diff --git "a/test_predictions.txt" "b/test_predictions.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/test_predictions.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,21384 @@
+From O
+the O
+amino O
+acid O
+sequence O
+similarity O
+of O
+Orf8 O
+to O
+UvrA O
+and O
+DrrC O
+, O
+it O
+is O
+suggested O
+a O
+role O
+as O
+a O
+transporter O
+or O
+the O
+excision O
+nucleotide O
+repair O
+system O
+in O
+the O
+resistance O
+[ O
+133 O
+] O
+( O
+GB O
+No. O
+EU195114 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+The O
+manC O
+gene O
+in O
+M4 O
+is O
+immediately O
+above O
+the O
+wbyO O
+GT O
+gene O
+that O
+adds O
+the O
+first O
+Man O
+residue O
+in O
+M4 O
+, O
+while O
+the O
+manC O
+gene O
+in O
+M2–M3 O
+is O
+between O
+the O
+GT1 O
+and O
+GT2 O
+genes O
+, O
+as O
+are O
+the O
+fcl O
+and O
+gmd O
+genes O
+needed O
+for O
+GDP-l-Fuc O
+and O
+GDP-l-Qui O
+. O
+
+The O
+pen O
+genes O
+were O
+flanked O
+by O
+genes O
+predicted O
+to O
+encode O
+a O
+cytochrome O
+P450 O
+monooxygenase O
+similar O
+to O
+a O
+gene O
+for O
+gibberellin O
+biosynthesis O
+in O
+F. O
+fujikuroi O
+( O
+PC-05 O
+) O
+[ O
+27 O
+] O
+and O
+a O
+Nmr-A O
+family O
+transcriptional O
+regulator O
+( O
+PC-06 O
+) O
+at O
+one O
+flank O
+and O
+two O
+cytochrome O
+P450s O
+( O
+PC-20 O
+and O
+PC-21 O
+) O
+and O
+an O
+aromatic O
+prenyl O
+transferase O
+( O
+PC-22 O
+) O
+at O
+the O
+other O
+. O
+
+The O
+biosynthetic O
+gene O
+cluster O
+contains O
+genes O
+for O
+an O
+acetyltransferase O
+and O
+two O
+ABC O
+transporters O
+, O
+which O
+may O
+play O
+a O
+role O
+in O
+self-resistance O
+[ O
+397,398,399 O
+] O
+( O
+GB O
+Nos. O
+AB684620 B-bgc-accession
+and O
+AB684619 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+The O
+Biosynthetic O
+Gene O
+Cluster O
+for O
+Andrastin O
+A O
+in O
+Penicillium O
+roqueforti O
+Penicillium O
+roqueforti O
+is O
+a O
+filamentous O
+fungus O
+involved O
+in O
+the O
+ripening O
+of O
+several O
+kinds O
+of O
+blue O
+cheeses O
+. O
+
+We O
+recently O
+identified O
+phthoxazolin O
+A O
+as O
+a O
+cryptic O
+metabolite O
+of O
+Streptomyces O
+avermitilis O
+that O
+produces O
+the O
+important O
+anthelmintic O
+agent O
+avermectin O
+. O
+
+Domain O
+organization O
+derived O
+from O
+the O
+pam O
+secondary O
+metabolite O
+gene O
+cluster O
+in O
+the O
+genome O
+of O
+Paenibacillus O
+larvae O
+DSM25430 O
+. O
+
+This O
+mutant O
+was O
+then O
+complemented O
+by O
+reintroduction O
+of O
+wild-type O
+swnK O
+, O
+restoring O
+swainsonine O
+production O
+in O
+several O
+independent O
+transformants O
+( O
+Table O
+1 O
+) O
+. O
+
+Among O
+these O
+up-regulated O
+gene O
+clusters O
+, O
+pks6 O
+( O
+SACE_4567 O
+- O
+4577 O
+) O
+showed O
+the O
+most O
+significantly O
+induced O
+expression O
+( O
+Mean O
+: O
+about O
+5.7 O
+folds O
+; O
+Max O
+: O
+about O
+21 O
+folds O
+) O
+. O
+
+griseus]68 O
+% O
+srcmH O
+ABC O
+transporter O
+membrane O
+protein251SfrB O
+
+The O
+reciprocal O
+best O
+BLAST O
+hit O
+in O
+GenBank O
+for O
+the O
+XaPPTase O
+gene O
+of O
+X. O
+albilineans O
+is O
+the O
+XaPPTase O
+gene O
+from O
+X. O
+oryzae O
+. O
+
+The O
+cluster O
+contains O
+genes O
+for O
+transporters O
+( O
+DynU6 O
+, O
+DynT8 O
+, O
+and O
+DynT10 O
+) O
+, O
+dioxygenase O
+( O
+DynE11 O
+) O
+which O
+is O
+similar O
+to O
+bleomycin-resistance O
+protein O
+, O
+and O
+a O
+self-sacrifice O
+protein O
+( O
+DynU16 O
+) O
+. O
+
+Sequences O
+for O
+the O
+network O
+were O
+accessed O
+by O
+a O
+5000 O
+sequence O
+return O
+, O
+two-iteration O
+Position-Specific O
+Iterated O
+BLAST O
+( O
+PSI-BLAST O
+) O
+of O
+the O
+lanthipeptide O
+synthetase O
+CylM O
+( O
+accession O
+number O
+AAK67266.1 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+B O
+Comparison O
+of O
+precursor O
+peptides O
+of O
+plantazolicin O
+( O
+PlnA O
+) O
+, O
+streptolysin O
+S O
+( O
+SagA O
+) O
+, O
+clostridiolysin O
+S O
+( O
+ClosA O
+) O
+with O
+putative O
+precursor O
+peptides O
+of O
+B. O
+intermedia O
+, O
+B. O
+hyodysenteriae O
+, O
+and O
+T. O
+mathranii O
+mathranii O
+A3 O
+; O
+Cleavage O
+site O
+of O
+leader O
+and O
+core O
+peptide O
+in O
+bold O
+. O
+
+Results O
+A O
+potential O
+pelgipeptin O
+synthetase O
+gene O
+cluster O
+( O
+plp O
+) O
+was O
+identified O
+from O
+Paenibacillus O
+elgii O
+B69 O
+through O
+genome O
+analysis O
+. O
+
+Based O
+on O
+this O
+proposed O
+pathway O
+, O
+kanN O
+disruption O
+will O
+result O
+in O
+kanamycin O
+B O
+accumulation O
+, O
+whereas O
+based O
+on O
+the O
+linear O
+pathway O
+, O
+2'-N-acetylparomamine O
+, O
+the O
+substrate O
+of O
+KanN O
+, O
+should O
+accumulate O
+. O
+
+According O
+to O
+the O
+recent O
+acarbose O
+biosynthesis O
+model O
+, O
+this O
+intermediate O
+undergoes O
+second O
+phosphorylation O
+by O
+either O
+the O
+1-epi-valienol-7P-kinase O
+AcbU O
+and/or O
+the O
+hydrolase O
+AcbJ O
+before O
+being O
+further O
+nucleotidylated O
+( O
+unproven O
+hypothesis O
+, O
+Wehmeier O
+and O
+Piepersberg O
+[ O
+6 O
+] O
+) O
+. O
+
+sssA/sssA′/sssA1 O
+: O
+suicin O
+precursor O
+; O
+sssE O
+, O
+sssF O
+, O
+and O
+sssG O
+: O
+immunity O
+proteins O
+; O
+sssK O
+: O
+sensor O
+histidine O
+kinase O
+; O
+sssM O
+: O
+synthetase O
+involved O
+in O
+lantibiotic O
+modification O
+; O
+sssR O
+: O
+response O
+regulator O
+; O
+sssT O
+: O
+ABC O
+transporter O
+. O
+
+Also O
+, O
+several O
+loline-alkaloid O
+producers O
+had O
+missing O
+or O
+inactive O
+decoration O
+genes O
+( O
+lolN O
+, O
+lolM O
+, O
+and O
+lolP O
+) O
+. O
+
+Mycotoxin O
+genes O
+are O
+expressed O
+as O
+a O
+biosynthetic O
+gene O
+cluster O
+( O
+BGC O
+) O
+. O
+
+salmonicida O
+A449 O
+70 O
+YP_001141301 B-bgc-accession
+ORF4 O
+5237.6016 O
+glycosyltransferase O
+, O
+group O
+2 O
+family O
+protein O
+wbxS O
+Escherichia O
+coli O
+48 O
+ACH97156 B-bgc-accession
+ORF5 O
+6013.7269 O
+integral O
+membrane O
+protein O
+AefA/O-antigen O
+flippase O
+wzx O
+Salmonella O
+bongori O
+NCTC O
+12419 O
+70 O
+YP_004730750 B-bgc-accession
+ORF6 O
+7300.9282 O
+epimerase/dehydratase O
+family O
+WbfY-like O
+protein O
+
+wbgZ O
+Aeromonas O
+hydrophila O
+subsp O
+. O
+
+mpz7 O
+and O
+mpz8 O
+show O
+similarity O
+( O
+74 O
+% O
+and O
+60 O
+% O
+, O
+respectively O
+) O
+to O
+monooxygenases O
+. O
+
+The O
+lividomycin O
+biosynthetic O
+gene O
+cluster O
+was O
+cloned O
+from O
+Streptomyces O
+lividus O
+as O
+a O
+40 O
+kb O
+DNA O
+fragment O
+( O
+GB O
+No. O
+AJ748832 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+Geninthiocin O
+B O
+gene O
+cluster O
+is O
+flanked O
+at O
+both O
+ends O
+by O
+the O
+genes O
+encoding O
+ribosomal O
+and O
+translation-associated O
+proteins O
+( O
+Figure O
+4 O
+, O
+Table O
+2 O
+) O
+, O
+which O
+are O
+presumably O
+not O
+involved O
+in O
+geninthiocin O
+B O
+and O
+compound O
+2 O
+biosynthesises O
+, O
+but O
+may O
+play O
+a O
+key O
+role O
+in O
+self-resistance O
+of O
+Streptomyces O
+sp. O
+YIM O
+130001 O
+. O
+
+We O
+completed O
+genome O
+sequencing O
+and O
+gene O
+function O
+annotation O
+for O
+A. O
+ustus O
+094102 O
+in O
+April O
+, O
+2012 O
+. O
+
+Comparison O
+of O
+Strategies O
+to O
+Overcome O
+Drug O
+Resistance O
+: O
+Learning O
+from O
+Various O
+Kingdoms O
