resilient development pathway'. At the launch in March 2013, the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "the coming months", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "low carbon climate resilient development pathway", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "delivery framework for the Action Plan and ensure climate change is treated as an economy-wide issue", "572920d73f37b31900478055": "agriculture", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "30%", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "9\u201318", "572920d73f37b31900478058": "poverty", "572921646aef051400154a78": "English", "572921646aef051400154a79": "English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a7a": "commerce, schooling and government. Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "British English is primarily used in the country.", "572922206aef051400154a8a": "Christian", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "83%", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "3 million", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "300,000", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region, comprising 50%", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Christian", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "300,000", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "80%", "572924b53f37b31900478068": "80%", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "65,000", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country; 8,600", "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty", "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half", "572925491d046914007790c5": "Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition", "572925491d046914007790c6": "poor leadership in the public health sector", "572925491d046914007790c7": "15 million", "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British colonists", "572925a81d046914007790ce": "British colonists", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Ominde Commission", "572925a81d046914007790d0": "identity and unity", "572925a81d046914007790d1": "1964 and 1985", "572926086aef051400154ac2": "1981", "572926086aef051400154ac3": "8\u20134\u20134 system (eight years in primary, four years in secondary, and four years in university education).", "572926086aef051400154ac4": "8\u20134\u20134 system (eight years in primary, four years in secondary, and four years in university education).", "572926086aef051400154ac5": "1992", "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "vocational subjects", "572926653f37b3190047807b": "on the assumption that the new structure would enable school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector", "572926653f37b3190047807c": "the Government of Kenya announced the introduction of free primary education. As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "70%", "572926d23f37b31900478083": "six years", "572926d23f37b31900478084": "Basic formal education starts at age six years", "572926d23f37b31900478085": "Basic formal education starts at age six years and lasts 12 years", "572926d23f37b31900478086": "polytechnic or other technical college and study for three years", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "85%", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "Preschool, which targets children from age three to five", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "a key requirement for admission to Standard One", "5729276c1d046914007790da": "Kenya Certificate of Primary Education", "5729276c1d046914007790db": "Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), which determines those proceeding to the universities, other professional training or employment. Students sit examinations in eight", "572927d06aef051400154ade": "Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154adf": "Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "a peoples university", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "A public library is seen as a peoples university", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "Kalenjin", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kalenjin", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Kalenjin", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. New athletes gained attention, such as Pamela Jelimo", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Pamela Jelimo", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "Samuel Wanjiru", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Pamela Jelimo", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "because of economic or financial factors", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "volleyball", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "2003", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "March 2007", "57292994af94a219006aa131": "Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": "Safari", "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "three", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "10 o'clock", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "10", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "10 o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi).", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "1988", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "Resolution 43/53", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean economist", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "322", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "the IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "the IPCC Trust Fund", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "not carry out research", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data.", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "of sufficient quality", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "the \"grey literature", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "Working Group chairs", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "Working Group chairs", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "Working Group chairs", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "The coordinating lead authors are responsible for assembling", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "executive", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "business as usual\" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 \u00b0C per decade during the [21st] century.", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business as usual\" (BAU", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 \u00b0C per decade", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "16 national science academies", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16 national science academies", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90% certain", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "SPM)", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "John", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "climate assessment reports, the IPCC is publishing Special Reports on specific topics.", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "to Advance Climate Change Adaptation", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized, the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", "572940246aef051400154bec": "the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bee": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bef": "the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "WWF", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance\".", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "WWF", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "WWF", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "glaciers", "572941273f37b319004781af": "chair of the IPCC working group II", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "glaciers", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Michael E. Mann", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "exceptional in comparison to temperatures between 1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Science and Environmental Policy Project", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "James Inhofe", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten of these 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "Crowley & Lowery 2000 (as cited in the TAR) and Osborn & Briffa 2006", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007", "572945b11d04691400779230": "observations.", "572945b11d04691400779231": "observations", "572945b11d04691400779232": "observations", "572949306aef051400154c68": "rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine's State of the Planet 2008-2009", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "large scale", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success has been compared with dealings with other environmental challenges", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "case of Climate Change", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "everyday relevance", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "UK government", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "research", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "a serious shortcoming", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors \u2013 wrote in the journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors \u2013 wrote in the journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors \u2013 wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC.", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "the panel employ a full-time staff", "572953013f37b3190047824d": "to conduct photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824e": "energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH", "572953013f37b3190047824f": "ATP", "572953013f37b31900478250": "Calvin cycle", "572953013f37b31900478251": "1 in algae up to 100", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "pinch in two", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "light color and intensity", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "dynamic", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "a photosynthetic