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Ra'avad on Mishnah Kinnim
ืจืื‘"ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืงื™ื ื™ื
merged
https://www.sefaria.org/Ra'avad_on_Mishnah_Kinnim
This file contains merged sections from the following text versions:
-Vilna, 1897
-https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002091974/NLI
ืจืื‘"ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืงื™ื ื™ื
ื”ืงื“ืžื”
<b>ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื–"ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•.</b>
ืœืืœ ื’ื•ืžืจ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืœื ืงืจืืžื• ื•ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืื•ืช: <br>ืื ื™ ืžืคื™ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ื•. ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช: <br>ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ืื•ืช: <br>ื•ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืจืฉ ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื“ืš ื•ื ืงืœื”. ื‘ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ื ื•ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืœืื•ืช: <br>ืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื—ืœ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ ืžื ืื•ืช: <br>ื™ืกื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื• ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืื•ืช: <br>ืืฉืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื ื• ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจืื• ืืœื”ื™ื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืœืื•ืช: <br>ืฉืœืฉื” ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืคืฉืจื™ื”ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช:
Chapter 1
Mishnah 1
ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืžืขืœื”. ืคื™' ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืืชื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืงืจื ื›ื“ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื“ืฉื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื”ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื“ื ื™ืžืฆื” ืืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื™ืžืฆื” ืžืฉืžืข (ืžืืœื™ื•) ืžื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ืžืฆื™ื)<sup class="footnote-marker">ื</sup><i class="footnote">ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื“ ื™ืžืฆื”.</i> [ื™ืžืฆื”] ื•ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืงื™ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžืชืžืฆื™ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื”ื ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืงื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืคื™' ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืกื™ืงืจื
ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื˜ืขืžื ื”ืชื ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจืงื ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžื ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ื™ื” ืจื—ืžื ื ื—ื˜ืืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื” ืชื—ืชื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื›ืžื ื—ื” ืžื” ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืชื” ืืฃ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืœื™ื›ื ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืชืงืฉ ืœื”ื–ืืชื” ืื™ืชืงืฉ. ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื’ื•ืคื” ืžื ื ืœืŸ ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื–ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—<sup class="footnote-marker">ื‘</sup><i class="footnote">ื‘ืชื•"ื› ืื™ ืืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื•'.</i> [ื™ื›ื•ืœ] ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืคื™' ืฉื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืžืงื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืฉื›ืœ ืคื ื•ืชื™ื• ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•
ืื‘ืœ ืžืœื™ืงืชื” ื‘ื›"ืž ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— [ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืœื™ืงืชื” ืžื™ื”ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื”ื ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—] ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ืืชื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ ื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคื–ืจ ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ [ื "ื ืฉื›ืš ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ื“ืžื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ืงืจื ืžื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื•ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืžืœืชื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืžืขืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืžืฆื” ื“ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืžื™ืฆื” ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ื“ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืกืคืจื ื•ื›ื•'] ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ืขื•ืฃ ืžืฆื” ื“ื (ื”ืจืืฉ) [ื”ื ืคืฉ] ื•ืœื ืžืฆื” ื“ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืกื•ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื ืžืฆื” ื“ืžื• ื“ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืžืขืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคืจื<sup class="footnote-marker">ื’</sup><i class="footnote">ื›ืืŸ ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื "ื ืฉื‘ื ืžืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื˜"ืก.</i>
ื•ื”ื–ืืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ [ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื•] ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ื›ื—ื˜ืืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ืืœื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืื•ื—ื– ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžื–ื” ื‘ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ืงืจื ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœืงื— ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื—ื” ืœืงื™ื—ื” ืžื•ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื‘ืื’ื ื•ืช ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืงื™ื—ื” ื•ื ืชื™ื ืช ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื”]
ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชืžืฆื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืžืฆื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื ืฉืืจ ืขืฉืื• ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื”ื–ืื” ื•ื”ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—' ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืฆื” ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืืœื™ื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ืฉืื ืœื ืžืฆื” ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœืœ ื›ืฉืจื” [ื’ื] ืื ืžืฆื” ื“ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื
ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ืขื•ื ื” [ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœื™ ื•]ืžืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ืขืœ ื“' ืงืจื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœืงื— ืžื“ืžื” ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื”:
ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื ืขืฉืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืขื•ืœืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ืคื™' ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืื” ืืœื ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื ืžืชืžืฆื” ืžืืœื™ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื–ื• ื•ื”ื”ื–ืื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชื–ื” ื•ื”ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืื™ื›ื ืชื ื ื“ืืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ [ื "ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ] ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื”.
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืžืœืง ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื ืžืฆื” ื“ืžื• ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื•ื›ื™ ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชืš ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ืžื•ืฆื” ืืœื ืžื” ื”ืงื˜ืจื” ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืœืžื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื•ื"ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ [ืžืขืจื›ื”] ืขืฆืžื” ื“ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืžืฆื” ื“ืžื• ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืœื ืžื” ื”ืงื˜ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืงืจืŸ [ื "ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืืฃ ืงืจืŸ] ืขืฆืžื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง. ื•ืž"ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™' ืขืœ [ื "ื ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืขืœ] ื”ืงืจืŸ ืงืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง ืืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ (ืœื”ืงื˜ืจื”) [ืœื”ืงืจื‘ื”] ื”ื•ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ [ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ืฉื]
ื•ืžืœื™ืงืชื” ื ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืงืจื ื“ืžื—ื“ ื˜ืขืžื ื ืคืงื™. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืžืœืง (ืืช ืจืืฉื•) ื•ื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ื•ื ืžืฆื” ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ืจื” ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืฉืื—ืจ ืžื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ืืœื ืœื ื‘ืื” ื”ืงื˜ืจื” ืœื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืœื™ื” ื”ืžืœื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื“ืคืจืฉื™ื ืŸ
ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช [ืœืžืขืœื”] ื›ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื˜ืขืžื ืค' ืงื“ืฉื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืคื™' ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื•ื“ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืฆืคื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืคื ื™ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœืš ืœืžื–ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ื’' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžื•ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื•ื“ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืžืœืง ื•ื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ื•ื ืžืฆื” ื“ืžื• ื•ื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ืžื•ืจืืชื• (ืžืขืœื™ื•) [ื‘ื ื•ืฆืชื”] ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืงื“ืžื” ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื“ืฉืŸ ืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืฉืžื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— [ื•ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืงื“ืžื” ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืฉ"ืž ืฉืžืงื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืœื ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืœื ืžื–ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืฉืžื• ืืฆืœ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื™ื“ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ื•ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘] (ืงื“ืžื” ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื™ื“ ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื–ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘) ื•ื”ืกื™ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื•ืœืง ื•ืžื•ืฆื” ืžืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืฉืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” (ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืžื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื) [ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืฉื] ืœืžื” ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื™ื‘ื ืขื“ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื ื—ืช ืืœื ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืžืœื™ืงืชื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ ื“ืžื” ืžืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื•ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืžืžื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืงืจืŸ ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคืกื™ืง (ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืืช ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื›ืฉืจื™ืŸ) [ื•ื"ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืฉืžื• ืืฆืœ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืžื” ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ืžื–ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืืžื•ืช. ืืฉื™ื‘ืš ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื™ื— ื‘ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ืœืฉื ืฉื›ืš ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœ"ื ืืžื” [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ื "ื‘ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืก"ื“] ื•ื›ืืŸ ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœ"ื‘ ืืžื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืœ"ื ืืžื” ื•ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื” ืืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืงืจืŸ ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœ"ื‘ ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืืฆืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื™ื•"ื“ ืืžื•ืช
ื•ื›ืฉืจื‘ื• ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื–ืจื—] ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืœืงื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” (ื”ื›ื”ืŸ) ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืœืง ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืŸ ืจืื•ื™ (ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื–ื•) [ืœื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ] ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง [ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืœ"ื ืืžื” ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืจื—ื™ืง ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื™ืจืื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื›ื‘ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื”ืงืจืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ืœืฉื]
ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืจืคื™ืŸ ืฉื ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื [ืืค"ื”] ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื–ืจืง ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆื” (ื“ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืฉืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—) [ืœืคื™ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืืช"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืฉืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ] ืื‘ืœ ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ื [ืžืงื•ื] ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœืฉืจื™ืคืชืŸ ืืœื ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื“ืžื” ื‘ืงื“ืฉ ืœื ืชืื›ืœ ื‘ืืฉ ืชืฉืจืฃ (ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ) [ืœื™ืžื“] ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ืคืกื•ืœื” ืฉืฉืจื™ืคืชื” ื‘ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”"ื” ืœืฉืืจ ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืœื”ื ืืœื ืžื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื• ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืฉืŸ [ื”ืงื“ืฉ] ืฉ"ืž ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืฉืŸ ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืŸ ื›ืžืฆื•ืชืŸ ืขื ื“ืฉืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื™ืŸ ื›ืžืฆื•ืชืŸ.
