Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
- The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.
- The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

Solution:
Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.
So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.


Question:
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

Choices:
- true
- false

Use the data to answer the question below.

natural science

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15

Solution:
To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.
Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.


Question: Which better describes the New England Seamount Chain ecosystem?

Choices:
- It has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has no sunlight.
- It has shallow water. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground.

Figure: New England Seamount Chain.
The New England Seamount Chain is a deep sea ecosystem in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

natural science

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there

Solution: The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the New England Seamount Chain has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has no sunlight.


Question:
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
Jupiter's volume is more than 1,000 times that of Earth.

Choices:
- false
- true

Use the data to answer the question below.

natural science

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 · 1000
= 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3
= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)
= 1.43 x 10^18

Solution:
To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 1,000 times the volume of Earth.
Then compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. The volume of Jupiter is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is more than 1.08 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is more than 1,000 times that of Earth.


Question: What is the name of the colony shown?

Choices:
- Vermont
- Maine
- Alabama
- Pennsylvania

social science

Solution: The colony is Pennsylvania.


Question: Select the bird below.

Choices:
- red-tailed hawk
- tiger shark

Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A peregrine falcon is an example of a bird.

natural science

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

Solution:
A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Tiger sharks are nocturnal. This means that they are active mostly at night.
A red-tailed hawk is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Red-tailed hawks use their sharp beaks to hunt small mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles.


Question: Which property do these four objects have in common?

Choices:
- salty
- stretchy
- transparent

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Solution:
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The potato chips and the pretzel are not stretchy.
Potato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty.
You can see clearly through a transparent object. The potato chips, the pretzel, and the fries are not transparent.
The property that all four objects have in common is salty.


Question: What is the capital of South Carolina?

Choices:
- Lincoln
- Springfield
- Biloxi
- Columbia

social science

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Solution: Columbia is the capital of South Carolina.


Question: Which of these cities is marked on the map?

Choices:
- New York City
- Washington, D.C.
- Philadelphia
- Boston

social science

Solution: The city is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C., are marked with gray circles on the map below.


Question: What is the name of the colony shown?

Choices:
- Maryland
- North Carolina
- Delaware
- Virginia

social science

Solution:
The colony is Virginia.
The Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.


Question: Select the fish below.

Choices:
- European green toad
- great white shark

Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. A catfish is an example of a fish.

natural science

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

Solution:
A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years.
A European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.


Question:
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.

Choices:
- false
- true

Use the data to answer the question below.

natural science

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

Solution:
To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 50% of Jupiter's volume by multiplying Jupiter's volume by 0.5.
Then compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 827,130 billion km^3, which is more than 715,640 billion km^3. So, Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.


Question: Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Montaña De Oro State Park?

Choices:
- It has daily flooding and draining of seawater. It also has water that is rich in nutrients.
- It has no sunlight. It also has daily flooding and draining of seawater.

Figure: Montaña De Oro State Park.
Montaña De Oro State Park is in California. The park is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has many tide pool ecosystems.

natural science

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there

Solution: A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Montaña De Oro State Park have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients.


Question: Which animal's neck is also adapted for reaching high branches?

Choices:
- black-tailed jackrabbit
- gerenuk

Giraffes eat leaves and twigs. The 's neck is adapted for reaching branches that are high above the ground.
Figure: giraffe.

natural science

Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the giraffe.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The gerenuk has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches.
This black-tailed jackrabbit has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The black-tailed jackrabbit eats mostly grasses and shrubs.


Question: What can Bella and Darnell trade to each get what they want?

Choices:
- Darnell can trade his broccoli for Bella's oranges.
- Darnell can trade his almonds for Bella's tomatoes.
- Bella can trade her tomatoes for Darnell's carrots.
- Bella can trade her tomatoes for Darnell's broccoli.

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Bella and Darnell open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Bella nor Darnell got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted:

Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.
Bella's lunch Darnell's lunch

social science

Solution:
Look at the table and images.
Bella wants broccoli. Darnell wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.