+Drug O
+resistance O
+, O
+especially O
+antibiotic O
+resistance O
+, O
+is O
+a O
+growing O
+threat O
+to O
+human O
+health O
+. O
+
+griseus]74 O
+% O
+srcmGIV O
+glycosyltransferase391PyrC4 O
+[ O
+Streptomyces O
+rugosporus]41 O
+% O
+srcmGII O
+glycosyltransferase391SsfS6 O
+[ O
+Streptomyces O
+sp. O
+SF2575]38 O
+% O
+srcmF O
+dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose O
+epimerase199dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose O
+epimerase O
+[ O
+
+Streptomyces O
+tsukubensis]78 O
+% O
+srcmOII O
+oxygenase550DacO2 O
+
+Similarity O
+of O
+the O
+cladoniamide O
+and O
+BE-54017 O
+gene O
+clusters O
+My O
+annotation O
+of O
+individual O
+genes O
+in O
+the O
+cladoniamide O
+( O
+cla O
+) O
+cluster O
+matches O
+well O
+with O
+the O
+independently O
+reported O
+BE-54017 O
+( O
+abe O
+) O
+cluster O
+[ O
+13 O
+] O
+. O
+
+Atrolysin O
+A O
+is O
+a O
+zinc O
+metalloproteinase O
+that O
+is O
+isolated O
+from O
+the O
+venom O
+of O
+the O
+western O
+diamondback O
+rattlesnake O
+, O
+Crotalus O
+atrox O
+. O
+
+As O
+the O
+genes O
+MpFasA2 O
+, O
+MpFasB2 O
+, O
+MpPKS5 O
+, O
+mppD O
+, O
+and O
+mppB O
+are O
+structural O
+genes O
+for O
+pigment O
+biosynthesis O
+and O
+mppR1 O
+is O
+a O
+regulatory O
+gene O
+( O
+Balakrishnan O
+et O
+al. O
+2013 O
+) O
+, O
+the O
+polyketide O
+chromophores O
+and O
+media O
+fatty O
+acid O
+were O
+still O
+being O
+generated O
+during O
+fermentation O
+anaphase O
+under O
+high O
+glucose O
+stress O
+. O
+
+Remarkably O
+, O
+the O
+genetic O
+backbones O
+of O
+the O
+xantholysin O
+and O
+entolysin O
+NRPS O
+systems O
+also O
+bear O
+pronounced O
+phylogenetic O
+similarity O
+to O
+those O
+of O
+the O
+P. O
+putida O
+strains O
+PCL1445 O
+and O
+RW10S2 O
+, O
+albeit O
+generating O
+the O
+seemingly O
+structurally O
+unrelated O
+cyclic O
+lipopeptides O
+putisolvin O
+( O
+undecapeptide O
+containing O
+a O
+cyclotetrapeptide O
+) O
+and O
+WLIP O
+( O
+nonapeptide O
+containing O
+a O
+cycloheptapeptide O
+) O
+, O
+respectively O
+. O
+
+Edwards O
+et O
+al. O
+cloned O
+the O
+jamaicamide-producing O
+gene O
+cluster O
+as O
+a O
+58 O
+kb O
+DNA O
+fragment O
+composed O
+of O
+17 O
+open O
+reading O
+frames O
+[ O
+50 O
+] O
+( O
+GB O
+No. O
+AY522504 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+The O
+single O
+polysaccharide O
+repeat O
+bound O
+to O
+Und-PP O
+is O
+flipped O
+to O
+the O
+periplasmic O
+side O
+which O
+is O
+catalyzed O
+by O
+O-antigen O
+flippase O
+[ O
+43 O
+] O
+and O
+polymerized O
+by O
+the O
+Wzy-dependent O
+pathway O
+[ O
+44 O
+] O
+. O
+
+The O
+biosynthetic O
+gene O
+cluster O
+of O
+nocardicin O
+A O
+was O
+cloned O
+[ O
+470 O
+] O
+( O
+GB O
+No. O
+AY541063 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+In O
+contrast O
+, O
+the O
+ascE-deleted O
+strain O
+( O
+ΔascE O
+) O
+only O
+accumulated O
+6 O
+( O
+2.32 O
+g/L O
+, O
+SI O
+Appendix O
+, O
+Table O
+S8 O
+) O
+, O
+but O
+neither O
+1 O
+nor O
+2 O
+( O
+Fig. O
+3C O
+) O
+. O
+
+This O
+regulatory O
+system O
+is O
+composed O
+of O
+two O
+essential O
+genes O
+, O
+gacA O
+and O
+gacS O
+, O
+encoding O
+a O
+sensor O
+kinase O
+and O
+response O
+regulator O
+, O
+respectively O
+, O
+which O
+control O
+the O
+production O
+of O
+multiple O
+secondary O
+metabolites O
+and O
+are O
+directly O
+related O
+to O
+pathogenesis O
+[ O
+63 O
+] O
+. O
+
+Four O
+other O
+genes O
+, O
+which O
+we O
+tentatively O
+designated O
+idtB-like O
+, O
+idtF-like O
+, O
+idtK-like O
+and O
+idtQ-like O
+, O
+were O
+embedded O
+in O
+AT-rich O
+repetitive O
+sequences O
+, O
+and O
+none O
+assembled O
+on O
+the O
+same O
+contigs O
+as O
+the O
+five O
+IDT O
+gene O
+orthologs O
+. O
+
+Numerous O
+rounds O
+of O
+gene-walking O
+outwards O
+from O
+these O
+known O
+regions O
+revealed O
+a O
+SXT O
+gene O
+cluster O
+in O
+L. O
+wollei O
+spanning O
+approximately O
+36 O
+kb O
+( O
+Figure O
+2 O
+) O
+and O
+encoding O
+thirty-one O
+genes O
+predicted O
+to O
+be O
+involved O
+in O
+the O
+biosynthesis O
+and O
+export O
+of O
+the O
+these O
+neurotoxins O
+( O
+Table O
+1 O
+) O
+. O
+
+Further O
+investigation O
+of O
+this O
+metabolite O
+using O
+LC-ESI-HRMS O
+identified O
+its O
+m/z O
+as O
+239.1102 O
+, O
+corresponding O
+to O
+the O
+[ O
+M O
++ O
+H]+ O
+of O
+thiotetromycin O
+( O
+2 O
+) O
+( O
+Fig. O
+4B O
+) O
+. O
+
+Both O
+these O
+genes O
+are O
+conserved O
+in O
+cluster O
+34 O
+( O
+Fig. O
+2c O
+) O
+, O
+suggesting O
+that O
+this O
+pigment O
+may O
+be O
+part O
+of O
+the O
+secondary O
+metabolite O
+content O
+of O
+Z. O
+tritici O
+, O
+which O
+may O
+account O
+for O
+the O
+light O
+red/pink O
+color O
+of O
+Z. O
+tritici O
+conidia O
+when O
+grown O
+on O
+rich O
+agar O
+. O
+
+No O
+ICZs O
+production O
+was O
+observed O
+in O
+LIW603 O
+, O
+indicating O
+that O
+spcR O
+is O
+a O
+positive O
+regulator O
+( O
+Figure O
+3a O
+, O
+panel O
+iv O
+) O
+. O
+
+Therefore O
+, O
+we O
+speculated O
+that O
+1 O
+was O
+derived O
+from O
+the O
+ribosomally O
+synthesized O
+and O
+post-translationally O
+modified O
+peptide O
+( O
+RiPP O
+) O
+biosynthetic O
+machinery20 O
+, O
+21 O
+, O
+which O
+may O
+catalyse O
+the O
+formation O
+of O
+a O
+single O
+thiazoline O
+ring O
+from O
+cysteine O
+, O
+two O
+methyloxazole O
+rings O
+from O
+threonines O
+, O
+and O
+five O
+oxazole O
+rings O
+from O
+serines O
+, O
+via O
+dehydration O
+and O
+oxidation O
+. O
+
+Biological O
+Activity O
+Lactomycin O
+A O
+, O
+B O
+, O
+and O
+C O
+inhibit O
+cathepsin O
+B O
+with O
+IC50 O
+values O
+of O
+4.5 O
+μM O
+, O
+0.8 O
+μM O
+, O
+and O
+1.6 O
+μM O
+, O
+respectively O
+. O
+
+Nocardicin O
+A O
+is O
+a O
+monocyclic O
+β-lactam O
+antibiotic O
+monobactam O
+, O
+and O
+was O
+isolated O
+from O
+Nocardia O
+uniformis O
+[ O
+469 O
+] O
+and O
+other O
+actinomycetes O
+. O
+
+Results O
+We O
+report O
+here O
+the O
+complete O
+sequence O
+of O
+a O
+12.2 O
+kb O
+virulence O
+locus O
+of O
+Xanthomonas O
+oryzae O
+pv O
+. O
+
+Firstly O
+, O
+the O
+fatty O
+acid O
+( O
+FA O
+) O
+of O
+the O
+C10 O
+unit O
+, O
+which O
+is O
+used O
+as O
+the O
+precursor O
+material O
+, O
+is O
+synthesized O
+by O
+PKS O
+SwrEFG O
+and O
+other O
+undetermined O
+proteins O
+and O
+is O
+released O
+as O
+a O
+fatty O
+acyl-CoA. O
+Secondly O
+, O
+a O
+17.7 O
+O O
+kb O
+swrA O
+encodes O
+the O
+core O
+W2-peptide O
+chain O
+( O
+the O
+structure O
+of O
+the O
+CLP O
+with O
+a O
+5-amino O
+acid O
+peptide O
+moiety O
+) O
+, O
+which O
+contains O
+a O
+total O
+of O
+five O
+modules O
+
+G-52 O
+is O
+6-methylsisomicin O
+and O
+G-418 O
+( O
+geneticin O
+) O
+is O
+structurally O
+similar O
+to O
+gentamicin O
+. O
+
+Antibiotic O
+susceptibility O
+of O
+S. O
+infantarius O
+LP90a O
+. O
+
+Gene O
+Target O
+Primer O
+Name O
+Primer O
+Sequence O
+5′ O
+to O
+3′ O
+Amplicon O
+Length/bp O
+Target O
+Species O
+Reference O
+TRI3 O
+3_CONS O
+1 O
+TGGCAAAGACTGGTTCAC O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI3 O
+3_NIV_F O
+GTGCACAGAATATACGAGC O
+840 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
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+[ O
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+] O
+TRI3 O
+3_15ADON_F O