ื•ืขื•ืœืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืงืจื ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื ื”ืคืจ ื™ืฉืคืš ืืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ [ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืœืžื ืขื•ืœื” ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ืงืจืŸ ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื” ืœื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“] ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžื” ืื—ืช ื•ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืžื” ืื—ืช ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืžื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจืฉ [ื˜ืขืžื] ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘[ืคืจืง] ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ืื‘ ื™ื˜ืจืฃ ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื™ื” ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื” ื•ื‘ืื—ืกื ืชื™ื” ื™ืชื‘ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ื—ื
ื•ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ืืœื ื‘ืžื–ืจืง ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ (ื“ื”ื ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื–ื”) [ื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™' ืืฆื‘ืข]
ื•ืื ืฉื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืคืกืœ ื“ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคืจื ื•ืื ื”ืื›ืœ ื™ืื›ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื–ื‘ื— ืฉืœืžื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœื ื™ืจืฆื” ื”ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• ืคื’ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ืœื ื™ืจืฆื” ืืœื ืฉื ืฉื—ื˜ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื–ืžื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื—ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื ืฉืคืš ื“ืžื” ื™ืฆื ื“ืžื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงืœืขื™ื ื•ื”ืœืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื–ืจืงื• ืืช ื“ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉื ืชื ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื ืชื ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” [ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ืŸ] ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉื ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฉื ืชื ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืคืกื— ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืฉื—ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžืŸ ืช"ืœ ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืคื™' ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ืจืฉื]
ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื ืžื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ ืœื”ื• ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืคืจืฉืชื ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืืฉ ื™ืฉืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืืœื ื”ื˜ืžื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•' ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื ืชื ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉื ืชื ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืช"ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืชื” ืชืฆื•ื” ื’ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฉืจืคืช (ืืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจ) ื‘ืืฉ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ื™ ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ืฉืคืกื•ืœื• ื‘ืงื“ืฉ ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื”:
ืžืชื ื™' ืกื“ืจ ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช. ืคื™' ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื‘ ื•ื–ื‘ื” [ื•ื ื–ื™ืจ] ื•ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช [ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช. ื•ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืงื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืคืชื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช] ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ื‘' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงืจืื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื–ื• ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืœืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืืช ืงื ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืคืกืœ. ื"ื  ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉื ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขื•ืœื” ืžืืœื™ื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืกืœ ื•ื ืคืงื ืžืงืจืื™ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœืงื—ื” ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื‘ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื”ืŸ.
ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืฃ ืืœื ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ื‘ื ื“ืจ ื•ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืงืŸ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืŸ ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžืฉืชื™ื [ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื“ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ืœื ืงืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืฉ"ืž ืœื˜ืคื•ื™ื™ ืื—ืจืช ืงืืžืจ] ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ื›ื‘ืฉ ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืžืฉื›ื• ืœื”ืงืœ ืืœื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื [ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืก' ืฉืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœืžื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื”:
ืžืชื ื™'] ืื™ื–ื”ื• ื ื“ืจ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื–ื”ื• ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื”. ืคื™' ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืขืœื™ ื ืงืจื ื ื“ืจ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ืœื”' ืื• ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืื™ืกืจ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžืืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ื• ืชืงื—ื• ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืืฉืจ ืชืงื—ื• ืžืืชื. ืืœืžื ื ื“ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื• ื™ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื—ื— ื•ื ื–ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืืœื ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืืœื• ื’ื‘ื™ ื ื“ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืชื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ืœื”' ืืœืงื™ืš ืœื ืชืื—ืจ ืœืฉืœืžื• ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื™ื“ื• ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข [ืžืื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื›ื] ื”ื™ืœ"ืœ ืœื ืชืื—ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื•:
[ืžืชื ื™'] ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ืžืชื• ืื• ื ื’ื ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ (ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ). ื˜ืขืžื ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“ืชื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ (ืžื™) [ืืช] ืฉืืžืจ ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื” ืขื“ (ืฉื ืชื›ืคืจื”) [ืฉืขืช ื›ืคืจื”] ื•ืžืื™ ืžืฉืžืข ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื“ื™ืžื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ืื›ืชืคื™ื” ื“ืžื™ ื•ืฉื•ื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœ ืชืื—ืจ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืงืชื ื™ ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืจืฉ ืืœื ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“:
Mishnah 2
ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื"ื ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื"ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื” ื—ื˜ืืช (ืœืขื•ืœื”) [ืœืžืขืœื”] ื•ืขื•ืœื” (ืœื—ื˜ืืช) [ืœืžื˜ื”] ืคืกืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืœืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืจืขื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืกืชืื‘ื• ื•ื™ืžื›ืจื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื™ืคื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืฃ ื"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืฃ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืื ื‘ื—ืงืชื™ ืœืคืกื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืœื ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื“ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคืจื ื•ืžื™ื™ืชื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืค' ื”ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืกื›ื™ื ื•ืื ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ืžืื” ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื ื” (ืงืจื‘ืŸ) ืœื”' ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื”ืขืจื™ืš ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื“ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ืžืื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื˜ืžืื” ื•ืคื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืš ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ืžืื” ืืžื•ืจื” ื›ื•':
ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ืžื ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื ื“ื‘ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช. ืคื™' ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ื‘ื” ืื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืื• ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉื• ืื™ื–ื• ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืœืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื”ืŸ.
ื•ื”ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื•ื”"ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื™ืืžืจ (ื›ืŸ) [ื‘ื™ืŸ] ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื›ื•' ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืžืข ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืกื™ื“ืจ ืžืฉื ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื”. [ื•ืจื™ืฉื ืœื ืžืชื ื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืฉื ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืชื ื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื ื“ืžืชื ื™ ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ื“ื‘ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืคืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืคืœื™ื’].
ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžืืœื• ื”ืฉืœืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืืœื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืงืŸ ืื—ืช ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืžืชืขืจื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• (ื—ื™ื™ื‘) [ื™ื›ื•ืœ] ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื›ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืžื (ื”ืฉื ื™ืช) [ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช] ืฉืœ ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ (ืฉืžืฉืš) [ืฉืงืจื‘ื”] ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืœืขื•ืœื” [ืžื™ื“] ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ [ืžื”ืŸ] ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ืš ื”"ืœ ืกืคืง ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืœื—ื˜ืืช.
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงืŸ ืื—ืช ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ืื—ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชืขืจื‘ืช ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชืขืจื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื”ืจื™ ืขื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืช ื”ื ื“ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš ื•ื”ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื' ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืคืจืฉ:
Mishnah 3
ืžืชื ื™' ื‘ื“"ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื ื“ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ื' ืœื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ื’' ืœื–ื• ื•ื’' ืœื–ื• ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืคื™' ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืื• ืฉืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ื•ื‘' ืœื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื—' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืงื— ืžื”ืŸ ื“' ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš ืื ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ื•ืื ื”ื (ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ) [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ื›ืš ื "ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื•ืื ืชื’ื™ื” ื•ืื ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื• ื•ืชืžื—ื•ืง ืžืœืช<sup class="footnote-marker">ื</sup><i class="footnote">ื›"ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืžืœื"ืฉ ื•ืœื™ืชื ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื‘ื’ืž'.</i> ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช]. ืฉื ื™ื ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืœื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื–ื• ื•ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืœื–ื• ืื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœื–ื• ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœื–ื• [ื•ืื ื”ื ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื–ื• ื•ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ื•ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ืื• ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื–ื• ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื–ื• ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจ]. ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื‘ ืœืฉื ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืกืชื ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื ื‘ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืœืืฉื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื›ืžืขืฉื” ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ื‘ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ (ื”ืŸ) [ืืœื•] ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช [ืืœื] ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืคืกืœื•:
ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืœื–ื• ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื–ื• ื•ืžืื” ืœื–ื• ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื• ืงืŸ ืื—ืช ื•ืœื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ื™ืงื— ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืž"ืž ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ืงืŸ ืื—' ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืจืื•ื™ื” ืืœื ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืœืชื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืืœื ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ื•ืžืื” ืœื–ื• ืื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ื•ืžืื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืžื—ืฆื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื‘ื—ื›ื ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืžื™ืชื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืคืกื•ืœ:
[ืžืชื ื™'] ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉื ื' (ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื™ื“ื”)<sup class="footnote-marker">ื</sup><i class="footnote">ื‘ื›"ื™ ื ืžื—ืง ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืชืงืŸ ื ื™ื“ื” ื•ื ื™ื“ื”.</i> [ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื™ื“ื”] ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื• (ืœื™ื“ื”) ื•ืขืœ ื–ื• ืœื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื• ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืœ ื–ื• ื–ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื ืื—ื“ (ื›ื™ืฆื“) ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื• ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ื–ื• ื–ื™ื‘ื” ืคื™' ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืš ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ื–ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื•ื›ืœืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืืœืžื ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ืžื” ื–ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงื ื” ืžืœื™ื“ื” ืœืœื™ื“ื” ืืค"ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืงืŸ ื‘ืงืŸ ืกืคื™ืงืŸ [ืฉื•ื”] ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืื• ืœื‘' ื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืงืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžื™ื“ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืฉืชืžืฉืš ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืžื™ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืชืคืกืœ ื”ืœื›ืš ื›ืฉื™ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืงืŸ ื‘ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืœื ืงืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืงืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ืืช ื ืืžืจ (ืขื•ืœื”) ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืจืฉื” ืขืžื” ื‘ืงืŸ ื' ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืจื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ื™ืขืฉื ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉืชืŸ ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืœ ืงืŸ ื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืžืจื” ื–ื• ื”ืงืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืืžืจื” ืืœื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืฉื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืืœื• ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช [ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืžืชื•ืงืžื™ ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืคืจืงื™ืŸ]:
Mishnah 4
[ืžืชื ื™'] ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืื• ืฉื ืชื ื• ื“ืžื™ ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœืื™ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœืื™ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช. ืคื™' ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืžืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืœื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืื™ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ืœืืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืงื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืชืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืค' ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ืก"ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืœื• [ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช] (ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช) ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืœืง ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื (ืจืื•) [ื™ื“ืขื•] ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืคืจื” ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื ืืžืจ ื”ื•ื‘ืจืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื—ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื” ื—ืœืง ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื•ื–ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ื ืชื›ืคืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื”. ื•ื“ื•ื—ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืกื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื• ืžืชื—ืœื” [ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืชื ื• ืฉื™ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืงืชื• ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ืžื—ืœื• ื—ืœืงืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื”ื•ื” ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืชื—ืœื”] ื”ื•ื‘ืจืจ.
ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืคืจื” ืžื—ืœืงืŸ ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื—ืœื•ืงืชืŸ [ื "ื ื•ื”ื ืงืž"ืœ ื“ืœื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืื˜ื• ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื"ื  ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื“ืžืชื ื™' ื’ื•ืคื ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ ืงืคื“ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”"ืž ื›ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื• ื•ืื—"ื› ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืื‘ืœ ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืžืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื”ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืœื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืืชื” ืชื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืงืชืš ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ืฉืœื•ื—ื ื• ื›ื”ืื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืงืคื“ื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื›"ืฉ ื‘ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™' ืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ืืช ื›ื•' ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืืฉื” ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืขืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ืœืื•ืชื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื”ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื—ืœืชืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื›ื•'] ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžืขื•ืช ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื—ืœื•ืงืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ืžื—ืœื• ื—ืœืงืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœืงื—ื• ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื–ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” (ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”) ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ืืœื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื (ื”ื™ื) ื ืงื‘ืขืช (ื') ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื—ืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืช ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืชื ื• ืฉื™ื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืืคื™' ื—ืœืงื•ื ื”ื ืขืฆืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืข ืฉืงื‘ืขื•ื ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืžื—ืœื• ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืืช ื—ืœืงื ืื™ื ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื [ืœ] ืขื•ืœื” (ื”ื™ื) ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืชื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื ืชื ื” ื•ืฉืžื ื™ืขืฉื ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืชืคืกืœ ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžืขื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืืœื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื—ืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื•ืฉืžื ื–ื• ืชืขืฉื” ืžื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื–ื• ืชืขืฉื ื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืœื›ืš ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ (ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช) ื—ื˜ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื•ืœื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื“ ืฉืขืช ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื˜ืืช ืื• ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื–ื• ื•ื›ืฉืชืœื• ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืœื• ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืœืœ.
ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืืœื• (ื”ืŸ) ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืืคื™' ื”ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืืœื ื"ื› ืชื‘ื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืชืชื ื” ืขืžื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ืืคื™' ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ ืขืœืชื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœืžื™ ืขืœืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืœื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื [ื‘ืชื—ืœื”] ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื ืืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื”:
ืกืœื™ืง ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื”. ื•ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืงืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื–ืจ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ื ื” [ืื‘ืืจ ื‘ื• ื›ืคื™ ื›ื— ืœืื‘ืจื. ื ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ืขื˜ื”ื• ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื’ืŸ ื•ืฆื ื” ืœืฉืžื— ื“ื•ื™ ื ืคืฉ ืขื’ื•ืžื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืจื ื ื” ืงืจืื”ื• ืืœื”ื™ื• ืžืžืกื™ื‘ื”. ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื—ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืงื”ื• ื‘ื ื—ืœ ืžืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื‘ื ื—ืœื™ ืืœ ื•ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ื” ื™ื—ื ื”ื• ืืœื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื•ื™ืชืžื•ืš ืืช ืืฉื•ืจื• ื‘ืกื˜ื ื” (?) ื™ืคืœืก ืžืขื’ืœ ืืจื—ื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•. ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ื’ื ื˜ืžื•ื ื”]
Chapter 2
Mishnah 1
ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืคืจื— ืžืžื ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืœืื•ื™ืจ ืื• ืฉืคืจื— ืžืžื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ืื• ืฉืžืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืงื— ื–ื•ื’ ืœืฉื ื™. ืคื™' ืฉืคืจื— ืžืžื ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืœืื•ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ืœื” ืื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื' (ืžืžื ื”) [ืžื”ื ื”] ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ืคื™' ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืชื” ืื• ืฉืžืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืงื— ื–ื•ื’ ืœืฉื ื™ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื—ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืื• ืฉืžืชื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืื• ืื™ื–ื• ืžืชื” ื•ืื ื–ื• (ื”ื™ื”) [ื”ื™ื] ื”ื ืฉืืจืช ืื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืกื“ื• ื•ืื™ืœื• ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืœื•ื.
ืคืจื— ื' ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืฉื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. ืคื™' ืคืจื— ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื™ืงืจื‘ ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื• [ื–ืืช ื”ืคืกืงื ื•ืคืกืงืช ืฉื‘ืข ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™'] ืคื™' ืคืกื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืขืฉื• ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืœื• ืื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื•:
Mishnah 2
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื–ื• ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื–ื• ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืคืจื— ืžื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—' ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื—ื–ืจ ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื•. ืคื™' ื”ืจื™ ืœื–ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื–ื• ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืฉืคืจื—ื” ืžื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”' ืขื•ืœื” ื' ืฉืžื ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื•ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืžื ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืจื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™.
ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื’' ืื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” (ืื—ืช) [ืื—ืจืช] ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืจืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื—ืžืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืœืš ืืฆืœื” ืื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื ืขื•ืœื” ืž"ืž ืžืžื” ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืœื” ืฉืชื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืื ืขืฉืชื” ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš ืฉืื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื—ืžืฉ (ื—ื˜ืื•ืช) ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืื ืขืฉืชื” ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื™ื”ื• ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืื• ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ืžื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืžืกืชื•ืžื” ืœืกืชื•ืžื” ืคื•ืกืœ ื' ื›ืืŸ ื•ื' ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื•.
ื•ืื ื—ื–ืจ ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืคื™' (ืื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื' ื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžืžื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื' ื•ืœื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื” ื›ื™ ืื ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื“' ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืืžืจ) [ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืขื•ื“ ื' ื›ืืŸ ื•ื' ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ื™ ืื ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื“' ืœื–ื• ื•ื“' ืœื–ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื•ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื–ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื–ื• ื ืืžืจ] ืฉืžื ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืœื” ื ืฉืืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืื—ืจ ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืคืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช (ื”ืœืœื•) ืฉืžื ื' ืžื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืœืฉื ืœื ืขืœื” ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฉืžื ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ืจื™ ื•ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืฉื ืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื' ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืจืช ืื• ืฉืžื ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืจื™ืช ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืฉื ืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืคืกืœ ืžืžื ื” ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื–ืจ [ื•ืคืจื—] ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืฉืœืฉ ืืช (ืฉืœื”) [ื’'] ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืืœื ืื—ืช ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื” ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื›ืš ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืฉืื™ืœื• ื ืฉืืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”' ืœื—ืžืฉืชืŸ ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืื ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื' ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื”ื ื›ืจื™ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ืื ื”ืฉืชื™ื ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื' ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืžืžื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืืœื ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ืกืคืง ื”ื ื›ืจื™ ืคื•ืกืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืคื•ืกืœ ืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื' ื›ืืŸ ื•ื' ื›ืืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื' ื›ืืŸ ื•ื' ื›ืืŸ ืคืจื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืคืจื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื›ืœื•ื ืฉืืคื™' ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื™ื ืคื™' ืืข"ืค ืฉืคืจื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืคืจื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื' ื•ื' ื•ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืืคื™' ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื™ [ื "ื ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื“' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื“' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืฉืžื ืื•ืชืŸ ื“' ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื”ืŸ ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื“' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื”ืŸ ื•ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื"ื  ืื™ืคื›ื ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืžืกืคืง ืืค"ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘' ืงื™ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืื ื”ื“' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ื“' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืš ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื"ื  ืื™ืคื›ื<sup class="footnote-marker">ื</sup><i class="footnote">ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืืœ ื•ืื ื™ืงืฉื” ื”ืžืงืฉื” ื›ื•' ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ.</i> ื•ืื ื™ืงืฉื” ื•ื›ื•'. [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื ื•ืกื—ื ื–ื• ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื•ืื–ื™ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืื—ืจืช ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื ืžืœืš] ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ ืืœื ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืœื ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ ืืœื ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื ืขืœื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฉื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืš ื"ื  ืื™ืคื›ื (ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™) ื•ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืœื• ืœื”ื ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ.