Question: Which continent is highlighted?

Choices:
- Asia
- Africa
- Antarctica
- Australia

social science

A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.

Solution: This continent is Africa.


Question: What is the capital of Indiana?

Choices:
- Norfolk
- Columbus
- Topeka
- Indianapolis

social science

Solution: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.


Question: Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?

Choices:
- South America
- Asia
- Africa

social science

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.

Solution: The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Asia or South America.


Question: Which property matches this object?

Choices:
- colorful
- transparent

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Solution:
Look at the object.
Think about each property.
You can see clearly through a transparent object. The water is transparent.
A colorful object has one or more bright colors. The water is not colorful.


Question: Which of the following could Colette and Alexandra's test show?

Choices:
- if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use
- if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.

Colette and Alexandra were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test.
They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used.
Figure: preparing a concrete slump test.

natural science

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.


Question: What is the name of the colony shown?

Choices:
- Tennessee
- North Carolina
- Rhode Island
- Georgia

social science

Solution: The colony is Rhode Island.


Question: What is the capital of Wyoming?

Choices:
- Laramie
- Cheyenne
- Denver
- Salt Lake City

social science

Solution: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.


Question: Which continent is highlighted?

Choices:
- Australia
- Asia
- North America
- Europe

social science

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

Solution: This continent is Australia.


Question: Which of the following could Audrey's test show?

Choices:
- whether different types of bacteria would need different nutrients to produce insulin
- whether producing more insulin would help the bacteria grow faster
- whether she added enough nutrients to help the bacteria produce 20% more insulin

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.

People with diabetes sometimes take a medicine made from insulin. Insulin can be made by a special type of bacteria. Audrey was a bioengineer who wanted to increase the amount of insulin that the bacteria produced by 20%. She read that giving the bacteria more nutrients could affect the amount of insulin they produced. So, Audrey gave extra nutrients to some of the bacteria. Then, she measured how much insulin those bacteria produced compared to bacteria that did not get extra nutrients.
Figure: studying bacteria in a laboratory.

natural science

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.


Question: What is the capital of Alaska?

Choices:
- Salem
- Helena
- Anchorage
- Juneau

social science

Solution: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.


Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

Choices:
- climate
- weather

Figure: Dominican Republic.
The Dominican Republic has lush, green forests and beautiful beaches. A biologist studying insects noticed that it was cooler in the forest than at the beach for most of last week.
Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Solution:
Read the passage carefully.
The Dominican Republic has lush, green forests and beautiful beaches. A biologist studying insects noticed that it was cooler in the forest than at the beach for most of last week.
The underlined part of the passage tells you about last week's temperature in the Dominican Republic. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.


Question: Which better describes the Cape Breton Highlands National Park ecosystem?

Choices:
- It has short, cool summers. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.
- It has many evergreen trees. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.

Figure: Cape Breton Highlands National Park.
Cape Breton Highlands National Park is a taiga ecosystem in eastern Canada.

natural science

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.
There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil
the organisms that live there

Solution: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Cape Breton Highlands National Park has many evergreen trees. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.


Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

Solution:
Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.
So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.


Question: Which animal's feet are also adapted for swimming?

Choices:
- spectral tarsier
- common guillemot

Black-bellied whistling ducks live near lakes and streams in North America. They find most of their food in shallow water. The feet of the  are adapted for swimming.
Figure: black-bellied whistling duck.

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck.
The black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The common guillemot has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.
The spectral tarsier has long fingers. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The spectral tarsier uses its feet for climbing trees.


Question: Which property do these two objects have in common?

Choices:
- bouncy
- colorful

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Solution:
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A colorful object has one or more bright colors. The spring is not colorful.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. Both objects are bouncy.
The property that both objects have in common is bouncy.


Question: Based on the event chain, which was written first?

Choices:
- the Declaration of Independence
- the Constitution

language science

A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.
When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.
When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.