+ACTGACCCAAGCTGCCATC O
+610 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI3 O
+3_3ADON_F O
+CGCATTGGCTAACACATG O
+243 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI12 O
+12_CONS O
+CATGAGCATGGTGATGTC O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI12 O
+12_NIV_F O
+TCTCCTCGTTGTATCTGG O
+840 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI12 O
+12_15ADON_F O
+
+TACAGCGGTCGCAACTTC O
+670 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI12 O
+12_3ADON_F O
+CTTTGGCAAGCCCGTGCA O
+410 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+[ O
+79 O
+] O
+TRI3 O
+Tri3F971 O
+CATCATACTCGCTCTGCTG O
+708for O
+15-ADON O
+producers O
+only O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+80 O
+] O
+Tri3F1325 O
+
+GCATTGGCTAACACATGA O
+354for O
+3-ADON O
+producers O
+only O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+80 O
+] O
+Tri3R1679 O
+TT(A/G)TAGTTTGCA O
+TCATT(A/G)TAG O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+80 O
+] O
+Gene O
+F O
+3891 O
+GCTGTCAYAGYCAGAAGYTACGATG O
+1200 O
+Fusarium O
+incarnatum O
+equiseti O
+species O
+complex O
+[ O
+62 O
+] O
+3894 O
+
+AGAYATGBAGGACARGGCTTAGGGT O
+Fusarium O
+incarnatum O
+equiseti O
+species O
+complex O
+[ O
+62 O
+] O
+TRI1 O
+1285 O
+GCGTCTCAGCTTCATCAAGGCAKCKAMTGAWTCG O
+1200 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1292 O
+CTTGACTTSMTTGGCKGCAAAGAARCGACCA O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+TRI3 O
+1912 O
+
+TGTGTMGGYGCWGAGGCVATYGTTGG O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1914 O
+ACRGCAGCRGTCTGRCACATGGCGTA O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+TRI4 O
+2576 O
+CCAATCAGYCAYGCTRTTGGGATACTG O
+1800 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+2578 O
+ACCCGGATTTCRCCAACATGCT O
+F. O
+
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+TRI5 O
+1558 O
+GGCATGGTCGTGTACTCTTGGGTCAAGGT O
+1300 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1559 O
+GCCTGMYCAWAGAAYTTGCRGAACTT O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+TRI8 O
+3904 O
+GACCAGNAYCACSGYCAACAGTTCAG O
+1200 O
+Fusarium O
+incarnatum O
+equiseti O
+species O
+complex O
+[ O
+62 O
+] O
+
+3906 O
+GAACAGCCRCTCCRWAACTATTGTC O
+Fusarium O
+incarnatum O
+equiseti O
+species O
+complex O
+[ O
+62 O
+] O
+TRI11 O
+3895 O
+TWCCCCACAAGRAACAYCTYGARCT O
+1300 O
+Fusarium O
+incarnatum O
+equiseti O
+species O
+complex O
+[ O
+62 O
+] O
+3897 O
+TCCCASACTGTYCTSGCMAGCATCAT O
+Fusarium O
+incarnatum O
+equiseti O
+species O
+complex O
+[ O
+62 O
+] O
+TRI16 O
+1472b O
+CCTCTCTCCCCTTGAYCAATTRAACTCT O
+NA O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1473b O
+CTTCCCGATCCCRAYGAGCCTCTTACAC O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1474b O
+GCCTTATMTKGGTAATGTCGTGCTKACA O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1475b O
+AAGAGGCTCRTYGGGATCGGGAAGGTTC O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1476b O
+
+CARCCGACGATGTMAGCACGACATTACC O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+1477b O
+CAATATACGGATACCGCACAAAGACTGG O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+TRI101 O
+2 O
+109 O
+CCATGGGTCGCRGGCCARGTSAA O
+NA O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+178 O
+AACTCSCCRTCIGGYTTYTTNGGCAT O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+[ O
+30 O
+] O
+TRI5 O
+HATri/F O
+CAGATGGAGAACTGGATGGT O
+260 O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+poae O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+, O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sambucinum O
+[ O
+81 O
+] O
+HATri/R O
+GCACAAGTGCCACGTGAC O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+poae O
+, O
+F. O
+sporotrichioides O
+, O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+sambucinum O
+[ O
+81 O
+] O
+TRI11 O
+N11 O
+
+CTTGTCAGGCGGCACAGTAG O
+643 O
+for O
+NIV-producers O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+mesoamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+cortaderiae O
+, O
+F. O
+gerlachii O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+× O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+, O
+F. O
+lunulosporum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+, O
+F. O
+vorosii O
+, O
+F. O
+aethiopicum O
+, O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+boothii O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+brasilicum O
+, O
+F. O
+
+austroamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+pseudograminearum O
+[ O
+74 O
+] O
+15D11 O
+AAGTATGGTCCAGTTGTCCGTATT O
+424 O
+for O
+3-ADON O
+producers O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+mesoamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+cortaderiae O
+, O
+F. O
+gerlachii O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+× O
+F. O
+asiaticu O
+) O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+, O
+F. O
+lunulosporum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+, O
+F. O
+vorosii O
+, O
+F. O
+aethiopicum O
+, O
+
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+boothii O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+brasilicum O
+, O
+F. O
+austroamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+pseudograminearum O
+[ O
+74 O
+] O
+3D11 O
+GCAA O
+GTCTGGCGAGGCC O
+342 O
+for O
+15-ADON O
+producers O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+mesoamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+cortaderiae O
+, O
+F. O
+gerlachii O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+× O
+F. O
+asiaticu O
+) O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+, O
+F. O
+
+lunulosporum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+, O
+F. O
+vorosii O
+, O
+F. O
+aethiopicum O
+, O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+boothii O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+brasilicum O
+, O
+F. O
+austroamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+pseudograminearum O
+[ O
+74 O
+] O
+11R O
+TCAAAGGCCAGAGCA O
+ACCC O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+mesoamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+cortaderiae O
+, O
+F. O
+gerlachii O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+× O
+
+F. O
+asiaticu O
+) O
+, O
+F. O
+meridionale O
+, O
+F. O
+lunulosporum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+, O
+F. O
+vorosii O
+, O
+F. O
+aethiopicum O
+, O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+boothii O
+, O
+F. O
+asiaticum O
+, O
+F. O
+brasilicum O
+, O
+F. O
+austroamericanum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+pseudograminearum O
+[ O
+74 O
+] O
+TRI11 O
+Tri11-CON O
+GACTGCTCATGGAGACGCTG O
+NA O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+[ O
+82 O
+] O
+Tri11 O
+- O
+
+3AcDON O
+TCCTCATGCTCG O
+GTGGACTCG O
+334 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+[ O
+82 O
+] O
+Tri11 O
+- O
+15AcDON O
+TGGTCCAGT O
+TGTCCGTATT O
+279 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+[ O
+82 O
+] O
+Tri11-NIV O
+GTAGGTTCCATTGC O
+TTGTTC O
+497 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+[ O
+82 O
+] O
+TRI7 O
+GzTri7/f1 O
+GGCTTTACGACTCCTCAACAATGG O
+∼160 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+[ O
+66 O
+] O
+GzTri7/r1 O
+
+AGAGCCCTGCGAAAG(C/T)ACTGGTGC O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+[ O
+66 O
+] O
+TRI7 O
+Tri7F340 O
+ATCGTGTACAAGGTTTACG O
+625 O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+80 O
