---
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- pearson_cosine
- spearman_cosine
- pearson_manhattan
- spearman_manhattan
- pearson_euclidean
- spearman_euclidean
- pearson_dot
- spearman_dot
- pearson_max
- spearman_max
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:20
- loss:CoSENTLoss
widget: []
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
  results:
  - task:
      type: semantic-similarity
      name: Semantic Similarity
    dataset:
      name: validation
      type: validation
    metrics:
    - type: pearson_cosine
      value: -0.10073561135203735
      name: Pearson Cosine
    - type: spearman_cosine
      value: -0.05129891760425771
      name: Spearman Cosine
    - type: pearson_manhattan
      value: -0.07223520049199797
      name: Pearson Manhattan
    - type: spearman_manhattan
      value: -0.05129891760425771
      name: Spearman Manhattan
    - type: pearson_euclidean
      value: -0.056592337170460805
      name: Pearson Euclidean
    - type: spearman_euclidean
      value: -0.05129891760425771
      name: Spearman Euclidean
    - type: pearson_dot
      value: -0.1007351930231386
      name: Pearson Dot
    - type: spearman_dot
      value: -0.05129891760425771
      name: Spearman Dot
    - type: pearson_max
      value: -0.056592337170460805
      name: Pearson Max
    - type: spearman_max
      value: -0.05129891760425771
      name: Spearman Max
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2) <!-- at revision 8b3219a92973c328a8e22fadcfa821b5dc75636a -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 256 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The weather is lovely today.',
    "It's so sunny outside!",
    'He drove to the stadium.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `validation`
* Evaluated with [<code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)

| Metric             | Value       |
|:-------------------|:------------|
| pearson_cosine     | -0.1007     |
| spearman_cosine    | -0.0513     |
| pearson_manhattan  | -0.0722     |
| spearman_manhattan | -0.0513     |
| pearson_euclidean  | -0.0566     |
| spearman_euclidean | -0.0513     |
| pearson_dot        | -0.1007     |
| spearman_dot       | -0.0513     |
| pearson_max        | -0.0566     |
| **spearman_max**   | **-0.0513** |

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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 20 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                       | sentence2                                                                        | score                                                          |
  |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                          | string                                                                           | float                                                          |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.0 tokens</li><li>max: 12 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 8 tokens</li><li>mean: 18.2 tokens</li><li>max: 31 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.1</li><li>mean: 0.84</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                   | sentence2                                                                                                                           | score            |
  |:--------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------|
  | <code>search for anti slip shoes</code>     | <code>Mens Shower Shoes With Holes Dry Quickly Bath Slippers Womens Non Slip Indoor Home Bedroom Pool Spa Guest College Dorm</code> | <code>0.8</code> |
  | <code>men slim jeans</code>                 | <code>Urbano Fashion Mens Slim Fit Jeans</code>                                                                                     | <code>0.9</code> |
  | <code>Looking for a red cotton shirt</code> | <code>Cotton Regular Fit Solid Red Shirt</code>                                                                                     | <code>1.0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 5 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                      | sentence2                                                                        | score                                                          |
  |:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                         | string                                                                           | float                                                          |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.6 tokens</li><li>max: 8 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 8 tokens</li><li>mean: 17.8 tokens</li><li>max: 27 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.54</li><li>max: 0.9</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                  | sentence2                                                                                           | score            |
  |:-------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------|
  | <code>sandal</code>                        | <code>Beslip Womens Mens Garden Clogs Shoes with Arch Support Unisex Comfort Slip-on Sandals</code> | <code>0.9</code> |
  | <code>Looking for a men black jeans</code> | <code>DENNIE FOSTE Men Regular Mid Rise Black Jeans</code>                                          | <code>0.9</code> |
  | <code>comfortable running shoes</code>     | <code>NYKD Everyday Stylish Running Sports Jacket with Pockets for Women</code>                     | <code>0.0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `learning_rate`: 3e-05
- `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: False

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 3e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 3
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: False
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss | loss   | validation_spearman_max |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:------:|:-----------------------:|
| 0.3333 | 1    | 5.5753        | -      | -                       |
| 0.6667 | 2    | 3.8769        | -      | -                       |
| 1.0    | 3    | 0.6162        | 9.5527 | -0.0513                 |
| 1.3333 | 4    | 0.9801        | -      | -                       |
| 1.6667 | 5    | 1.1051        | -      | -                       |
| 2.0    | 6    | 0.6455        | 9.1644 | -0.0513                 |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.14
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.42.2
- PyTorch: 2.3.0
- Accelerate: 0.31.0
- Datasets: 2.19.1
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### CoSENTLoss
```bibtex
@online{kexuefm-8847,
    title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
    author={Su Jianlin},
    year={2022},
    month={Jan},
    url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}
```

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