Solution:
An event chain uses arrows to show the order of events. This event chain shows some main events from the American Revolution.
Follow the arrows to see the order of events. The second box says The Declaration of Independence is written and the fourth box says The Constitution is written. So, the Declaration of Independence was written first.


Question: Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

Choices:
- Solution B
- neither; their concentrations are the same
- Solution A

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

natural science

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

Solution:
In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.


Question: Which better describes the Death Valley ecosystem?

Choices:
- It has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms.
- It has a small amount of rain. It also has only a few types of organisms.

Figure: Death Valley.
Death Valley is a desert ecosystem in eastern California.

natural science

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there

Solution: A desert is a type of ecosystem. Deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, Death Valley has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms.


Question: Which country is highlighted?

Choices:
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Antigua and Barbuda

social science

Identify and select countries of the Caribbean

Solution: This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis.


Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.

Solution:
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.
There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.


Question: What is the capital of Wyoming?

Choices:
- Salem
- Olympia
- Laramie
- Cheyenne

social science

Solution: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.


Question: Is slate a mineral?

Choices:
- no
- yes

Slate has the following properties:
naturally occurring
solid
not a pure substance
not made by organisms
no fixed crystal structure

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Solution: Slate does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, slate is not a mineral.


Question: Select the bird below.

Choices:
- tiger shark
- bald eagle

Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A painted stork is an example of a bird.

natural science

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

Solution:
A bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.


Question: What can Brendan and Isaac trade to each get what they want?

Choices:
- Isaac can trade his broccoli for Brendan's oranges.
- Isaac can trade his almonds for Brendan's tomatoes.
- Brendan can trade his tomatoes for Isaac's broccoli.
- Brendan can trade his tomatoes for Isaac's sandwich.

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Brendan and Isaac open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Brendan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Isaac was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

social science

Solution:
Brendan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Isaac was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.
Brendan has tomatoes. Isaac has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.


Question:
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

Choices:
- false
- true

Use the data to answer the question below.

natural science

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

Solution: The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.


Question: Is Nerium oleander made up of many cells?

Choices:
- no
- yes

This organism is Nerium oleander. It is a member of the plant kingdom.
Nerium oleander is commonly called an oleander plant. Oleander plants are toxic to many animals. Oleander plants contain a poison that can make animals sick. This poison helps protect oleander plants from being eaten by animals.

natural science

Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.
Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.
 | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants
How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many
Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes
Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes

Solution: Nerium oleander is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.


Question: What is the capital of Mississippi?

Choices:
- Jackson
- Atlanta
- Portland
- Tallahassee

social science

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Solution: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.


Question: Which of the following could Logan's test show?

Choices:
- whether the filter was clogged
- the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered
- whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.

Logan was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Logan had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Logan checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it.
Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.

natural science

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.


Question: Which material is this clothes hanger made of?

Choices:
- cardboard
- wood

natural science

A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
Some objects are made of just one material.
Most nails are made of metal.
Other objects are made of more than one material.
This hammer is made of metal and wood.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the clothes hanger.
The clothes hanger is made of two different materials. The hook is made of metal. The rest of the hanger is made of wood.


Question: What is the capital of Nevada?

Choices:
- Las Vegas
- Carson City
- Phoenix
- Tulsa

social science

Solution: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.


Question: Identify the question that Preston's experiment can best answer.

Choices:
- Do steel nails take fewer days to rust in water compared to vinegar?
- Do steel nails rust in fewer days when submerged in a large volume of liquid compared to a small volume?

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.

Preston put one two-inch steel nail into each of six test tubes. He added water to three of the test tubes and vinegar to the other three. In each test tube, he completely covered the nail with the same volume of liquid. Preston checked the nails for rust at the same time every day. He recorded how many days it took each nail to become completely covered in rust. Then, he compared the number of days it took nails to rust in water to the number of days it took nails to rust in vinegar.
Figure: a new steel nail on a pile of rusty nails.

natural science

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.
Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.
First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.
Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.
Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.
Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include:
Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?
Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?
Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?


Question: What is the capital of North Carolina?