+] O
+Tri7R965 O
+TTCAAGTAACGTTCGACAAT O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+80 O
+] O
+TRI13 O
+Tri13F O
+
+CATCATGAGACTTGTKCRGTTTGGG O
+1075 O
+for O
+NIV O
+producers;799 O
+for O
+DON-producers O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+83 O
+] O
+Tri13DONR O
+GCTAGATCGATTGTTGCATTGAG O
+282 O
+for O
+DON O
+producers O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+83 O
+] O
+Tri13R O
+TTGAAAGCTCCAATGTCGTG O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+83 O
+
+] O
+Tri13NIVF O
+CCAAATCCGAAAACCGCAG O
+312 O
+for O
+NIV O
+producers O
+F. O
+graminearum O
+, O
+F. O
+culmorum O
+, O
+F. O
+cerealis O
+[ O
+83 O
+] O
+
+The O
+deduced O
+protein O
+sequence O
+( O
+Table O
+2 O
+) O
+from O
+cesH O
+( O
+31 O
+kDa O
+) O
+showed O
+significant O
+( O
+58 O
+% O
+) O
+identity O
+to O
+putative O
+hydrolases/acyltransferases O
+( O
+COG0596 O
+) O
+from O
+B. O
+cereus O
+group O
+members O
+. O
+
+carotovorum O
+PC1 O
+52 O
+YP_003016893 B-bgc-accession
+ORF16 O
+17986.19167 O
+glycosyl O
+transferase O
+group O
+1 O
+wbxI O
+Methylobacter O
+tundripaludum O
+SV96 O
+52 O
+ZP_08780763 B-bgc-accession
+ORF17 O
+19164.19655 O
+acetyltransferase O
+wcaF O
+Methylobacter O
+tundripaludum O
+SV96 O
+59 O
+ZP_08780764 B-bgc-accession
+ORF18 O
+19648.20826 O
+O-antigen O
+polymerase O
+wzyE O
+Bacteroides O
+
+sp. O
+2_1_7 O
+29 O
+ZP_05287114 B-bgc-accession
+ORF19 O
+20877.21968 O
+group O
+1 O
+glycosyl O
+transferase O
+protein O
+wdaN O
+Dysgonomonas O
+gadei O
+ATCC O
+BAA-286 O
+42 O
+ZP_08475479 B-bgc-accession
+ORF20 O
+22444.23694 O
+O-antigen O
+flippase O
+wzxB O
+Shewanella O
+baltica O
+OS625 O
+81 O
+EHC06312 B-bgc-accession
+ORF21 O
+23691.24794 O
+aminotransferase O
+fdtB O
+Shewanella O
+baltica O
+OS195 O
+
+81 O
+YP_001555451 B-bgc-accession
+ORF22 O
+24796.25233 O
+dTDP-D-Fucp3N O
+acetyltransferase O
+fdtC O
+Shewanella O
+baltica O
+OS195 O
+85 O
+YP_001555452 B-bgc-accession
+ORF23 O
+25235.25657 O
+dTDP-6-deoxy-3,4-keto-hexulose O
+isomerase O
+fdtA O
+Shewanella O
+putrefaciens O
+200 O
+72 O
+ADV52549 B-bgc-accession
+ORF24 O
+25668.26534 O
+glucose-1-phosphate O
+
+thymidylyltransferase O
+rmlA O
+Shewanella O
+putrefaciens O
+200 O
+79 O
+ADV52548 B-bgc-accession
+ORF25 O
+26531.27619 O
+dTDP-glucose-4 O
+- O
+6-dehydratase O
+rmlB O
+Aeromonas O
+hydrophila O
+93 O
+AAM22544 B-bgc-accession
+ORFd O
+28234.31383 O
+AcrB O
+protein O
+acrB O
+Aeromonas O
+hydrophila O
+subsp O
+. O
+
+The O
+chromatograms O
+of O
+Au8003 O
+reaction O
+product O
+ophiobolin O
+F O
+extracted O
+at O
+m/z O
+358 O
+( O
+a O
+) O
+: O
+( O
+I O
+) O
+GGPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+II O
+) O
+FPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+III O
+) O
+GPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+IV O
+) O
+DMAPP+IPP O
+and O
+( O
+V O
+) O
+IPP O
+, O
+and O
+MS O
+Spectra O
+of O
+peak O
+1 O
+( O
+b O
+) O
+; O
+chromatograms O
+of O
+Au13192 O
+reaction O
+product O
+veridiene O
+extracted O
+at O
+m/z O
+272 O
+( O
+c O
+) O
+: O
+( O
+I O
+) O
+FPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+II O
+) O
+
+GPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+III O
+) O
+DMAPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+IV O
+) O
+IPP O
+and O
+MS O
+Spectra O
+of O
+peak O
+2 O
+( O
+d O
+) O
+; O
+chromatograms O
+of O
+phosphatase O
+hydolysate O
+of O
+Au6298 O
+reaction O
+product O
+FPP O
+extracted O
+at O
+m/z O
+222 O
+( O
+e O
+) O
+: O
+( O
+I O
+) O
+DMAPP+IPP O
+, O
+( O
+II O
+) O
+IPP O
+only O
+and O
+MS O
+Spectra O
+of O
+peak O
+3 O
+( O
+f O
+) O
+. O
+
+For O
+myeD O
+, O
+which O
+encodes O
+an O
+amidohydrolase O
+, O
+a O
+mutant O
+ΔmyeD O
+containing O
+a O
+1410 O
+bp O
+in-frame O
+deletion O
+within O
+this O
+gene O
+was O
+constructed O
+. O
+
+The O
+cmrA O
+and O
+cmrB O
+genes O
+encode O
+the O
+ABC O
+transporters O
+, O
+and O
+cmrX O
+encodes O
+a O
+UvrA-like O
+protein O
+of O
+UV O
+repair O
+nuclease O
+[ O
+481 O
+] O
+. O
+
+Peptide O
+chimeras O
+, O
+in O
+which O
+the O
+LctA O
+leader O
+peptide O
+was O
+appended O
+to O
+different O
+core O
+peptides O
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+( O
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+196 O
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+257 O
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+219 O
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+224 O
+371 O
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+249 O
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+215 O
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+Lechevalieria O
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+orf-3 O
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+19 O
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+
+626.4064 O
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+0.3 O
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+583.3994 O
+583.4004 O
+1.7 O
+83.1 O
+9 O
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+A O
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+e O
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+[ O
+4 O
+] O
+35 O
+C36H56O5 O
+567.4004 O
+567.4055 O
+2.3 O
+89.7 O
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+Cylindrocyclophane O
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+551.4102 O
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+OCONH2 O
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+sacJ O
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+AF262220 B-bgc-accession
+) O
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+Two O
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+olivaceus O
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+Swainsonine O
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+Chaetothyriales O
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+for O
+3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA O
+dehydrogenase O
+( O
+tueI O
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+a O
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+( O
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+butyrate O
+unit-containing O
+polyketide.38 O
+
+The O
+suitability O
+of O
+our O
+primer O
+set O
+to O
+detect O
+phenazine O
+genes O
+in O
+Pseudomonas O
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+further O
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+performing O
+a O
+database O
+search O
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+matched O
+perfectly O
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+phenazine O
+genes O
+, O
+e.g. O
+, O
+P. O
+chlororaphis O
+( O
+L48339 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+, O
+Pseudomonas O
+sp. O
+M18 O
+( O
+FJ494909 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+, O
+P. O
+aeruginosa O
+( O
+FM209186 B-bgc-accession
+, O
+CP000744 B-bgc-accession
+, O
+CP000438 B-bgc-accession
+, O
+AE004091 B-bgc-accession
+, O
+AF005404 B-bgc-accession
+) O
+. O
+
+Different O
+phycotoxins O
+cause O
+distinct O
+poisoning O
+events O
+. O
+
+Results O
+and O
+Discussion O
+Identification O
+of O
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+Conglobatin O
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+= O
+Epichloë O
+canadensis O