cyanobacterium", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "dynamic", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "endosymbiosis", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "endosymbiosis", "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria", "572957361d046914007792d0": "thylakoids", "572957361d046914007792d2": "two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d3": "a peptidoglycan", "572957361d046914007792d1": "blue-green algae", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "Somewhere around a billion years ago", "572957ad1d046914007792da": "Somewhere around a billion years ago", "572957ad1d046914007792db": "cyanobacterium", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "phagosomal membrane", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "time", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "primary plastids (\"plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "primary plastids", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "13", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "a chloroplast", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "Cyanophora", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "a carboxysome", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "icosahedral", "57295a116aef051400154d44": "a double membrane", "57295a116aef051400154d45": "a double membrane", "57295a116aef051400154d46": "Rhodoplasts have a double membrane", "57295a116aef051400154d47": "Rhodoplasts have a double membrane", "57295a116aef051400154d48": "pyrenoids. Rhodoplasts have chlorophyll a", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "b", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "accessory pigments", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "green", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, though they've been repurposed for use in chloroplast division", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "b", "572961f61d04691400779359": "a double membrane", "572961f61d0469140077935a": "additional membranes", "572961f61d0469140077935b": "when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote", "572961f61d0469140077935c": "three or four", "572961f61d0469140077935d": "The engulfed alga", "572962953f37b319004782f5": "three membranes", "572962953f37b319004782f6": "a group of common flagellated", "572962953f37b319004782f7": "groups of three", "572962953f37b319004782f8": "paramylon, which is contained in membrane-bound granules in the cytoplasm of the euglenophyte.", "572962953f37b319004782f9": "three", "572963221d04691400779385": "Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast.", "572963221d04691400779386": "four", "572963221d04691400779387": "a nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes", "572963221d04691400779388": "four", "572963221d04691400779389": "stacks of two", "572963876aef051400154dd2": "Cryptosporidium have lost the chloroplast completely.", "572963876aef051400154dd3": "Cryptosporidium have lost the chloroplast completely.", "572963876aef051400154dd4": "malaria parasite", "572963876aef051400154dd5": "red algal derived chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "fatty acids, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, iron-sulfur clusters", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "lost all photosynthetic function", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "four membranes", "572965566aef051400154e00": "the peridinin-type chloroplast", "572965566aef051400154e01": "Starch is found outside the chloroplast", "572965566aef051400154e02": "peridinin-type chloroplast", "572965566aef051400154e03": "t", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "Karenia", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "red algal derived chloroplast", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "four", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "six membraned chloroplast", "572966626aef051400154e13": "cryptophyte", "572966626aef051400154e14": "phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte", "572966626aef051400154e12": "a kleptoplast", "572966626aef051400154e15": "phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast. These chloroplasts are bounded by up to five membranes", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "up to five membranes", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "up to five membranes", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "food", "572967e31d046914007793b1": "the dinophyte nucleus", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage", "572967e31d046914007793b3": "peridinin chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b4": "green algal derived chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "peridinin chloroplast and replaced it with a green algal derived chloroplast", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "endosymbiotic events", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "early stages of endosymbiosis", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "a million", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "850", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "a million", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "ctDNA, or cpDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "1962", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "1986", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "1986", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations.", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "direct repeats", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "stabilize", "572969f51d046914007793dd": "theta intermediary form, also known as a Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle mechanism.", "572969f51d046914007793de": "two", "572969f51d046914007793e0": "theta intermediary form", "572969f51d046914007793df": "double displacement loop", "572969f51d046914007793e1": "theta intermediary form", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "A \u2192 G", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "when it is single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "linear", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "linear and replicates through homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "linear", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "linear", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "linear cpDNA, such as maize", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "maize", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": "maize", "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f2": "nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "red algal derived chloroplast", "57296b151d046914007793f4": "red algal derived chloroplast", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": "tRNA", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "half of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "exaptations", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "the cytosol, you have to cross the cell membrane, just like if you were headed for the extracellular space", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "a ribosome", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "a ribosome in the cytosol", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely", "57296cb21d04691400779403": "lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779404": "lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779405": "1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", "57296cb21d04691400779406": "Sirogonium", "57296cb21d04691400779407": "lens-shaped", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "cyanobacteria", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "homologous to the cyanobacterium's original double membranes", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "mitochondrial double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "chloroplast double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "to generate ATP energy", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "thylakoid system", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "double membrane", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "amyloplasts in petals and roots", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "a stromule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "to increase the chloroplast's surface area", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "1962", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "peripheral reticulum consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "increase the chloroplast's surface area", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff", "57296eb01d04691400779435": "own ribosomes", "57296eb01d04691400779436": "two-thirds", "57296eb01d04691400779437": "two-thirds", "57296eb01d04691400779438": "Small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts", "57296eb01d04691400779439": "translation initiation", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "45\u201360 nanometers across", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "45\u201360 nanometers across", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "45\u201360 nanometers across", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360 nanometers across", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "a lipid monolayer", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "a thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "thylakoid network", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "their parent thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "chains", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them.", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779440": "pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779441": "two to a hundred thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779442": "10\u201320", "57296fd71d04691400779443": "lamellar thylakoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "carotenoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "light energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "carotenoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "a large protein complex", "572970916aef051400154eba": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana", "572970916aef051400154ebb": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebc": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebe": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebd": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "57297103af94a219006aa423": "thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa424": "thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa425": "\u03b2-carotene