Choices:
- Milwaukee
- Raleigh
- Boise
- Jackson

social science

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Solution: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.


Question: Which ocean is highlighted?

Choices:
- the Southern Ocean
- the Pacific Ocean
- the Atlantic Ocean
- the Indian Ocean

social science

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

Solution: This is the Pacific Ocean.


Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.
- The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
- The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Solution:
Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.
The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.


Question: Which of these oceans does the prime meridian intersect?

Choices:
- the Atlantic Ocean
- the Indian Ocean
- the Pacific Ocean

social science

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.

Solution: The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects the Atlantic Ocean. It does not intersect the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean.


Question: Is fluorite a mineral or a rock?

Choices:
- rock
- mineral

Fluorite has the following properties:
found in nature
solid
pure substance
not made by living things
fixed crystal structure
glassy luster

natural science

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be  minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.  Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!

Solution: Fluorite has all the properties of a mineral. So, fluorite is a mineral.


Question: What is the capital of Connecticut?

Choices:
- New Haven
- Saint Louis
- Bridgeport
- Hartford

social science

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Solution: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.


Question: Which property do these three objects have in common?

Choices:
- translucent
- hard
- soft

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Solution:
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.
A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The apple seeds and the canoe are not translucent.
A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are soft.
The property that all three objects have in common is hard.


Question: Which country is highlighted?

Choices:
- Saint Lucia
- Cuba
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Jamaica

social science

Identify and select countries of the Caribbean

Solution:
This country is Cuba.
Does Cuba have any territorial disputes?
Cuba claims to own Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.
The United States controls the area and uses it as a military base and prison. A treaty in 1903 gave the U.S. the right to rent the land from Cuba. But today, Cuba says that it had no choice but to accept the treaty. It wants the United States to leave the area and does not accept the rent money sent by the United States each year.


Question: Which continent is highlighted?

Choices:
- Antarctica
- South America
- Africa
- Europe

social science

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

Solution: This continent is Africa.


Question: Which i in column 2?

Choices:
- the pond
- the fast-food restaurant
- the police department
- the grocery store

social science

A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.

Solution: The fast-food restaurant is in column 2.


Question: What is the capital of Hawaii?

Choices:
- Santa Fe
- Honolulu
- Hilo
- Phoenix

social science

Solution: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.


Question: What is the capital of Iowa?

Choices:
- Cedar Rapids
- Des Moines
- Springfield
- Saint Paul

social science

Solution: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.


Question: What is the direction of this pull?

Choices:
- away from the tow truck
- toward the tow truck

A tow truck moves a car. A force from the truck pulls the car down the road.

natural science

A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.

Solution: The tow truck pulls the car. The direction of the pull is toward the tow truck.


Question: Which ocean is highlighted?

Choices:
- the Indian Ocean
- the Southern Ocean
- the Arctic Ocean
- the Atlantic Ocean

social science

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

Solution: This is the Indian Ocean.


Question: What is the expected ratio of offspring with white spots to offspring with solid coloring? Choose the most likely ratio.

Choices:
- 4:0
- 3:1
- 1:3
- 2:2
- 0:4

In a group of cows, some individuals have solid coloring and others have white spots. In this group, the gene for the coat pattern trait has two alleles. The allele for white spots (a) is recessive to the allele for solid coloring (A).
This Punnett square shows a cross between two cows.

natural science

Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types

Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.
If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.
A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.
For example, consider the Punnett square below.
 | F | f
F | FF | Ff
f | Ff | ff
There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.

Solution:
To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with white spots or solid coloring, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. The question tells you that the a allele, which is for white spots, is recessive to the A allele, which is for solid coloring.
White spots is the recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A cow with the recessive version of the coat pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with white spots must have the genotype aa.
There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype aa.
Solid coloring is the dominant allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A cow with the dominant version of the coat pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with solid coloring must have the genotype AA or Aa.
All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype AA or Aa.
So, the expected ratio of offspring with white spots to offspring with solid coloring is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with white spots. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with solid coloring.