+, O
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+= O
+Neotyphodium O
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+FaTG-2 O
+, O
+N. O
+chi O
+= O
+Neotyphodium O
+chisosum O
+, O
+N. O
+coe O
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+
+Ouabain O
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+digoxin O
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+typical O
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+
+Phylogeny O
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+, O
+lolC O
+, O
+lolN O
+, O
+and O
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+The O
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+classLocus O
+tag O
+of O
+the O
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+to O
+† O
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+# O
+Clostridium O
+cellulovorans O
+743B O
+, O
+ATCC O
+35296FirmicutesI O
+Clocel_4251 O
+Clocel_4256 O
+Clocel_4262 O
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+DSM O
+
+555FirmicutesI O
+CKL_3505 O
+Bifidobacterium O
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+DJO10AActino-bacteriaII O
+BLD_1651 O
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+Clostridium O
+acetobutylicum O
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+824FimicutesII O
+CA_C0082 O
+Clostridium O
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+CEA_G0073 O
+Clostridium O
+beijerinckii O
+NCIMB O
+
+8052FimicutesII O
+Cbei_4586 O
+[ O
+25 O
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+Clostridium O
+botulinum O
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+H04402_00616 O
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+743B O
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+35296FimicutesII O
+Clocel_0875 O
+lichenicidin[32]II O
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+4225 O
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+Caldicellulosiruptor O
+lactoaceticus O
+6A O
+, O
+DSM O
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+9545FimicutesII O
+Calla_2060 O
+Caldicellulosiruptor O
+bescii O
+Z-1320 O
+, O
+DSM O
+6725FimicutesII O
+Athe_1107 O
+lichenicidin[32 O
+] O
+Caldicellulosiruptor O
+kristjanssonii O
+177R1B O
+, O
+DSM O
+12137FimicutesII O
+Calkr_0299 O
+Bifidobacterium O
+longum O
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+1222 O
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+Propionibacterium O
+acnes O
+TypeIA2 O
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+P.acn17Actino-bacteriaIV O
+TIA2EST22_11370 O
+†Cluster O
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+similarities O
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+In O
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+Fig. O
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+[ O
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+SC14051]45 O
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+The O
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+e.g. O
+, O
+RkE O
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+RK-682 O
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+, O
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+homologue O
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+, O
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+glyceryl-S-ACP O
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+PKS O
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+e.g. O
+, O
+RkD O
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+26 O
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+, O
+a O
+homologue O
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+AbmA1 O
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+; O
+
+( O
+iii O
+) O
+exomethylene O
+installation O
+via O
+an O
+acylation-elimination O
+process O
+accomplished O
+by O
+an O
+acyltransferase O
+E2 O
+component O
+of O
+2-oxoacid O
+dehydrogenase O
+multienzymes O
+( O
+e.g. O
+, O
+Agg4 O
+in O
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+27 O
+] O
+and O
+QmnD3 O
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+quartromicin O
+biosynthesis O
+[ O
+28 O
+] O
+, O
+homologues O
+of O
+AbmA4 O
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+an O
+α/β O
+hydrolase O
+fold O
+protein O
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+was O
+also O
+reported O
+to O
+display O
+cytotoxicity O
+against O
+human O
+lung O
+cancer O
+A549 O
+, O
+colon O
+cancer O
+HCT116 O
+, O
+stomach O
+cancer O
+SNU638 O
+, O
+liver O
+cancer O
+SK-HEP-1 O
+, O
+and O
+breast O
+cancer O
+MDA-MB-231 O
+cell O
+lines O
+, O
+which O
+are O
+major O
+solid-cancer O
+types O
+, O
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+it O
+did O
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+show O
+antiproliferative O
+effect O
+against O
+the O
+normal O
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+fibroblast O
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+cell O
+line O
+[ O
+1 O
+] O
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+In O
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+the O
+antB O
+and O
+antC O
+promoters O
+must O
+be O
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+a O
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+Trioxacarcins O
+( O
+TXNs O
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+with O
+remarkable O
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+complexity O
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+Goettingen O
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+The O
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+The O
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+pam O
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+a O
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+of O
+∼60 O
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+PKS O
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+tags O
+ERIC2_c18040 O
+– O
+ERIC2 O
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+( O
+Fig.2 O
+, O
+Table O
+S1 O
+) O
+
+Within O
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+BGC O
+in O
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+costaricanus O
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+, O
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+a O
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+It O
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+N O
+– O
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+deletions O
+of O
+sbzF O
+, O
+H O
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+Q O
+( O
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+O O
+1 O
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+
+Sactipeptides O
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+( O
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+a O
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+another O
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+sulfur O
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+installed O
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+β-carbon O
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+1 O
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+34 O
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+The O
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+lacticin O
