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This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1 on the all-nli dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

  • Model Type: Sentence Transformer
  • Base model: sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1
  • Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
  • Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
  • Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
  • Training Dataset:
  • Language: en
  • License: apache-2.0

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("Xavarary/mpnet-base-all-medium-triplet")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'A construction worker peeking out of a manhole while his coworker sits on the sidewalk smiling.',
    'A worker is looking out of a manhole.',
    'The workers are both inside the manhole.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 0.0779
dot_accuracy 0.9221
manhattan_accuracy 0.0783
euclidean_accuracy 0.0779
max_accuracy 0.0783

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 0.0921
dot_accuracy 0.9079
manhattan_accuracy 0.097
euclidean_accuracy 0.0921
max_accuracy 0.097

Training Details

Training Dataset

all-nli

  • Dataset: all-nli at d482672
  • Size: 557,850 training samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative
    type string string string
    details
    • min: 7 tokens
    • mean: 10.38 tokens
    • max: 45 tokens
    • min: 6 tokens
    • mean: 12.8 tokens
    • max: 39 tokens
    • min: 6 tokens
    • mean: 13.4 tokens
    • max: 50 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative
    A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane. A person is outdoors, on a horse. A person is at a diner, ordering an omelette.
    Children smiling and waving at camera There are children present The kids are frowning
    A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge. The boy does a skateboarding trick. The boy skates down the sidewalk.
  • Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "scale": 20.0,
        "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
    }
    

Evaluation Dataset

all-nli

  • Dataset: all-nli at d482672
  • Size: 6,584 evaluation samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative
    type string string string
    details
    • min: 6 tokens
    • mean: 18.02 tokens
    • max: 66 tokens
    • min: 5 tokens
    • mean: 9.81 tokens
    • max: 29 tokens
    • min: 5 tokens
    • mean: 10.37 tokens
    • max: 29 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative
    Two women are embracing while holding to go packages. Two woman are holding packages. The men are fighting outside a deli.
    Two young children in blue jerseys, one with the number 9 and one with the number 2 are standing on wooden steps in a bathroom and washing their hands in a sink. Two kids in numbered jerseys wash their hands. Two kids in jackets walk to school.
    A man selling donuts to a customer during a world exhibition event held in the city of Angeles A man selling donuts to a customer. A woman drinks her coffee in a small cafe.
  • Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "scale": 20.0,
        "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
    }
    

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • per_device_train_batch_size: 16
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
  • learning_rate: 2e-05
  • num_train_epochs: 1
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • fp16: True
  • batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 16
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 2e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.0
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1.0
  • num_train_epochs: 1
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: True
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 0
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: False
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: False
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: None
  • hub_strategy: every_save
  • hub_private_repo: False
  • hub_always_push: False
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • dispatch_batches: None
  • split_batches: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • batch_sampler: no_duplicates
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch Step Training Loss all-nli-dev_max_accuracy
0 0 - 0.0783
0.016 100 0.9326 -
0.032 200 0.7562 -
0.048 300 1.0227 -
0.064 400 0.6815 -
0.08 500 0.7091 -
0.096 600 0.8731 -
0.112 700 0.8263 -
0.128 800 0.9691 -
0.144 900 0.9814 -
0.16 1000 0.8569 -
0.176 1100 0.9649 -
0.192 1200 0.8079 -
0.208 1300 0.6868 -
0.224 1400 0.6749 -
0.24 1500 0.6968 -
0.256 1600 0.5537 -
0.272 1700 0.7242 -
0.288 1800 0.7363 -
0.304 1900 0.5771 -
0.32 2000 0.5519 -
0.336 2100 0.4775 -
0.352 2200 0.4376 -
0.368 2300 0.6341 -
0.384 2400 0.5207 -
0.4 2500 0.5106 -
0.416 2600 0.4666 -
0.432 2700 0.8047 -
0.448 2800 0.6638 -
0.464 2900 0.6554 -
0.48 3000 0.6055 -
0.496 3100 0.5947 -
0.512 3200 0.4352 -
0.528 3300 0.4421 -
0.544 3400 0.4187 -
0.56 3500 0.4056 -
0.576 3600 0.4046 -
0.592 3700 0.3629 -
0.608 3800 0.3428 -
0.624 3900 0.362 -
0.64 4000 0.5858 -
0.656 4100 0.7457 -
0.672 4200 0.7033 -
0.688 4300 0.5343 -
0.704 4400 0.4125 -
0.72 4500 0.4567 -
0.736 4600 0.4921 -
0.752 4700 0.5264 -
0.768 4800 0.4883 -
0.784 4900 0.4231 -
0.8 5000 0.5048 -
0.816 5100 0.4044 -
0.832 5200 0.5102 -
0.848 5300 0.3751 -
0.864 5400 0.5139 -
0.88 5500 0.4439 -
0.896 5600 0.3999 -
0.912 5700 0.4932 -
0.928 5800 0.4349 -
0.944 5900 0.6022 -
0.96 6000 0.5906 -
0.976 6100 0.5021 -
0.992 6200 0.0002 -
1.0 6250 - 0.0970

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.11.5
  • Sentence Transformers: 3.1.1
  • Transformers: 4.38.0
  • PyTorch: 2.2.2+cu121
  • Accelerate: 0.33.0
  • Datasets: 2.21.0
  • Tokenizers: 0.15.2

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
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