Question: Is an icicle a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

Choices:
- a solid
- a liquid
- a gas

natural science

Identify and sort solids, liquids, and gases

Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.

Solution: An icicle is a solid. An icicle can melt. But when an icicle is frozen, it has a size and shape of its own.


Question: Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

Choices:
- sample B
- sample A
- neither; the samples have the same temperature

The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

natural science

Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

Solution:
The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.
Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.


Question: Which property do these three objects have in common?

Choices:
- bouncy
- blue
- fragile

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Solution:
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. The basketball and the pogo stick are not blue.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.
A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.
The property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.


Question: Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves?

Choices:
- blue poison dart frog
- shield mantis

Leaf-mimic katydids are insects that live in places like tropical forests. This katydid is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.
Figure: leaf-mimic katydid.

natural science

Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the leaf-mimic katydid.
The leaf-mimic katydid has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The shield mantis has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.
The blue poison dart frog has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.


Question: Which animal is also adapted for climbing trees?

Choices:
- Grevy's zebra
- bare-eared squirrel monkey

s live in rain forests on the island of Sumatra in Asia. They climb trees to find food and shelter. The orangutan's hands and feet are adapted for climbing trees.
Figure: Sumatran orangutan.

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the Sumatran orangutan.
The Sumatran orangutan has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The Sumatran orangutan uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.
The Grevy's zebra has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The Grevy's zebra uses its feet to walk and run.


Question: What is the capital of Rhode Island?

Choices:
- Newport
- Providence
- Hartford
- Concord

social science

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Solution: Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.


Question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

Choices:
- repel
- attract

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

Solution:
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.


Question: Which better describes the Mount Rainier National Park ecosystem?

Choices:
- It has long, cold winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.
- It has short, cool summers. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.

Figure: Mount Rainier National Park.
Mount Rainier National Park is a taiga ecosystem in Washington State.

natural science

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.
There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil
the organisms that live there

Solution: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Mount Rainier National Park has long, cold winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.


Question: What is the capital of Virginia?

Choices:
- Topeka
- Atlanta
- Richmond
- Nashville

social science

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Solution: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.


Question: What is the name of the colony shown?

Choices:
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- Virginia
- New York

social science

Solution: The colony is Pennsylvania.


Question: What is the capital of Kansas?

Choices:
- Nashville
- Wichita
- Topeka
- Kansas City

social science

Solution: Topeka is the capital of Kansas.


Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

Choices:
- climate
- weather

Figure: California's Central Valley.
Many crops are grown in California's Central Valley. Thick fog often fills the valley during the cold winter months.
Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Solution:
Read the passage carefully.
Many crops are grown in California's Central Valley. Thick fog often fills the valley during the cold winter months.
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of cloud cover in the Central Valley. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.


Question: Which of the following could Steve's test show?

Choices:
- the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered
- whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often
- whether the filter was clogged

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.

Steve was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Steve had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Steve checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it.
Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.

natural science

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.


Question:
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.

Choices:
- true
- false

Use the data to answer the question below.

natural science

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15

Solution: The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth has the volume with the largest exponent. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.


Question: Is candle wax a mineral?

Choices:
- no
- yes

Candle wax has the following properties:
no fixed crystal structure
made in a factory
mixture of different fats
solid

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Solution: Candle wax does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, candle wax is not a mineral.


Question: Which of the following could Harold's test show?

Choices:
- if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C
- how well the weather station would work when it was windy

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.

Harold was a mechanical engineer who was designing  to record temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. The weather station would be used in a town where the highest recorded temperature was 40°C. Harold wanted to make sure the weather station would work even in unusually warm weather.
So, he set an indoor test chamber to 50°C with low moisture and no wind. He left the weather station in the chamber overnight. The next day, he checked to see if the weather station displayed accurate measurements after 24 hours at 50°C.
Figure: a weather station.

natural science

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.


Question: Which type of relationship is formed when an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest?

Choices:
- parasitic
- mutualistic
- commensal

Read the passage. Then answer the question.