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+II O
+; O
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+5 O
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+23 O
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+and O
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+formation O
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+class O
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+II O
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+haloduracin O
+α O
+and O
+bovicin O
+HJ50 O
+( O
+Figure O
+21 O
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+. O
+
+Half O
+of O
+the O
+12 O
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+species O
+investigated O
+had O
+EAS O
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+, O
+and O
+each O
+of O
+three O
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+species O
+, O
+E. O
+canadensis O
+, O
+N. O
+coenophialum O
+and O
+FaTG-2 O
+( O
+G2 O
+) O
+, O
+had O
+EAS O
+clusters O
+from O
+two O
+different O
+ancestors O
+. O
+
+Perhaps O
+the O
+crosstalk O
+between O
+primary O
+and O
+secondary O
+metabolisms O
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+a O
+unique O
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+to O
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+excess O
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+nutrient O
+substances O
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+In O
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+, O
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+lanthipeptide O
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+Lct O
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+, O
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+) O
+. O
+
+Natamycin O
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+polyene O
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+antibiotic O
+. O
+
+At O
+the O
+left O
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+, O
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+unknown O
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+( O
+orf3 O
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+for O
+regulatory O
+proteins O
+( O
+orf1 O
+, O
+orf2 O
+and O
+arpRI O
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+located O
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+The O
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+broth O
+, O
+produced O
+by O
+double O
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+was O
+extracted O
+with O
+ethyl O
+acetate O
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+the O
+presence O
+of O
+filipin O
+III O
+( O
+the O
+major O
+component O
+of O
+the O
+filipin O
+complex O
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+. O
+
+The O
+gene O
+cluster O
+for O
+the O
+biosynthesis O
+of O
+thienamycin O
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+located O
+in O
+the O
+plasmid O
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+S. O
+cattleya O
+[ O
+467,468 O
+] O
+( O
+GB O
+No. O
+AJ421798 B-bgc-accession
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+
+Most O
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+in O
+blue O
+have O
+roles O
+the O
+synthesis O
+and O
+activation O
+of O
+phosphonoformate O
+, O
+an O
+early O
+intermediate O
+. O
+
+Chemical O
+and O
+Enzymatic O
+Synthesis O
+of O
+Capuramycin O
+and O
+Analogs O
+Since O
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+structural O
+elucidation O
+of O
+capuramycin O
+in O
+1988 O
+[ O
+33 O
+] O
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+a O
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+syntheses O
+have O
+been O
+independently O
+reported O
+. O
+
+The O
+first O
+three O
+genes O
+, O
+wxoA O
+( O
+encodes O
+a O
+predicted O
+epimerase O
+) O
+, O
+wxoB O
+and O
+wxoC O
+( O
+both O
+encode O
+predicted O
+glycosyl O
+transferases O
+) O
+have O
+been O
+described O
+earlier O
+. O
+
+In O
+contrast O
+, O
+E. O
+glyceriae O
+E277 O
+, O
+E. O
+typhina O
+E5819 O
+, O
+and O
+the O
+two O
+E. O
+festucae O
+isolates O
+lacked O
+lpsC O
+, O
+consistent O
+with O
+the O
+observation O
+that O
+E. O
+festucae O
+Fl1 O
+produced O
+an O
+ergopeptine O
+( O
+ergovaline O
+) O
+but O
+not O
+EN O
+or O
+LAH O
+. O
+
+For O
+these O
+78 O
+cps O
+, O
+a O
+total O
+of O
+1515 O
+coding O
+sequences O
+were O
+annotated O
+, O
+including O
+galF O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+79 O
+) O
+, O
+cpsACP O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+80 O
+) O
+, O
+wzi O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+78 O
+) O
+, O
+wza O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+81 O
+) O
+, O
+wzb O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+78 O
+) O
+, O
+wzc O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+78 O
+) O
+, O
+gnd O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+79 O
+) O
+, O
+manB O
+( O
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+O O
+= O
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+43 O
+
+rmlB O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+29 O
+) O
+, O
+rmlC O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+30 O
+) O
+, O
+rmlD O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+30 O
+) O
+, O
+wcaJ O
+( O
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+O O
+= O
+O O
+40 O
+) O
+, O
+wbaP O
+( O
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+O O
+= O
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+39 O
+) O
+, O
+gmd O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+6 O
+) O
+, O
+wcaG O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+6 O
+) O
+, O
+glf O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+5 O
+) O
+, O
+wzx O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+77 O
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+
+glycosyl O
+hydrolase O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+33 O
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+, O
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+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+35 O
+) O
+, O
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+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+35 O
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+, O
+transposases O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+21 O
+) O
+, O
+nitroreductase O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+2 O
+) O
+, O
+potassium/proton O
+antiporter O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+2 O
+) O
+, O
+tail O
+fiber O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+
+4-epimerase O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+1 O
+) O
+, O
+carbohydrate O
+lyase O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+1 O
+) O
+, O
+CMP-N-acetylneuraminic O
+acid O
+synthetase O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
+O O
+1 O
+) O
+, O
+coenzyme O
+F420 O
+hydrogenase O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+= O
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+1 O
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+and O
+hypothetical O
+proteins O
+( O
+n O
+O O
+
+However O
+, O
+the O
+predicted O
+substrate O
+specificity O
+of O
+AT0 O
+in O
+the O
+loading O
+module O
+is O