ื•ืื ื™ืงืฉื” ื”ืžืงืฉื” ื”ื™ืืš ืืžืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืฉืื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืŸ ื' ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืž"ืž ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืชืงื ืชืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื›ืš ืชืจืื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ื•ืื—"ื› ืืžืจื” ื”ืชืงื ื”:
Mishnah 3
ืœื–ื• ื' ื•ืœื–ื• ื‘' ื•ืœื–ื• ื’' ื•ืœื–ื• ื“' ื•ืœื–ื• ื”' ื•ืœื–ื• ื•' ื•ืœื–ื• ื–' ืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื‘' ืœื’' ืœื“' ืœื”' ืœื•' ืœื–'. ืคื™' ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื’' ืœื“' ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืื—"ื› ื—ื–ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืคืจื— ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ
ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื•ื' ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ื“' ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืชื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’' ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื“' ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” (ืฉืฉ) [ื”'] ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืคื™' ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื‘ืคืจื™ื—ืชื• ื•ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื ื›ืจื™ ืฉืžื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื• ืฉืžื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืคื•ืจื— ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื•ืื—ืจ ื—ื–ืจ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื”ืœื›ืš ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ื ื›ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื ืืžืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื” ื ืฉืืจื• ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฆืื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื’' ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืกืœื•ืช ื“' ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช [ืฉืœื ืขืœื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ] ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื (ื ืคืกืœื”) [ื ื›ื ืก ืœื”] ืืœื ื ื›ืจื™ [ืื—ื“] ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ื•ืกืœืง ื ื›ืจื™ ื' ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืืœื ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื–' ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืืœื ืงืŸ ื'
ืคืจื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืคื•ืกืœ ื' ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื•ื' ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื“' ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืชื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืคืขื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืคื•ืกืœ ื' ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื ื”ื–' ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื“' ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื–' ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืคื™' [ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื] ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืฉื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” (ืฉืชืคืกื™ื“) [ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื”] ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ืœื’' ืคืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช (ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•) [ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช] ืฉืฉ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ื“' ืฉืชื™ื (ื•ื”' ืฉืœืฉ) [ื›ื•'] ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื' ื‘ื ืžืœืš ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืžืœืš ืฉืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœืชื” ื' ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืœื”' ื’' ื•ื›ื•' ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืžืœืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืชื—ืœื” ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ืืœื ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื“' ืชื—ืœื” ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ืืœื ืฉืชื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื' ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืชื—ืœื” [ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืชืขืœื” ืœื” ืืœื ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื ื• ื–ื” ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืชื—ืœื”] ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืื—ืช ืชื—ืœื” ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืืœื ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”.
ื–ื” ืฆ"ืข ื“ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืคื™' ืื—ื“ ื“ืื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื• (ืœืขื•ืœื”) [ืœืžืขืœื”] ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจืช (ืœืขื•ืœื”) [ืœืžืขืœื”] ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ื–ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืคืจืฉ ืฉืื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื” ืืœื [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืชืžื™ื”ื ื™ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื“ืื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืงืจื‘ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ื•ืœื ืฉืชื™ื. ืข"ื›. ื ืจืื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื "ื ื“ืžื•ืงื™ ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื“ื‘ื ืžืœืš ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืงืžื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ื "ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื ืคืจื— ื›ืœื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื•ื” ื ื™ื—ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื ืงืจื‘ ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ ื–"ืœ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืข"ื› ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืข"ื›]. ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื ืขืœื” ืœื” ืžืคื ื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื' ืืฆืœ ื”ื’' ื•ืื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืฉืžื ื ืฉืืจื• ืœืฉื ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืชื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœื” ื•ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืื ืชื‘ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื•ืฉืžื ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœืฉื ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ื [ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื] ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืžื™ ื ืืžืจ ืื™ืคื›ื ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืืฆืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื ืขืฉื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืš ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’' ืœื‘ื“ื” ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื“' ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื” ืืœื ืงืŸ ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืงืŸ ื”ื“' ืœื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” (ื”ื™ื) ื•ืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœื” ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”"ื” ืฉืื ื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœื• ืœื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ ืค"ื’ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื–ื• ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœื–ื• ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื“ืงืกื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ ืชื ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื“ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืงื™ ืœื” ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืค' ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืฉื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ืคืกื“ ืื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืชื”ื ื ืคื˜ืจืช ืขืžื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืคื™' ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช (ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช) ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื’' ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืœื• ืœื” (ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ืชื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช) ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื™"ื‘ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืชืืžืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื ืื•ืชืŸ ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ืื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืœื ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืš ื•ืื ื”ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ืื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืœื ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื’' ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืœืš ื•ื"ืช ืฉืžื ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ืืœื ืžืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื"ื› ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืขืžื” ื"ื› ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืœื ืžืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืฉื™ืช ืžืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื [ื›ื•ืœื] ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื ื ืฉื ื‘ืฉืฉื™ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื"ื› ืื™ื™ืชืจื• ืœื”ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ืžื“ืœื ืื™ื™ืชืจื• [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ื "ื] ืฉ"ืž ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื"ื› ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืกืคืง ื ื›ืจื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืคืจื” ื›ืœืœ ื›"ืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืŸ ืœื”ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืŸ ืœื”ื• ื›ื“ืืžืจืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ืž"ืž ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืข"ื™ ืชื ืื™ ืืœื ืื• ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื–' ื™ืขืœื• ืœื” ื”ื’' ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื–' ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืœื ื—' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” (ื˜') [ื™"ื‘ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ] ื•ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืขื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืžื” ืœื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืื™ ื•ื™"ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ื•ืื—"ื› ืืžืจ ื”ืชืงื ื”. ื•ืขื™"ืœ ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืฉื™ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืฉืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืชื ื [ืงืžื] ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืฉื™ืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื–' ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืžืฉ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช [ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœื” ื•ืขืœื• ืœื” ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืจื™] ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื“' ืงื ื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืชื ืœื ืขืœื• ืœื” ื›ืœื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื ืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืœื” (ืืœื ืข"ื™ ืคื™ื™ืก ื•ืื ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืœืฉืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืœื”) ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื–' ืžืคืกื“ืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืฉืงืจื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืจืฉื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื ืขืœื• ืœื” ืืœื ื’' ืžืคื ื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” (ื”ืœื›ืš) ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืืœื• ืฉืœื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืงืจื‘ื• ื›ืœืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืฉื™ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืื—"ื› ืชื‘ื™ื ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ืชืชื ื” ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืื ืชืงื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืขืœื• ืœื” ื›ืœื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉืœืฉื” ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืกืคืง ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืงืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื• ืœื” ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขื ืžื™ ืชืชื ื” ืœื ืขื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื ืขื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœืœ [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืคื™' ืฉืœืฉ ืงื ื™ื ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื“ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื–"ืœ] ื•ืฉืžื ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืืฆืœืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ื ื”ืœื›ืš ืข"ื› ื•ื“ืื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื–ื”ื• ื˜ืขืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ื—ื›ื ื”ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืื ืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืคื™' ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืคื™' ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ื ืœืคืกืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ื ื™ื” [ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืฉืœื ืคืจื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื ืคืจื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ] ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื [ืขืœื•ืช ืœื”] ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™' ืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคืจืง ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืค"ื’ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ืคื•ืกืœ ื' ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืฉื–ื” ืื™ื ื• [ืืœื] ื›ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืืœื• ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžื ื”ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื”ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื ื• ื›ืœืœ ื•ืงืŸ ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ืžืคื ื™ ืกืคืง ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ (ื”ื ื›ืจื™) ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ื‘ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืฉืชื™ื ืขืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืฉืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ืžืฉืชืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ืžืจื ืขืฆืžื” ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืœื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื—ืœืง ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืžืœืš: ื”ื’ื”"ื” ื"ื  ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ืžืจื ื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ ืชื“ืข ืœืš ืฉืœื ืชืžืฆืื ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืืœืžื ื›ื™ ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื” ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ืืคื™' ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืชื ื ื—ื“ื ืคืกืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื™ื”ื• ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืกืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืกืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืชืŸ ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืืคื˜ื•ืจื™:
[ื "ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืคื™' ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืชืฉืข ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœืฉื” ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื•ืชืืžืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ืื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืœื ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœืฉ ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืฉืœืš. ื•ืื ื”ืฉืœืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืš ื”ืจื™ ืื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืœื ืฉืœืฉ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืฉืœืš. ื•ื"ืช ืฉืžื ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ืืœื ืžืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื"ื› ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืขืžื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืขืžื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืฉื™ืช ืืœื ืกืคืง ื’' ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืฉื” ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉืœ ืฉืฉื™ืช ื’' ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืืœื ื’' ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืœื ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื’' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืžื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื›ื“ืคืจื™ืฉื™ืช. [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืคื™' ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื–ื•ืœืชื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืคืจื—ื• ืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื' ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืคืกื“ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืคืจื—ื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื”].