Alcon blue butterflies spend the first part of their lives as caterpillars that live with Myrmica ants. When a caterpillar lives with the ants, it mimics, or pretends to be, an ant. The caterpillar can mimic the ants by copying their smell. The caterpillar can also make noises that make it sound like a queen ant. Queen ants receive more food and better protection than any other ants in the nest.
So, when the caterpillar mimics an ant, the ants feed and protect the caterpillar instead of other ants in the nest.
Figure: a Myrmica ant caring for an Alcon blue caterpillar.

natural science

When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.
This table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.
Type of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...
Commensal | benefits | is not significantly affected
Mutualistic | benefits | benefits
Parasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)

Solution:
When an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest, the caterpillar gets food and protection. So, the caterpillar benefits from its relationship with the ants.
The ants feed and protect the caterpillar instead of other ants in the nest. So, the ants are harmed by their relationship with the caterpillar.
Since the caterpillar benefits and the ants are harmed, a parasitic relationship is formed when an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest.


Question: Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

Choices:
- Solution B
- Solution A
- neither; their concentrations are the same

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

natural science

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

Solution:
In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.


Question: Look at the picture. Which word best describes the sound these birds make?

Choices:
- chirping
- quacking
- popping

language science

Choose the sensory details that match the picture

When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.
Sensory Category | Description
Sight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.
Sound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.
Taste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.
Smell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.
Touch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.
Many sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.

Solution:
Look at the picture.
The word chirping describes the sound these birds make.
Quacking and popping can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds these birds make.


Question: Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert?

Choices:
- horned viper
- European green lizard

s live in the deserts of southern Africa. The  is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.
Figure: Namaqua chameleon.

natural science

Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the Namaqua chameleon.
The Namaqua chameleon has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The horned viper has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.
The European green lizard has a green, brown, and yellow body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.


Question: What is the capital of Virginia?

Choices:
- Richmond
- Baton Rouge
- Kansas City
- Salt Lake City

social science

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Solution: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.


Question: Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment?

Choices:
- the number of earthworms
- the number of leaves

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described.

Duncan grew ten  on his back porch. He grew each plant in its own pot, and each pot was the same size and shape. Duncan noticed that his plants did not grow many leaves, and he wanted to see if earthworms could help them grow more. To test this idea, Duncan divided his ten plants into two equal groups. For one group, he added three earthworms to the soil in each pot. He did not add any earthworms to pots in the other group.
Two months later, Duncan counted the number of leaves on each of the ten plants. He compared the number of leaves on the plants in each group.
Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure.
Figure: mint plants.

natural science

Identify independent and dependent variables

Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.
In this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.
The amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.
The number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.


Question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

Choices:
- repel
- attract

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

Solution:
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.


Question: Select the fish below.

Choices:
- water buffalo
- seahorse
- western toad
- tokay gecko

Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.
Fish are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment.
A Banggai cardinalfish is an example of a fish.

natural science

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.

Solution:
A tokay gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.
A water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Water buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.
A western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.
A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Seahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.


Question: Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles?

Choices:
- neither; their concentrations are the same
- Solution B
- Solution A

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute.

natural science

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

Solution:
In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.
Solution A and Solution B have the same number of blue particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.


Question: What is the capital of Massachusetts?

Choices:
- Plymouth
- Cambridge
- Montpelier
- Boston

social science

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Solution: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.


Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.
- The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.

Solution:
The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.
Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.


Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
- The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.
- The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

Solution:
Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.
So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.


Question: The United States has a federal system. Based on these definitions, which of these statements would most likely be made by a person who lives under a federal system?

Choices:
- I only pay attention to state politics since the national government has almost no power.
- My national government officials decide most issues that come up.
- Both my state and national government officials have power over important issues.

Think about the name of the United States of America. As the name shows, the country has both a united national government and a collection of state governments. In the following questions, you will learn about the relationship between the national government and state governments. You will also learn about how state and local governments work.
Many countries have both a national government and state governments. However, these countries divide power differently between the national and state governments. The table below describes three different systems for dividing power. Look at the table. Then answer the question below.

social science


Question: What is the name of the colony shown?