+methylmalonyl-CoA O
+instead O
+of O
+malonyl-CoA. O
+Interestingly O
+, O
+the O
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+cluster O
+contains O
+a O
+five-gene O
+regulation O
+system O
+RdmACDEF O
+, O
+which O
+is O
+different O
+from O
+other O
+reported O
+polyene O
+gene O
+clusters O
+. O
+
+Fosfomycin O
+has O
+a O
+unique O
+chemical O
+structure O
+, O
+containing O
+a O
+carbon-phosphorus O
+and O
+an O
+epoxide O
+. O
+
+Insertion O
+of O
+IS10 O
+occurred O
+after O
+nucleotide O
+12871 O
+of O
+GenBank O
+accession O
+number O
+HQ172897 B-bgc-accession
+and O
+resulted O
+in O
+the O
+duplication O
+of O
+residues O
+12863 O
+to O
+12871 O
+. O
+
+In O
+U. O
+maydis O
+, O
+localization O
+studies O
+using O
+fluorescently O
+labeled O
+siderophore O
+analogs O
+suggests O
+ferrichrome O
+A O
+may O
+function O
+as O
+both O
+an O
+extracellular O
+and O
+intracellular O
+siderophore O
+for O
+iron O
+scavenging O
+and O
+storage O
+respectively O
+[ O
+43 O
+] O
+. O
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+A O
+second O
+series O
+of O
+vectors O
+was O
+therefore O
+constructed O
+exploiting O
+the O
+adenine O
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+A. O
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+and O
+which O
+contained O
+combinations O
+of O
+str10 O
+, O
+str8 O
+and O
+str11 O
+, O
+which O
+encode O
+a O
+CoA O
+ligase O
+, O
+a O
+non-haem O
+iron O
+oxygenase O
+and O
+a O
+PAL O
+respectively O
+( O
+see O
+O O
+Supplementary O
+Methods O
+) O
+
+Specifically O
+, O
+an O
+extra O
+dioxygenase O
+( O
+sxtdiox O
+, O
+present O
+in O
+R. O
+brookii O
+) O
+, O
+two O
+additional O
+sulfotransferases O
+( O
+sxtN2 O
+and O
+sxtSUL O
+( O
+present O
+in O
+R. O
+brookii O
+) O
+, O
+two O
+additional O
+exporters O
+( O
+sxtM1 O
+and O
+sxtM2 O
+) O
+, O
+and O
+a O
+novel O
+acyl O
+transferase O
+( O
+sxtACT O
+) O
+define O
+the O
+L. O
+wollei O
+pathway O
+. O
+
+Antimicrobial O
+activity O
+was O
+quantified O
+by O
+measuring O
+the O
+diameter O
+of O
+the O
+inhibition O
+halo O
+( O
+mm O
+) O
+, O
+considering O
+as O
+positive O
+results O
+only O
+diameters O
+higher O
+than O
+3 O
+mm O
+. O
+
+To O
+date O
+, O
+characterized O
+labionin-containing O
+lanthipeptides O
+are O
+the O
+labyrinthopeptide O
+[ O
+21 O
+] O
+, O
+erythreapeptin O
+[ O
+26 O
+] O
+, O
+avermipeptin O
+[ O
+26 O
+] O
+, O
+griseopeptin O
+[ O
+26 O
+] O
+, O
+catenulipeptin O
+[ O
+27 O
+] O
+and O
+NAI112 O
+[ O
+23 O
+] O
+. O
+
+Thus O
+, O
+polyketide O
+compounds O
+are O
+discussed O
+at O
+first O
+, O
+focusing O
+mainly O
+on O
+their O
+self-resistance O
+to O
+phycotoxins O
+. O
+
+Introduction O
+Saxitoxin O
+and O
+its O
+derivatives O
+, O
+collectively O
+termed O
+paralytic O
+shellfish O
+toxins O
+( O
+PST O
+) O
+, O
+are O
+a O
+group O
+of O
+low O
+molecular O
+weight O
+, O
+highly O
+potent O
+neurotoxic O
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+nerve O
+conduction O
+and O
+muscle O
+contraction O
+by O
+selectively O
+binding O
+and O
+blocking O
+of O
+sodium O
+channels O
+. O
+
+Their O
+respective O
+overlapping O
+glycosyltransferase O
+genes O
+( O
+XALc_0365 O
+and O
+XALc_1144 O
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+62 O
+% O
+amino O
+acid O
+similarity O
+( O
+Additional O
+file O
+3 O
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+. O
+
+Two O
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+cyclases O
+, O
+RubE5 O
+and O
+RubE6 O
+, O
+are O
+also O
+found O
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+the O
+rub O
+gene O
+cluster O
+and O
+share O
+high O
+sequence O
+similarity O
+with O
+the O
+cyclase/dehydratase O
+protein O
+ZhuJ O
+( O
+69 O
+% O
+identity O
+) O
+and O
+cyclase O
+ZhuI O
+( O
+79 O
+% O
+identity O
+) O
+, O
+respectively25 O
+. O
+
+Two O
+separate O
+clusters O
+are O
+clearly O
+distinguished O
+( O
+Fig O
+4 O
+) O
+: O
+the O
+sxt O
+gene O
+cluster O
+of O
+Norwegian O
+strain O
+NIVA-CYA O
+851 O
+is O
+most O
+closely O
+related O
+to O
+A. O
+gracile O
+strain O
+NH-5 O
+, O
+and O
+both O
+cluster O
+together O
+with O
+German O
+strain O
+NIVA-CYA O
+655 O
+. O
+
+Furthermore O
+, O
+proteins O
+important O
+for O
+secretion O
+are O
+also O
+located O
+within O
+several O
+of O
+the O
+gene O
+clusters O
+( O
+Figure O
+O O
+8A).Table O
+7 O
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+4 O
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+as O
+substrates O
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+5 O
+. O
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+A O
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+ectoine O
+, O
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+its O
+counterpart O
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+Streptomyces O
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+. O
+
+Polyketides O
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+via O
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+small O
+carboxylic O
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+that O
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+reminiscent O
+of O
+fatty O
+acid O
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+. O
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+Among O
+them O
+, O
+six O
+genes O
+, O
+fusA O
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+fusB2 O
+, O
+fusB3 O
+, O
+fusB4 O
+, O
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+and O
+fusD O
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+proteins O
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+high O
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+( O
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+those O
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+helA O
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+helB2 O
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+helB4 O
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+helB1 O
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+helC O
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+helD2 O
+in O
+the O
+gene O
+cluster O
+of O
+helvolic O
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+Restoration O
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+that O
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+of O
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+In O
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+identifiers O
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+In O
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+1 O
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+11673 O
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+It O
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+cyclase O
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+jejuni O
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+al. O
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+These O
+results O
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+Considering O
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+We O
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+2B O
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+alb3–alb4 O
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+Putative O