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืขืœื” ืœืฉืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื“ืŸ ื•ืื—"ื› ืืžืจ ืชืงื ืชืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™' ืœืžืขืœื”.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ืžื™ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื ื™ ืกืคืงื•ืชืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืŸ ืชื‘ื™ื ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื' ื•ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™"ื‘ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืกืคืงืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›"ื“ ืงื ื™ืŸ [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืคื™' ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื™ ื›"ื“ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ื–' ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื“'] ื•ืชืชื ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ื•ืชืืžืจ ืื ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืชื—ืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืฉื‘ืืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื•ื"ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“"ื— ื›"ื“ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื™"ื‘ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืชืฆื ื‘ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชืฆื ื‘ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื–ืืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืชืฉื”ื ื–ื• ืืช ืงื ื™ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืืช ืงื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื™ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืฉืชื™ื ืื• ื™ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืข ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืฉื”ื•ืช ืืช ืงื ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ืคืชื— ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื™ ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืงื ื™ ืกืคื™ืงื” ืขื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชืชืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื•ืื– ืชืคื˜ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืขื ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืช ืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ืš ืชืชืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืช"ืง ืก"ืœ ืฉืื ืชื‘ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื™ืžืœืš ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ืชืŸ ืœื ื ืคืชื— ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืคืกื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคืกื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืžื ืชืฉื”ื” ื–ื• ืืช ืงื ื”.
ื"ื  ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืœื• ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช ืžืคืกื“ืช ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชืฉืข ื”ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืื ื ืคืชื— ืœื”ื ื‘ืชืงื ืช ืฉืชื•ืฃ ืฉืžื ื™ืžืชื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืฉื”ื•ืช ืืช ืงื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื–ื” ื˜ืขืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคืจืง ืžืชื—ืœืชื• ื•ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื ื ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ืื‘ืœ ืื ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ืืœื ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ืžืฉืœ ื' ื•ืœื ืžืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื–ื• ื' ื•ืœื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืœื–ื• ื’' ื•ืœื–ื• ื“' ื•ื›ื•' ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื' ื•ื' ืžืคืจื™ื—ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงืŸ ื' ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ืงืŸ ื' ื•ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืงืŸ ื' ืœื™ื›ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœื”. ื”ืœื›ืš ืœื ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื” ืืœื ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืืคื™' ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืงืจื‘ ื›ืœืœ [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืฆ"ืข] ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ืคืจื— ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžื–ื” [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืฆ"ืข] ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘:
ื•ื”ืคืกืงื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืฉื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืคื•ืกืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืœื ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื” ืืœื ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืœืš ื”ืคื•ืจื— ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื’' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื‘' ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ืืคื›ื ื•ืื– ืœื ืคืกืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืœืš ืืœื ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘' ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื' ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื ื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื›ื™ ืฉืžื ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืžืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืชื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืžื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื” ื' ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื›ื™ ืื ืžืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ืฉืžื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื›ืจื™ื” ืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ืคื•ืกืœ ืฉื ื™ื ื–ื•ืœืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื•. ื”ื ื” ืฉืืœื• ื”ืฉืชื™ ืคืกืงื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื›ืฉืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืง ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื ืžืœืš ื•ื›ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื“"ื ื‘ื ืžืœืš ืืคืจืงื ืงืžื ืงืื™ ื”ืœื ืชืจืื” ืฉืœื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืค"ื’ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืžื™ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื ืฉ"ืž ื“ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื” ื•ืžืฉื ืชื ื• ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื“ื•ืจื”. ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืื• ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื‘ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืค"ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื' ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืคืกืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื• ื”ืคืกืงื ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ื‘' ืœื–ื• ื•ื’' ืœื–ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื–' ืœื–ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืžืœืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉื ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ื‘' ืœื–ื• ื›ื•' ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืŸ ืฉื•ื” ื•ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื” ื—ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื›ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืื—"ื› ื—ื–ืจ ืœื“ืจื›ื• ืœื ืžืœืš ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืื ืคืจื— ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืคืกืœื•ืชืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืชืžืฆื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืฉื™ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื ืžืœืš ืฉืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขืœื• ืœื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ ืค"ื’ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืœื–ื• ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื“ืื™ ืงืกื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ ืชื ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื“ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื” ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืก ื' ืคืจืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ ืคืกืงื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืกื—ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœ]
Mishnah 4
ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืœืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื™ืงื— ื–ื•ื’ ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ื–ืจ ืื• ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ [ืคื™' ื“ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ] ืคืจื— ืœืกืชื•ื ื•ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ื ืœืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื•. ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” (ื›ื‘ืจ) ืคื™' ืฉืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉื” ืื™ื–ื• ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืœืขื•ืœื” ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืคืจืฉื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” (ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืŸ ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื”) [ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื”] ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืจืจื”<sup class="footnote-marker">ื</sup><i class="footnote">ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื ืžื—ืงื• ื‘ื›"ื™ ืžืœื"ืฉ ื•ืข"ื– ืงืื™ ื”ื”ื’"ื” ืื—"ื›.</i> (ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืคืจืฉื” ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ) [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืืœื• ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืข"ืค ืฉื ืžื—ืงื• ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืฆืช ื”ื‘ื ื”] ื”ืจื™ ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืืœื ืœืžื™ืชื” ื•ื›ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืœืชื•ื›ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื•ืจื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืงื— ื–ื•ื’ ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื“ ื•ืื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ืื• ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœืกืชื•ืžื” ื”ืจื™ ืคืจื— ื‘ื” ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืช ื•ื™"ืž ืฉื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืจืจื” ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื ืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ืชื• ื ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื”ืŸ ืคืจื— ื”ืœื›ืš ื™ืžื•ืชื•:
Mishnah 5
ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืฆืข ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืœืš ื•ื' ืื™ืœืš ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ื ืืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื–ื” ืฉื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคื™' ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ืืœื• ืœืฉื ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืกืชื [ื•ืืœื• ืœืฉื ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืกืชื] ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื. ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืžืฆืข ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ืืœื• ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื–ืจ ืื• ืฉืคืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืฆืข ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืคื™' ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืžืฆืข ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืงืŸ ืœืืžืฆืข ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื ื“ืข ืื ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื—ื–ืจื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื• ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืกืคืงื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื• ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืื—ื“ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืžืฆื“ ื' ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืื ืžืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขืžื• ืื• ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ืกืคื™ืงื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื—ื–ืจ ืื• ืฉืคืจื— ืžืžื ื• ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื™' ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ืื• ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืจื™ืฉื ื“ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืžืฆืข ืืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืืžืฆืข ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื‘ื ื•ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื‘ื (ืคื™') ื•ืกื™ืคื ืงืž"ืœ ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืกืคืจื ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื•ื“ืื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื—ื–ืจื• ืืœื ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•ืจื™ืฉื ื ืžื™ ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ืืข"ืค ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืงืŸ ืœืืžืฆืข ื•ืœื ื ื“ืข ืžืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื—ื–ืจ ืื• ืฉืžื ืžืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืฆื“ ื›ืœ ื“ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืจื•ื‘ื ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ืžืฉื ื‘ืื• ื•ืื ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื [ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ] ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจ ืจื•ื‘ื ื“ื ื™ื™ื“ ืž"ื˜ ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืค' ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื•:
ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื—ื˜ืืชื” ืชื•ืจ ื•ืขื•ืœืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืชื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœืชื” ืชื•ืจ. ืขื•ืœืชื” ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื˜ืืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืชื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืคื™' ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื˜ืืช: ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื—ื˜ืืชื” ืชื•ืจ ื›ื•' ืงืกื‘ืจ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื ื' ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื›ืคืจ ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจื• ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื—ื˜ืืชื” (ื›ื•') [ืชื•ืจ] ื•ืขื•ืœืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืชื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœืชื” ืชื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื' ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื›ืคืจ ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืชื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื”: ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื•' (ืงืกื‘ืจ) ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืืคื™' ืขื•ืœื” ืื ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื—ื˜ืืชื” ืœื›ืš ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืงืจื‘ืชื” ื”ืœื›ืš ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืขื•ืœืชื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืชื•ืจ ื•ืื—"ื› ื—ื˜ืืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืชื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืชื” ืชื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืงืชื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืœื ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืืœื ืืคื™' ืื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืจืฉืชื” ืœืื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืงืื™ ื•ืžื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ืœืืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื“ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ืืฉื ืงื‘ื™ืข ืœื™ื” ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืž"ืก ื—ื˜ืืช ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื™ื” ื•ืž"ืก ืฆืคืจื™ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื™ื” ื•ืงืชื ื™ ื“ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื—ื•ื“ื” ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื™ื” ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ื ื’ืขื™ื ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืขื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืืฉื ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืฆืคืจื™ื
ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ืื™ืชื™ื” ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื"ื  ื“ืืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื” ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืคืกื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืงืจื‘ืชื• ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื™ ืืคืจืฉื™ื” ื•ื ืกืชืื‘ ืื• ืฉืื™ืจืข ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื” ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืค' ื‘ืชืจื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื›ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื ืกืชืื‘ื” ืื ืจืฆื” ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ื” ืขื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืŸ ื ืžื™ ื‘ืžืก' ื ื’ืขื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืชื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืก' ื ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ื ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืงืจื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืžืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ืœืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื ื™ ืืœืžื ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื” ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ ื“ืงืชื ื™ ืœื” ื‘ืืฉื” ื•ืœื ืงืชื ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื•ื–ื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื—ื˜ืืชื ืชื•ืจ ื›ื•' ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืงืž"ืœ ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ืขื•ืœื” ืงื“ืžื” ื”ื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงืืžืจ ืชื ื ืงืžื (ืฉืœื) ืœื™ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ื ืžื™ ืžื”ืื™ ืงืจื ื ืคืงื ื›ื“ืคืจื™ืฉื™ืช: ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื—ื˜ืืชื” ื•ืžืชื” ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืชื” [ืขื•ืœืชื”] ื•ืžืชื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื˜ืืชื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” (ื‘ืื”) ืœื›ืคืจื” ืืœื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืชื—ืœื” [ืœืื‘ื•ื“] ื•ืื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉืชื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืจื‘ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืก' ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉืชื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื“ืฉื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉืชื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืจืฉื• ื ื›ืกื™ื” ืž"ื˜ ืžืœื•ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื• ื›ืฉื˜ืจ ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื [ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืžืชื” [ื™ื•ืจืฉื™] ื ื›ืกื™ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉืชื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื] (ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื”) [ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ] ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื” ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืžืœื•ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื˜ืจ ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื”"ื” ื“ื”ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ ืœืžืชื ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื‘ ืื• ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ื” ืคืจืงื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืืฉื” ื›ื“ืคืจื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืคืจืงื™ืŸ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื ืžื™ ืžืชื ื™ ืœื” ื‘ืืฉื” ื›ื“ืงืชื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื' ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช [ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื™ื“ื”]:
ืกืœื™ืงื ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืื’ืจืช ื—ืชื•ืžื”. [ื ืชื™ื‘ ืื•ืจื— ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื’ื ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื ืขืœืžื”. ื•ืจื•ืื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืžื”. ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื” ื›ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื˜ื” ืงื“ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื•ื—ืžื”. ื”ืื™ืจื ื™ ืืœื”ื™ ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื”ืขื™ืจื ื™ ื›ื ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื ื•ืžื”. ื”ืงื™ืžื ื™ ืขืœื™ ืจื’ืœื™ ื•ื—ื–ืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ืงืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืžื”. ืงืจืืชื™ื” ื“ืจืฉืชื™ื” ืœืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืžืชื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืคืจื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”. ืชื”ืœื•ืชื™ ืœืงืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ื•ืจื•ืขื™ ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืฆืžื”. ื™ื—ื ื ื™ ืชืขื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื™ืฉืจื•. ื™ื—ืœืง ืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”].
Chapter 3
Mishnah 1
ื‘ื“"ื ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืžืœืš ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ืฉืœืฉ ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืœื–ื• ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™' ืฉืืœื• ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืœื• ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืืœื• ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื' ืœื–ื• ื•ื' ืœื–ื• ื“ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื—ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื' ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ (ืฉืื™ื ื•) [ืฉืœื] ื ืžืœืš (ื•ื ืžืœืš) ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืช ืœื–ื• ื•ื' ืœื–ื• ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื›ื•' (ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืžืœืš ื•ืขืฉื” ืžื“ืขืชื•) ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ืฉื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” (ื‘ื–ืžืŸ) ื›ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื” ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืงืจื‘ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืงืจื‘ ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื—ืฆื” ืขืฆืžื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืžื™ื”ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืื ื™ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื—ืฆื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื' ืžื”ืŸ ืžื›ืœื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื—ืฆื” ืื ืฉืœ ื–ื• (ื”ืŸ) ืื• ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื•ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืคืจืชืŸ ืืœื ื"ื› ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื (ื•ืื–) ื™ืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ืžื—ืฆื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืื• ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืœื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื ืžื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืฉืืŸ [ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื ืคื˜ืจื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื ืขืฉืืŸ] ืœืžืขืœื” ื ืคื˜ืจื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืฆื™ ื”ื ืคืกื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื•ืื ืขืฉืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ืžื—ืฆื”:
Mishnah 2
ืื—' ืœื–ื• ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœื–ื• ืื• ื’' ืœื–ื• ืื• ืขืฉืจ ืœื–ื• ืื• ืžืื” ืœื–ื• ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืงืŸ ื•ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืขืฉืื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขืฉืื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื•ื• ืื™ืคื›ื ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื™ืžืœืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ืืžืจืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:
ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืคื™' ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื• ืงืŸ ื' ื•ืœื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื’' ืœืžื˜ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื' ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ (ืืฉื”) ื' ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืื—ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืืœื ื‘' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืš ืข"ื› ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื' ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ ื ืฉืืจื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื• (ืงืŸ) [ื] ืœืžืขืœื” ื•(ืงืŸ) [ื] ืœืžื˜ื” [ื•ื”ืŸ] ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ (ื•ื”ืŸ) ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื–ื• ื”ืงืŸ ืœืืฉื” ื–ื• ื•ื–ื• (ื”ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืชื”) ืœืืฉื” ื–ื• ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืชื” [ื•ื–ื• ื—ื˜ืืชื”] ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื—ืช ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ื' ื•ืžืื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื• ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื' ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื—ืฆื™ื• ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ืคืกื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช [ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ] ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ื“ื•ืงื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืืชืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืืžืจื” ืืœื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืงืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืืžืจื” ื–ื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื•ื–ื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืืคื™' ื‘ืืฉื” ื' ืื ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืžื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื”ืงืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืงืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:
ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื' ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืœ ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ.
ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืœื ืœืคืจืฉ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืฉืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืžืฉืœ ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืืœื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื—ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจืช ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื›ื”"ื’ ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจื ื• ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืขื“ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื• ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื ื–ื• ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื• ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืœื ืชื™ืžื ื“ื“ื•ืงื ืฉืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืืœื ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื ืžื™ ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉืืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ืขืฉืืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช (ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช) ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื"ื ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืงืŸ ื' ื›ืฉืจื” ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืœื ืชื™ืžื ื“ื•ืงื ืฉืขืฉืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืืคื™' ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืืœื ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื' ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืงืŸ ื' ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืŸ ื' ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืื‘ืœ ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื›ืฉืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื ื‘ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืคื™' ืœืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืืœื ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื ืžื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื”"ื’ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™' ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื"ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื (ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ) ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื ืชื ื• ื—ืœืง ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืžื—ืฆื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืจ' ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™"ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื” ื' ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื–ื• ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœื–ื• ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืžื™ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืข"ื“ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ื•ื“ืจืš) [ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื”] ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืžืจ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื“ืกื™ืคื ื ืžื™ ื‘ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืœืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™' ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืืœื ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืงืŸ ื' ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืจื˜ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ืฉืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืื™ืชื•ื™ื™ ืžืื™ ื•ืžื” ืฉืคื™' ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืืœื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืœื• ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืคื™' ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ืืชื• ื•ืœื ืคื™' ื‘ื• ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ืžื™ ื‘ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื›ื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืงื—:
Mishnah 3
ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื–ื• ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœื–ื• (ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื•) ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ. ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื•ืงืกื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ ืชื ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื“ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืืคื™' ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ืื ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ืžืฆื•ืชื” ื›ืฉืจื”.
ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื˜ืืช ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื:
Mishnah 4
ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ. ืคื™' ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” (ืœื–ื•) ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœื–ื• ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื. ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืค' ืฉื ื™ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื” ืงืจืื” ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื ื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื” (ืขื“) [ืจืง] ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืงืŸ ื‘ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืงืจืืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™' ืงืฆืช ื‘ืค' ืฉื ื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” (ื"ื ) [ื"ื›] ื›ืืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื' ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืค' ื”ืื—ืจ ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื” ืืœื ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื' ืžื–ื• ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื• ืœื›ืš ืงืจืืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื ืงื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืž"ืž ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืชืชืŸ ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ืชืŸ:
ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืคื™' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื• ืงืŸ ืื—ืช ืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ืœื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช (ืœืžืขืœื”) ื•ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืข"ื› ืžื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืฉืœืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื' ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื' ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื' ืคืกื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื' ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื' ืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืœืžื˜ื” ื' ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืฉืชื™ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื' ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืฉืชื™ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืื• ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืืœื ืžื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื™"ืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ืžื—ืฆื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืื ื–ื• ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ื ื• [ื›ืฉืจ] ืืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืกืชื•ืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™'.
ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืคื™' ืฉืชืขืœื” ืœืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืช ืœื–ื• ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื• ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืช ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื–ื• ืœื—ืฆื™ื” ื•ื–ื• ืœื›ื•ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื• ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืคืกืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื”ื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืื• ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœื” ืคื•ืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกืคืง ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ื›ื™ ืฉืžื ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืชืงื ื• ื”ืœื›ืš ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืชื‘ื™ื ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื”ืื—ืจืช ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื™ื ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื' ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื ืฉืชื™ื ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขืœืช ื’' ืœื‘ืขืœืช ื' ืื ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื—ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื' ื•ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื' ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืื ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ื' ืžื—ื˜ืื•ืชื™ ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื' ื•ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื' ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ื' ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ื–ื• ื”ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืื ื ืขืฉื• ื”ืฉืชื™ื ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืœืš ืื—ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื' ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ ืื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ืข"ื– ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืื” ื•ืœืืœืฃ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื” ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื”ืชื ืื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื”
ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืš ืงืฆืช ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื’' ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื”' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”' ืœืžื˜ื” ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืืœื ืฉื ื”ืคืš ื”ืกืคืง ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื) ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช (ื•ืฉืืจ) [ื•ืฉืžื] ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืงืŸ ื' ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื ืฉืืจื• ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ืฉืชื™ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืœื›ืš ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื” ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืชื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืชื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง ืคืกืœื•ืช ืืขืค"ื› ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื ืื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“' ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ื”ืกืคืง ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื• ืœืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืœื ืกืคืง:
Mishnah 5
ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ืžื ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ื›ืš ืคื™' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืื—ืช (ื”ืจื™) [ืฉื”ื™ื] ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื•ื”ืื™ ื“ืงืจื™ ืœื™ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ืงืืžืจ ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืงืืžืจ ื”ื›ื ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืžื™ื”ื• ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ (ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืืคื™' ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืงืจื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืงืจื‘ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื ื” ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื” ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื—ืฆื™ื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืื ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื“' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืื—ืช ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื’' ืžืŸ ื”ื“' ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืงืจื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืงืŸ ืกืชื•ืžื” ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืคื™' ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ืกืชื•ืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืž' ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” (ื›ืฉืจื•ืช) ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ื”ื• ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ
ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืืœื ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ืฆื” ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ืœื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื ื ืชืœื” ื”ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื™ืคืกืœ ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืชืœื• ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœืกืชื•ืžื” ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืชื”ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ (ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจ) ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืกืชื•ืžื” ืงืž"ืœ ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ืืœื ืกืคืง (ื ื‘ืœื•ืช) [ืคืกืœื•ืช] ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืš ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืฉืชืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื:
Mishnah 6
ื”ืืฉื” ืฉืืžืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืงืŸ ื›ืฉืืœื“ ื–ื›ืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื' ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื ืชื ืชืŸ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื' ืœืžื˜ื”. ืคื™' ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื“ืจ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืื—ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืžืœืžื˜ื”
ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืขืฉื” ืฉืชื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืคื™' ืœื ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืืฉื” ืœื™ื“ืข ืื ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืื ื' ื ื“ืจ ื•ืื—ืช (ื ื“ื‘ื”) [ื—ื•ื‘ื”] ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื” ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืžืžื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช
ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“: ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ื (ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ) [ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ] ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื– (ืชืคืกื™ื“) [ืชืกืคื™ืง] ื‘ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืคืจืฉื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื ื ืžืœืš ืœื ื‘ืืฉื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื™ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืชื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื‘ื” ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ืงื‘ืข ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ื˜ืืชื” ืฉืงืจื‘ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื“ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืœื•ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื“ืจื” ืขืœืชื” ืœื”:
ืคืจืฉื” ื ื“ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืคื™' ืคืจืฉื” ื ื“ืจื” ืฉืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืื™ื–ื• ืงืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ืงืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืชื‘ื™ื ื’' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืชืขืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื—ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื™ ืฉืžื ื”ื ื“ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื—ื˜ืืชื” ื”ืœื›ืš ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืช ื–ื”ื• ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืžืฉืชื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืจืฉื” ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืืœื (ืชืคืฉ ื‘ื•) [ืชืคืฉื ื•] ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ (ืœืžื˜ื”) [ืœืžืขืœื”] ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ (ืœืžืขืœื”) [ืœืžื˜ื”] ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื• (ืœืžื˜ื”) [ืœืžืขืœื”] ื•ืื™ื–ื• (ืœืžืขืœื”) [ืœืžื˜ื”] ืชื‘ื™ื ื“' ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ืช ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืžื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ืœื ื“ืจื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื [ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ] ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื“ืจื”.
ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ืงื‘ืขืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื’' ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืื—ืช (ืœื—ื˜ืืชื”) [ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื”] ืืค"ื” ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ืชืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืคืจืฉืชื• ืชื—ืœื” ืœืชื•ืจื™ื. ื"ื  ื”"ืง ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืืฉื” ื–ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืฉืคืจืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ.
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
ื•ืื ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ืงื‘ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืจืฉืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื‘ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืฉืื” ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื"ื  ืืฉื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ื›ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืขืชื” ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืงื‘ืข ื ื“ืจื” ื”ืœื ื‘ืคื™ืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงื‘ืขื”. ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื” ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ืขื” ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ื•ืฉืฉ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉืฉื›ื—ื” ื‘ืžื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืงื‘ืขื” ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ืฉืชืฉื›ื— ื›ืžื” ืชื™ื ื— ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืฉื›ื—ื” ื›ืžื” ืงื‘ืขื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื›ื—ื” ืžื” ืคืจืฉื” ืืขืค"ื› ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžื ื“ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื—ืœื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืืฉื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืคื™' ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืคืจืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ืœื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคืจืฉื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ืชื‘ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ืœืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ืฉืœื ืชืฉื ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื›ืš ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืœื ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ืŸ ืื—' ืฉืื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื” ืžืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืงื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื›ื ื• ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืงื‘ืขื” ื•ืฉื›ื—ื” ื›ืžื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื•ื›ืฉื ืคืจืฉ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ื•ืฉืฉ ืื– ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื ืงื‘ืขื”:
ืžืชื ื™' ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ืคื™' ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ืฉืงื‘ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ืืžืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืงืŸ ืžืžื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื›ืฉืืœื“ ื–ื›ืจ. ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืงืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื“ืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ (ื•ืœื) ืžืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืืœื ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื” (ืืช) ื ื“ืจื” ืื ื‘ืชื•ืจื™ื ืื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื™"ืœ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืื ืœืื• ื•ืืœื• ืœื ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื—ืช ืœืžื˜ื” [ืืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืœืžืขืœื”] ืž"ืž ื™ืฆืชื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœืชื” ื•ื’ื ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื ื“ืจื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืชื•ืจ ื' ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืžื ื ื“ืจื” ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืจ ืœื—ื˜ืืชื” ืื• ืฉืžื ื ื“ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืจื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื“ืจื” ื›ืœืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืจ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืžืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื—ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื"ืช ืœืžื” ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืžื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื"ื› ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื”ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื”. ื–ื”ื• ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืืžืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืืœื• ืœื ื“ืจื™ ื•ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ [ื•ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืืžืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ ื•ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื™] ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื”ื ื“ืจ ื—ืœ ืžืืœื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืœื ื“ืจื” ืžืชื—ืœื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื”.
ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ (ืขืฉื”) ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื—ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื ื“ืจื” ื”ืœื›ืš ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” (ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื”) ื•ื”ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืชื” ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืจ ืœื—ื˜ืืชื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื“' ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœื—ื˜ืืชื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื"ืช ืฉืžื ื”ื ื“ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืชืงื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื ื“ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืชืงื ื• ื"ื› ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื ื“ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืชืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืœื• ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืจืื™ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื“ืคืจืฉื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ืžื”ื ื“ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืค' ื”ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืคืกื•ืœื” ื•ืืžืจื™' ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœื ืฉื ื• ืืœื ืฉืงื‘ืขืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืช ื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืจืฉืชื” ืืœืžื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื• ื ืžื™ (ืคื™'):
[ืžืชื ื™'] ื ืชื ืชืŸ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื ืชื ื” ื”ืœืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืขืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžืงืฆืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืงืฆืช ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืืœื ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื•ืชื ืชื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืื ืœืื• ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืฉื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื”ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืืชื• ืกืชื ืื• ืื ืคืจืฉืชื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืื• ืœื ื“ืจื” ืžืขืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืื•ืชื• ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืืชื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืืชื• ืกืชื ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืขืžื• ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืื [ื”ื’ื”"ื” ืฆ"ืœ ื•ืฉืžื ื™"ืœ] ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื›ื—ื” ืžืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืฉืžื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืคืจืฉืชื• ืœืชื•ืจื™ื (ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”) ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžื˜ื” [ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”] ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืฉ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื’' ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’' ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื™ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ (ื‘ื”ืŸ) [ื›ืืŸ] ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื›ืœืœ:
ืžืชื ื™' ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื›ื•'. ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ื—' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื–' ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ื—ื˜ืืช ืื—ืจืช ื•ืช"ืง ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืฉื” ื•ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืœื ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื” ื‘ืกืคืง ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืขืฉื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืง ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื” ื‘ืกืคืง ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืขืฉืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืง ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืขืฉืื• ื›ืœืœ ืื• ืื ืขืฉืื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืขืฉืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ืื ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ืฉืžื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื”ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจ ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื™ ื—' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื“' ืœื ื“ืจื” ืžื‘' ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืœืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”"ื” ืœืช"ืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื“' ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ื' ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ื•ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืคื™' ืขื“ ืฉื ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืืชื• ื•ืืžืจื ื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืกืคืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืขื•ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื' ื•ืฉื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื“ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื ื•:
[ืžืชื ื™'] ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืงื•ืœื• ืื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช ืงื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกืคืง ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ืฉืฉ ืคืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื“' ืžื‘' ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื“ืจื” ื•ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืคืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช [ืฉื‘ืขื”] ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื™ืœ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื— ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื ืงื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื' ื”ื ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉืชื™ ืงืจื ื™ื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช (ื‘ื ื™) [ืฉืชื™] ืžืขื™ื• ืœื›ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืฃ ืฆืžืจื• ืœืชื›ืœืช ืคื™' ืฉืชื™ ืงืจื ื™ื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ืฆืœื•ืœ ื•ื—ื–ืง [ืžืขื™ื•] ืœื ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื™ื• ื”ื•ื [ื”ื›ื ืชื] ื‘ื ื™ ืžืขื™ื• ื”ื ื”ื“ืงื™ืŸ ืฆืžืจื• ืœืชื›ืœืช ืคื™' ืœืจืžื•ื ื™ ืชื›ืœืช ื•ืืจื’ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืขื™ืœ ื•ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืงื•ืœ ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื™ (ื—') [ืฉื‘ืขื”] ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืœ ื”ืžืช ื•ื–ื” ืืฃ ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืชื‘ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืช ื”ืื™ืœ:
(ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื) [ืžืชื ื™'] ืจ"ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ื ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืจืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืžืกื™ืจ ืฉืคื” ืœื ืืžื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ืงื— ืžื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉ"ืž ื‘ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืื™ ื ืืžื ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ื™ืŸ ืœืืžืชืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื• ืืคื™' ื”ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื˜ืคืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืชืขืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ืงื ื•ืชืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืชื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืคื™' (ืžืคื ื™) ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ืงื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื”ื ืื—ืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืชืงื•ื” ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื“ืขืชื ื™ืกื›ืœ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืช ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื ื’ื“ื• ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื˜ืคืฉื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื–ืงื ื” ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืขืžื• ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื• ืขืฆื” ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืฆื” ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื ืงืจื ื™ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœื ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื—ื›ื:
ืกืœื™ืง ืžืกื›ืช ืงื ื™ืŸ (ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื) [ื‘ืก"ื“]
ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืกื›ืช ืงื ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ืื” (ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง) ืขืœ ืกืคืง ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ืกืคืง ื›ืคืจื” [ืกืคืง ืœื ื›ืคืจื”] ื•ื ืคืงื ืœืŸ ืžืงืจื ื‘ืžืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื–ื‘ ืืช ื–ื•ื‘ื• ืœื–ื›ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื‘ื” ืžืงื™ืฉ ื ืงื‘ื” ืœื–ื›ืจ ืžื” ื–ื›ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื™ ืืฃ ื ืงื‘ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ืžื” ื–ื›ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง ืืฃ ื ืงื‘ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืชื™ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืคืง ืœื™ื“ื” ืกืคืง ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื” ื–ื›ืจ ืžืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืฉื ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ืงื‘ื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง ืื™ ืžื” ื–ื›ืจ ืกืคื™ืงื• ื ืื›ืœ [ืืฃ ื ืงื‘ื” ืกืคื™ืงืŸ ื ืื›ืœ] ืœื ืื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื” ืกืคืง ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืขื–ืจื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืชื ืื™ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื“ืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ื‘ืžืก' ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืค' ื“ื ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื” ื“ืงืชื ื™' ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืื‘ืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื.
<sup class="footnote-marker">*</sup><i class="footnote">ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืฉืœืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื™ืชื“ ื•ื‘' ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืชื“ ื•ื‘' ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืชื“ ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื“ืœืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื”"ื’ ืขืจืš ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ).</i> (ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืกื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื<sup class="footnote-marker">**</sup><i class="footnote">ืื•ืœื™ ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจ ืืช ืžืื•ืจื™ื</i>).
ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืืชื ื” ืืœ ืืœ <br>ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช. ื•ืขื•ื˜ื” ื›ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืื— ืžืื•ื“ื™ื. <br>ืชื”ืœื•ืชื™ ืœืืœ ืกืœืขื™ ื•ืฆื•ืจื™. <br>ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืจ <br>ื™ืฉืขื™ ื•ืื•ืจื™. <br>ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืคืœื ื•ื”ืคืœื. <br>ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืžืœื. <br>ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืœื—ื›ืžื™ ืœื‘ ื ืชื•ื ื”. <br>ื•ื”ืžื“ืข ืœื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”. <br>ื•ืœื™ ืื‘ืจื ื‘ื ื• ื™ืฆื—ืง <br>ืžืงื•ืจื. <br>ื•ื—ื•ื ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืช ื™ืกื›ื” ื•ืฉืจื”. <br>ื•ื–ื›ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืชืŸ ืœืจื‘ืŸ. <br>ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœืžื“ ื•ืžืจื“ืข <br>ื•ื“ืจื‘ืŸ. <br>ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืจืขื•ืืœ. <br>ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื ืชื ืืœ. <br>ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ <br>ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื. <br>ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื. <br>ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืกื“ื•ืจื•ืช. <br>ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ <br>ื•ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืืกื•ืจื•ืช. <br>ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืขืžืงื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช. <br>ื•ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ื—ืœื™ ื›ืชื ื•ืจืืžื•ืช. <br>ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช. <br>ื•ืœื• ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืกืชื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœื•ืžื•ืช. <br>ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ <br>ื•ืขืœืžื•ืช. <br>ืœืงืœ ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื•ืช). <br>ื”ื“ืจืŸ ืขืœืš ืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื ืื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืจืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืœ"ืš ื•ืืข"ื™