is a bright red-orange", "57297103af94a219006aa426": "a bright red-orange", "57297103af94a219006aa427": "orange-red zeaxanthin", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": "all colors", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": "all colors", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "all colors", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": "40 nanometers across", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "40 nanometers across", "572971af6aef051400154ede": "rubisco", "572971af6aef051400154edf": "a problem\u2014it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "Calvin cycle", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "ATP energy", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "light reactions", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "photosystem II", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "NADPH, as well as oxygen", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "four-carbon compound", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "light reactions", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "photosynthetic parts of a plant green", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "the chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "l", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "collenchyma tissue", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "10 to 100 chloroplasts", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "stems", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "stems", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "8\u201315 per cell, as well as much less chlorophyll", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "bundle sheath cells", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "the mesophyll", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "low-light conditions, they will spread out in a sheet", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "plant cell's cell wall", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "photooxidative damage", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "hypersensitive response", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "defense-molecule production", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa453": "Chloroplasts", "57297427af94a219006aa454": "molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa455": "unstable molecules, so they probably don't leave the chloroplast, but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "the chloroplast", "572974923f37b3190047840b": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": "Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen", "572974923f37b3190047840e": "chemical energy", "572974923f37b3190047840f": "chemical energy", "572975073f37b31900478415": "mitochondria", "572975073f37b31900478416": "thylakoid space", "572975073f37b31900478417": "up to a thousand times as many", "572975073f37b31900478418": "mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy.", "572975073f37b31900478419": "mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy.", "572975511d046914007794a7": "NADP+", "572975511d046914007794a8": "NADP+", "572975511d046914007794a9": "C4 plants", "572975511d046914007794aa": "Cyclic photophosphorylation", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "Calvin cycle", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "unstable six-carbon molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "three-carbon molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "one out of every six produced leaves the cycle\u2014the end product of the dark reactions", "572976183f37b31900478431": "glucose", "572976183f37b31900478432": "low photosynthesis rates", "572976183f37b31900478433": "glucose", "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged roots can also cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts", "572976183f37b31900478435": "photosynthesis-depressing factor", "572976791d046914007794af": "O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP", "572976791d046914007794b0": "when the oxygen concentration is too high", "572976791d046914007794b1": "RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis\u2014it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO2, and produces no sugar", "572976791d046914007794b2": "RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis\u2014it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO2, and produces no sugar", "572976791d046914007794b3": "C4 plants are notable as they exhibit a distinct chloroplast dimorphism", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "cysteine and methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "cysteine and methionine", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": "undifferentiated proplastids", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "apical meristems", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "root tip meristems", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "exposed to the required light", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "a plastid that lacks chlorophyll", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "prolamellar body", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "they have a yellow chlorophyll precursor stocked.", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "Gymnosperms", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit.", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "illuminated. If a plant is injured, or something else causes a plant cell to revert to a meristematic state", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "Min system manages the placement of the Z-ring, ensuring that the chloroplast is cleaved more or less evenly.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "PD rings form. The inner plastid-dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "PD rings form. The inner plastid-dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "5 nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "5 nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "PD rings form. The inner plastid-dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", "572978e66aef051400154f76": "Light", "572978e66aef051400154f78": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", "572978e66aef051400154f79": "dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", "572978e66aef051400154f77": "Light", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "developers", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "pollen", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "3 in 1,000,000", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "pollen", "57296d571d04691400779413": "no positive divisors other than 1", "57296d571d04691400779414": "a composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "a product of primes that is unique up to ordering", "57296d571d04691400779417": "1 as a prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "572970c11d04691400779463": "There are infinitely many primes", "572970c11d04691400779464": "There are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical behaviour of primes in the large", "572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "every even integer", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "No even number greater than 2 is prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "6", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "not prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers are multiples of 2 and numbers ending in 0 or 5 are multiples of 5", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "Greeks", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "the prime numbers have several properties that the number 1 lacks", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic (mentioned above) would not hold as stated.", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "a prime", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "the Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "the fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "the Ancient Greeks", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "the Greeks", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "each integer m", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "None of these numbers divides 37, so 37 is prime", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms.", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "trial division", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "trial division", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "it will always identify a prime number as prime and a composite number as composite.", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "trial division", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "there are some composite numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Fermat primality test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "2p \u2212 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2, for any natural number n > 3", "572985011d04691400779504": "Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "when a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor is one", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor is one", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6(1", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges (i.e., exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "identity", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "the asymptotic distribution of primes (about x/log x of numbers less than x are primes, the prime number theorem", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "the prime number theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "six primes", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "there are infinitely many primes of the form n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "there are infinitely many primes of the form n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Legendre's conjecture", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "hash tables and pseudorandom", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "a recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "a recurring decimal, whose period is p \u2212 1", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! + 1 is divisible by p", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "p", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "prime", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange,", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange,", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "512", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "after a few weeks", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "after 7, 13 or 17 years", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2% higher", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the prime field is the smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "prime", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "minimality", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "prime elements and irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "prime element", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "prime element", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "the Gaussian integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "Rational primes (i.e. prime elements in Z) of the form 4k + 3", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "a prime ideal", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "theorem", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ring of integers", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "proving quadratic reciprocity", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "proving quadratic reciprocity, a statement that concerns the solvability of quadratic equations", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "local) fields", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "the field of real numbers", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "Prime numbers", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Prime numbers", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third \u00e9tude, \"Neumes rythmiques\"", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "Rhineland", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "Rhineland", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Rhineland", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "Rhineland", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Rhineland", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Rhineland", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "Rhineland", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Greek orthography, while the vocalisation -i- is due to the Proto-Germanic", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "Greek orthography, while the vocalisation -i- is due to the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as *R\u012bnaz", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Greek orthography", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Greek orthography", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "R\u0113nos", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "number of canalisation", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "number of canalisation", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "the Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "the Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Liechtenstein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "the Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "sediments", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "Gai\u00dfau, H\u00f6chst and Fu\u00dfach. The natural Rhine originally branched into at least two arms", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Gai\u00dfau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment into the lake will silt up the lake. This has already happened to the former Lake Tuggenersee", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three bodies of water: the Obersee", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "the Untersee", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake\"), the Untersee (\"lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three bodies of water: the Obersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Obersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, and the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "near the surface", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Mainau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "surface", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Lindau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "the water level", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "Lake Constance", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "the river Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "the river Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German-Swiss border from Lake Constance", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "the \"Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "a major bend", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "300 km long and up to 40 km", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "the \"Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "the \"Rhine knee\"", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "Alsace", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "the Main", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Luxembourg", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "the Neckar, the Main", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "more than 40", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "2002", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "70 m3/s", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Cologne", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Cologne", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Cologne", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisport", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Datteln", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "400", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west, through the Waal", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "the Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "the Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "Meuse", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "The Oude Maas", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "the Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "the Lek", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "the Rhine", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "a sluice", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "Lek", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "\"the Rip", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1904, the Meuse and Waal merged further upstream at Gorinchem to form Merwede", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "Gorinchem to form Merwede", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "archipelago", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels for the numerous polders", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "second half of the 20th Century", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "\"dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "a tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "180 MBP", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "the Eurasian and African tectonic plates", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "a N\u2013S", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "the Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Rhone and Danube", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "the Meuse", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "11,600 years ago", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "2.5 million years ago", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest, France", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "Netherlands", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "dry land", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "present", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "coastal processes", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed.", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "peat", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "peat formation", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "central Germany", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "north and enters the IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "IJsselmeer", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "the Rhine formed the boundary between Gallia and Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Gallia and Germania", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The upper Rhine and upper Danube", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Xanten", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Cologne", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "Cologne", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "the 5th century", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "Drachenfels", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "By the 6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "end of World War I", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "the German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "resentment", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "the Western Allies", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "the Western Allies", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "Westminster", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "the Parliament of Great Britain", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "rising support for Scottish independence, as well as the SNP", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "Scottish National Party", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "Edinburgh provided that the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "blueprint for devolution in 1995, the Convention", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "a new Scottish Parliament Building", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "Glasgow, and to the University of Aberdeen", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Glasgow, and to the University of Aberdeen", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "the City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge in Edinburgh", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "main hall", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "one MSP to serve as Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "129 MSPs", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "July 1999", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "October", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited space", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "Official Report", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesday", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "the balance of religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "parliamentary bureau. Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to nominate speakers", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "the division bell", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "alerts MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "There will be a division", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "in seconds", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "\"free votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral issues", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "according to the party line", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Decision Time a \"Members Debate\" is held, which lasts for 45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Members Business", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "an MSP who is not a Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "The relevant minister", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "the fact that there is no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "conduct inquiries", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday morning", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "a small number of MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "Mandatory", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more) of the departments", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Education and Culture", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Subject Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "A further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "A further type of committee", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "The Scotland Act 1998", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "borrowing powers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Reserved", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "a committee", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "a number of stages", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "Stage 2", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "whole Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "Stage 2", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "Opposition", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "Date", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "Royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "Date", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "the Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "after a general election)", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "first Thursday in May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "first Thursday in May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "the Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28 days", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "The First Minister", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "After the statement has been delivered, the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "11:40 a.m", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "First Minister's Question Time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "73 are elected to represent first past the post constituencies", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "The party with the highest quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "second", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "list", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "Members of the police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "over the age of 18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Scottish Parliament", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane under the terms of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a majority SNP government", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "there was sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on Scottish independence", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "David McLetchie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Cameron", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Political", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres of life.\" Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "state power seized by revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic process", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "Lebanon", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and groups such as the Taliban", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "Muslim Brotherhood movement and its focus on Islamisation of pan-Arabism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "Hayri Abaza", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error.", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "an error", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "Hayri Abaza", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "quietist/non-political Islam", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "Afghanistan", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "bulwarks against\u2014what were thought to be at the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "making peace with Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "Saudi", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "Shia", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the \"gold standard\" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims.", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "rhetoric", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "student advisory groups", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "Oxford University press", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "Hindu-majority population", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted ideas of greater Islamic political co-operation", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "1972", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "modern context", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "1972", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "an educational process or da'wah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Arab world", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "it was described as \"semi-legal\" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "Israeli", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "Israeli", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Ba'athism, Arab socialism, and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "Sunni", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "the Western governments", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, the Iranian government enjoyed something of a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni \"Arab street,\"", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "jad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "the Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "40th Army into Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "the Gulf War", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "groups", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "9/11 attack", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "moderate", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "manifesto Milestones", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "Islamic Group", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "Islamic Group", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "Jamaa Islamiya", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "Jamaa Islamiya", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "1988", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "drinking alcohol and going about without hijab", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "zeal", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "it won the majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "1979", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "minister of education", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "military", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "liberal government", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "Osama bin Laden", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "to alleviate the high rate of unemployment", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "An Islamist movement", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "communist forces", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "the Deobandi movement", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "eleven-year military dictatorship and Islamism became his \"official state ideology\".", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "banning alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism became his \"official state ideology\"", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "The Islamic State", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "The Islamic State", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "it lacks international recognition", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "early 2014", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "The United Nations has held ISIL responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "the 7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Jordan", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "allowing them free rein", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "the imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called for establishing something similar to the defunct U.S.", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "communist ideology", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "use of military force", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "empire", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "a powerful form of dominance", "57306797396df919000960ee": "uneven trade agreements forcefully", "57306797396df919000960ef": "physical control or \"full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960f0": "general-purpose aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts that cannot be repaid, ownership of private industries", "57306797396df919000960f1": "taking over territories", "573081c2069b531400832133": "the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "monopoly capitalism", "573081c2069b531400832136": "their political and economic authority over other nations", "573081c2069b531400832137": "Political power grew from conquering land, however cultural and economic aspects flourished through sea and trade routes", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "\"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the imperial power", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the imperial power", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "Imperialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "Imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "the defense and justification of empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races which can do this work best, i.e. by the races of highest 'social efficiency", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "the races which can do this work best, i.e. by the races of highest 'social efficiency", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "\"whiteness", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216e": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216f": "Royal Geographical Society of London", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "environmental determinism", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "sparse Aboriginal inhabitants", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "Roman law", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography of the East", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "a negative vision of itself, as its inferior", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "irrational and backward", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "early Western imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "negative vision of itself, as its inferior", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps during the \"scramble for Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "maps \"contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps during the \"scramble for Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "scramble for Africa\". He states that maps \"contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "in the dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Oyo Empire, Asante Union", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Oyo Empire, Asante Union", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.", "57309446396df919000961b8": "1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", "57309446396df919000961bb": "1700", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "World War I, making the many imperial powers", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "the machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "Southern Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "1880s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "Joseph Chamberlain", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "Joseph Chamberlain", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "Joseph Chamberlain", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1883\u20131950", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "capitalism, aristocracy", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940), Joseph Schumpeter", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "\"less civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "climatic zones", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention from the European empire", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "empires", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "159", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "the Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Algeria", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "Germany", "5730a951069b531400832213": "they have a duty to civilize the inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "Christianity", "5730a951069b531400832215": "settlers", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "In World War II", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "1000", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "late antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "central Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "the late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862\u201390", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "Prussia unified the other states", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "1905", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thai", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "korenizatsiia", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "World War II, the Soviet Union installed socialist regimes modeled on those it had installed in 1919\u201320", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Trotsky", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "the Americans", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time.", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "writer", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "business, labor and government leaders", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "the Anti-Imperialist League", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "\"racket\"", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "indigenous peoples", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "internal colonialism", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32 provinces and numerous vassal states", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Caucasus", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "recovering its lost territories", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Istanbul", "5730982f396df919000961e2": "United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "The United Methodist Church (UMC", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e5": "United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "Wesleyan", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80 million", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "the largest mainline Protestant denomination", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "3.6%", "57309921396df919000961f6": "the mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f7": "the mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f8": "John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "1735", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "to teach the gospel to the American Indians", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "to teach the gospel to the American Indians", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "salvation by God's grace", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "the American Revolution", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "fellow priest", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "Thomas Coke", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "St. George's", "57309adb396df919000961fd": "St. George's", "57309adb396df919000961fe": "1767", "57309adb396df919000961ff": "a sail loft on Dock Street", "57309adb396df91900096200": "1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "St. George's Church", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": "1830", "57309d31396df91900096211": "1830", "57309d31396df91900096212": "1844", "57309d31396df91900096213": "1844", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "April 23, 1968", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "the two churches", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "Thy Church and now in The United Methodist Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "holy catholic (or universal) church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "the Council of Chalcedon", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "the United Methodist Church", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "Thomas Vasey", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Richard", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "union", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace, or the grace that \"goes before\" us, is given to all people", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Prevenient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "given to all people", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "sin", "5730aeba069b531400832241": "Christ", "5730aeba069b531400832242": "Christ", "5730aeba069b531400832243": "conversion", "5730aeba069b531400832244": "conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\" or being \"born again\"", "5730aeba069b531400832245": "the New Birth", "5730afed069b53140083225f": "that grace of God", "5730afed069b531400832260": "a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves.", "5730afed069b531400832261": "Sanctifying Grace", "5730afed069b531400832262": "a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "to", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "prima scriptura", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "race, gender, and ideology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "Book of Discipline, United Methodist theology is at once \"catholic, evangelical, and reformed.