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+9 O
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+total O
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+19 O
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+a O
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+( O
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+fungi O
+. O
+
+Notably O
+, O
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+encoded O
+in O
+the O
+genome O
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+Thermomonospora O
+curvata,131 O
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+may O
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+both O
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+final O
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+class O
+II O
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+geobacilin O
+II.394,486 O
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+discovered O
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+synthetase O
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+any O
+in O
+vitro O
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+
+idtK O
+– O
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+, O
+V O
+– O
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+idtE O
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+For O
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+dqh15 O
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+2-MIB O
+( O
+Figure O
+2 O
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+99–100%/N O
+= O
+4 O
+600 O
+87–100 O
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+% O
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+1010 O
+; O
+1060 O
+92–100%/N O
+= O
+13 O
+99–100%/N O
+= O
+4 O
+315 O
+76–100 O
+% O
+98–100 O
+% O
+TRI14 O
+unknown O
+658 O
+; O
+660 O
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+= O
+41 O
+97–100%/N O
+= O
+4 O
+; O
+11 O
+; O
+8 O
+202 O
+89–100 O
+% O
+99–100 O
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+TRI16 O
+acyl O
+transferase O
+1143 O
+90–100%/N O
+= O
+8 O
+99–100%/N O
+= O
+4 O
+
+381 O
+60–100 O
+% O
+99–100 O
+% O
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+acetyl O
+transferase O
+925 O
+; O
+1244 O
+96–100%/N O
+= O
+17 O
+; O
+33 O
+99–100%/N O
+= O
+11 O
+; O
+8 O
+; O
+6 O
+444 O
+79–100 O
+% O
+99–100 O
+% O
+TRI1 O
+cytochrome O
+P450 O
+monooxygenase O
+664 O
+; O
+1755 O
+94–100%/N O
+= O
+8 O
+99–100%/N O
+= O
+100 O
+512 O
+85–100 O
+% O
+98–100 O
+% O
+Commonly O
+used O
+primers O
+designed O
+against O
+specific O
+target O
+genes O
+of O
+the O
+TRI O
+gene O
+cluster O
+for O
+Fusarium O
+. O
+
+carnosum O
+Ta11a O
+, O
+the O
+amino O
+acid O
+sequence O
+of O
+which O
+will O
+be O
+called O
+leucocin O
+B-Ta11a O
+below O
+] O
+. O
+
+Similarly O
+, O
+the O
+transcription O
+of O
+remaining O
+genes O
+of O
+the O
+cluster O
+was O
+also O
+affected O
+negatively O
+, O
+including O
+the O
+three O
+regulatory O
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+filR O
+, O
+filF O
+and O
+filI O
+( O
+Fig O
+3 O
+) O
+. O
+
+For O
+M1152/pEVK13 O
+( O
+kyaR1 O
+only O
+) O
+, O
+we O
+observed O
+a O
+zone O
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+inhibition O
+which O
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+approximately O
+three O
+times O
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+than O
+for O
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+M1152/pEVK6 O
+( O
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+) O
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+
+We O
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+glucose-1-phosphate O
+thymidylyltransferase O
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+4,6-dehydratase O
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+glucose-1-phosphate O
+( O
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+dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose O
+( O
+9b O
+) O
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+( O
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+by O
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+dTDP-D-fucose O
+( O
+9c O
+) O
+( O
+
+Fig. O
+3c)34 O
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+
+Introduction O
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+important O
+microbial O
+secondary O
+metabolites O
+. O
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+Lane O
+1 O
+, O
+DNA O
+molecular O
+weight O
+markers O
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+2 O
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+4 O
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+suis O
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+94–623 O
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+2 O
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+sslA O
+gene O
+; O
+lanes O
+4 O
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+5 O
+, O
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+
+The O
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+was O
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+as O
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+DNA O
+fragment O
+[ O
+54,55 O
+] O
+( O
+GB O
+No. O
+AJ862840 B-bgc-accession
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+
+The O
+fourth O
+gene O
+is O
+wxoD O
+and O
+encodes O
+a O
+predicted O
+327 O
+amino O
+acids O
+long O
+protein O
+. O
+
+The O
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+ABC O
+transporters O
+, O
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+UvrA-like O
+UV O
+repair O
+nuclease O
+. O
+
+It O
+has O
+hepatoxic O
+and O
+neurotoxic O
+effects O
+and O
+is O
+a O
+potential O
+carcinogen O
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+
+Knockdown O
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+ctcS O
+altered O
+the O
+transcription O
+of O
+several O
+biosynthesis-related O
+genes O
+and O
+reduced O
+the O
+production O
+of O
+tetracycline O
+( O
+TC O
+) O
+and O
+CTC O
+, O
+without O
+obvious O
+effect O
+on O
+morphological O
+differentiation O
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+cell O
+growth O
+. O
+
+Only O
+a O
+fragmented O
+part O
+of O
+this O
+gene O
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+present O
+in O
+the O
+A. O
+circinalis O
+AWQC131C O
+sxt O
+gene O
+cluster O
+, O
+while O
+sxtV O
+in O
+the O
+Aph O
+. O
+
+Their O
+clinical O
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+is O
+limited O
+by O
+their O
+toxicity O
+. O
+
+As O
+expected O
+, O
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+retrieved O
+the O
+four O
+Streptomyces O
+strains O
+discussed O
+above O
+first O
+but O
+, O
+in O
+addition O
+, O
+we O
+found O
+sequence O
+equivalents O
+for O
+all O
+41 O
+functional O
+domains O
+for O
+AtcC-AtcF O
+in O
+the O
+genome O
+of O
+Nocardiopsis O
+kunsanensis O
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+a O
+species O
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+to O
+the O
+same O
+taxonomic O
+class O
+( O
+Actinobacteria O
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+but O
+in O
+a O
+different O
+order O
+( O
+Streptosporangiales O
+) O
+compared O
+to O
+Streptomyces O
+( O
+Supplementary O
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