Choices:
- Virginia
- Massachusetts
- Rhode Island
- Maryland

social science

Solution: The colony is Rhode Island.


Question: Identify the question that Leon's experiment can best answer.

Choices:
- Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon?
- Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid?

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.

Leon mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He allowed the bacteria in the flasks to grow overnight in a 37°C room. Then, Leon used a microscope to count the number of bacteria in a small sample from each flask. He compared the amount of bacteria in the liquid with cinnamon to the amount of bacteria in the liquid without cinnamon.
Figure: flasks of liquid for growing bacteria.

natural science

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.
Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.
First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.
Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.
Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.
Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include:
Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?
Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?
Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?


Question: Which animal's neck is also adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still?

Choices:
- frigatebird
- great blue heron

Great egrets live near wetlands and lakes. They eat mostly fish.
The 's neck helps it grab fish while keeping the rest of its body still. If the egret had to move its body, it might scare the fish away.
Figure: great egret.

natural science

Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.

Solution:
Look at the picture of the great egret.
The great egret has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great egret to grab the prey without scaring it away.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The great blue heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.
The frigatebird has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.


Question: Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in Atlanta?

Choices:
- February is wetter than March.
- Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season.
- Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta.

Use the graph to answer the question below.

natural science

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.
A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

Solution:
To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.
Choice "Feb" is incorrect.
Choice "Mar" is incorrect.
Choice "Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season." is incorrect.
The average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has rain, and there is no dry season.
Choice "February is wetter than March." is incorrect.
Wetter months have a higher average precipitation than drier months. February has a slightly lower average monthly precipitation than March. So, February is not wetter than March.
Choice "Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta." is incorrect.
The average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.


Question: Identify the question that Austen's experiment can best answer.

Choices:
- Do bananas develop more brown spots if they are kept in bags with holes compared to bags without holes?
- Do bananas develop more brown spots when they are kept at room temperature compared to in a cold refrigerator?

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.

Austen divided 40  evenly among eight paper bags and sealed the bags. He poked 20 small holes in four of the bags and left the other four without holes. He kept the bags at room temperature for three days. Then, Austen opened the bags and counted the number of brown spots on each banana. He compared the average number of brown spots on bananas from bags with holes to the average number of brown spots on bananas from bags without holes.
Figure: unripe bananas.

natural science

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.
Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.
First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.
Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.
Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.
Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include:
Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?
Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?
Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?


Question: Which i in column 4?

Choices:
- the theater
- the fire department
- the pond
- the shopping mall

social science

A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.

Solution: The shopping mall is in column 4.


Question: Which country is highlighted?

Choices:
- Kiribati
- the Federated States of Micronesia
- Samoa
- Palau

social science

Identify and select countries of Oceania

Solution: This country is Palau.


Question: What is the capital of Ohio?

Choices:
- Charleston
- Columbus
- Lincoln
- Fargo

social science

Solution: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.


Question: Select the amphibian below.

Choices:
- white stork
- red-eyed tree frog

Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water. An American bullfrog is an example of an amphibian.

natural science

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

Solution:
A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.


Question: Which of the following could Jaylen's test show?

Choices:
- whether the filter was clogged
- whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often
- the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.

Jaylen was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Jaylen had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Jaylen checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it.
Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.

natural science

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.


Question: Which property do these three objects have in common?

Choices:
- transparent
- soft
- bumpy

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Solution:
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.
A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are soft.
A bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.
The property that all three objects have in common is bumpy.


Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.
- The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.
- The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.


Question: Which property do these four objects have in common?

Choices:
- fragile
- transparent
- sweet

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Solution:
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All four objects are fragile.
You can see clearly through a transparent object. The fish bowl and the glass flask are transparent, but the ceramic tea cup is not.
Sugar has a sweet taste. The ceramic tea cup and the icicle are not sweet.
The property that all four objects have in common is fragile.