\"", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "pro-choice", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "all women", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "mother", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "TUMAS)", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice at their General Conference, held in May 2012", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "the temperance movement", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "2011 and 2012", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "The Use of Money,\" and in his letter to an alcoholic", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "United Methodist Church, along with other Methodist churches, condemns capital punishment", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "Matthew 5:38-39", "5730b54c069b531400832290": "General Conference", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "United Methodist Church", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "1999", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "2016", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "the Connectional Table", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "the UMC", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "resolutions", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "1987", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "violating church law", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "The Baltimore-Washington Conference", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "always", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with Christ's message and teachings", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "national foreign policy", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "general and complete disarmament", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "Sexual Ethics", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "United Methodist Church teaches that pornography is \"about violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "physiological", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "IVF", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "adult stem cells", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "research\"", "5730c059069b531400832305": "Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", "5730c059069b531400832306": "the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", "5730c059069b531400832307": "John Wesley himself provided a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "United Methodist Church in Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "oil", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "Methodist institutions", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "William Booth", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "the Book of Resolutions", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "five", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "seven", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "to elect and appoint bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "elect and appoint bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "Episcopal Areas", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "the Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "church bishops", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Southern Methodist University", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "The Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination. It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "twice a year at various locations throughout the world", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice a year", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "The Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "The Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "Annual Conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "three members and no more than nine", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "three members and no more than nine", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The church conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "officers", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "one hundred", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities. The church operates three hundred sixty", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "pastor", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Annual Conference Order of Deacons", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "Annual Conference Order of Deacons", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "Annual Conference Cabinet", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "the resident bishop", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "the bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "local church", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133 years", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "District Superintendents", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133 years", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "contribute in worship", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons assist elders in the sacraments of Holy Communion and Baptism, and may be granted sacramental authority", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "sacramental authority", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "sacramental ministry", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished. This created new orders known as \"provisional elder\" or \"provisional deacon", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "shall not extend beyond it", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "licensing school and attend and pass an approved five-year", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "lay members", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism. Baptized Members are those", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "confirmation", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "transfer from another Christian denomination", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "Baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "confirmation and membership preparation classes, students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people, including adults", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "certified lay servants", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "certified lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "annually", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "advanced", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals and in the World Evangelical Fellowship", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "\"blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "May 2012", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "1985", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million members in nearly 42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "8 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "8 million members in over 34,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "11.4 million", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "the World Methodist Council, an interdenominational group composed of various churches in the tradition of John Wesley", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "2006", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000 European settlers", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "1754", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755, six colonial governors in North America", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "None", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "expulsion of the Acadians", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "Prussia", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "Spain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "King William's War or Queen Anne's War.", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "Indians", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "Indians fought on both sides of the conflict, and that this was part of the Seven Years' War, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "King William's War or Queen Anne's War.", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "Europe", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763.", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Jumonville Glen", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "75,000", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "75,000", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "1.5 million", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "1.5 million", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "British, large areas were dominated by native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "them in authority to make agreements", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "western portions of the Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "native threats, but did not have any standing forces", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "French regular army", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "3,000 troupes de la marine", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "C\u00e9loron informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave.", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "expedition arrived at Logstown, the Native Americans in the area informed C\u00e9loron that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "he continued to trade with the British. \"Old Briton\" ignored the warning. Disappointed, C\u00e9loron returned to Montreal in November 1749", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "the English", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "his extensively detailed report, C\u00e9loron", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "Massachusetts Bay", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "mouth of the Monongahela River", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "resolving issues in Europe", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "but", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "On June 21, the French war party", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "military action", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "October 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "Jacques", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "France's claim to the region was superior to that of the British", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrec\u0153ur", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "40", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "scouting", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Dinwiddie ordered him to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work.", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "to gain the support of the British and regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "Major", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "Albany Congress in June and July, 1754", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "a unified front", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "Albany Congress", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "1,500", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "1,500 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 1755", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops, led by George Washington, retreated to Virginia", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "Fort Bull", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Johnson was seen as the larger threat, Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton, in the sole British success that year, captured Fort Beaus\u00e9jour in June 1755", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg, Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Petitcodiac", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River to attack the city of Quebec", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Scouts", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Ontario", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "any significant actions", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "August", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "Loudoun returned to New York", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Montcalm's Indian allies, angered at the lost opportunity for loot", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "1757", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "the St. Lawrence", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "the Duke of Cumberland", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "1757", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616df": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616e0": "he sent John Bradstreet", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "Pitt", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "Pitt", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "the Battle of Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "1760", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "General Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "September 1760", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "The British", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "The British", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "Britain", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "its North American provinces", "57340a094776f41900661780": "The British resettled many Acadians throughout its North American provinces, but many went to France, and some went to New Orleans", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "October", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "the Appalachian Mountains to its Indian population", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "leave", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "elimination of French power in North America meant the disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "By the early 20th century", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "four", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "four", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural or forced motion, which required continued application of a force", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "an external net force or resultant force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "every object with mass has an innate inertia", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "concept of relative velocities", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "a constant velocity", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "year", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "astronauts experience weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "Albert Einstein", "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "unclear", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass.", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "all forces are interactions between different bodies", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "a unidirectional force or a force that acts on only one body.", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "\u2212F", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "no internal forces", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass", "573766251c45671900574471": "Since forces are perceived as pushes or pulls", "573766251c45671900574472": "Since forces are perceived as pushes or pulls", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "vector quantities\". This means that forces follow a different set of mathematical rules than physical quantities that do not have direction (denoted scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "tug of war", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "point particle", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "if the forces are acting on an extended body, their respective lines of application must also be specified", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "the net force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "ninety degrees to each other have no effect on the magnitude or direction of the other.", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "yields the original force.", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "the components of the individual vectors", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "third", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "frictional surface", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "weighing scales and spring balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "vertical spring scale", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "vertical spring scale experiences the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction force\"", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "millennia", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "a mariner", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "a mariner", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "zero net force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "sometimes \"quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "quantum mechanics", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called the \"spin\"", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "the Pauli", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "electrons", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "electrons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force is a redundant concept arising from conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "fundamental interactions\"", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "Gauge bosons are emitted away from the vertex as wavy lines and, in the case of virtual particle exchange, are absorbed at an adjacent vertex.", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "his universal theory of gravitation", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything. Einstein", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "gravity", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "gravity", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "a correction, which could account for the discrepancy", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "a correction, which could account for the discrepancy", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "the straight line path in space-time", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global sense", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "a", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "nonexistence", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "attempting to reconcile electromagnetic theory with two observations, the photoelectric effect, and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe, proved troublesome", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "energy", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "a structural force", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "a structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "nuclear force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "searches for free quarks", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "heavy W and Z bosons", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "atoms at close contact", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects.:93", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "tables and floors", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys, which allow ideal strings to switch physical direction", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable.", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "laws", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids, differences in pressure result in forces being directed along the pressure gradients", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "Newton's laws", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "all strains (deformations", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "the stress-tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "shear", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "angle", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "there exists rotational inertia", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "radial (centripetal)", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial (centripetal)", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "the tangential force", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic or potential forms", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "potential forms", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "difference in potential energy between two different locations in space", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "contact forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "transfer of heat", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "Second", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "pound-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "newton", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "the metric slug (sometimes mug or hyl) is that mass that accelerates at 1 m\u00b7s\u22122", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "sth\u00e8ne" }