---
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
language: en
license: other
datasets:
- FremyCompany/BioLORD-Dataset
---

# FremyCompany/BioLORD-STAMB2-v1
This model was trained using BioLORD, a new pre-training strategy for producing meaningful representations for clinical sentences and biomedical concepts. State-of-the-art methodologies operate by maximizing the similarity in representation of names referring to the same concept, and preventing collapse through contrastive learning. However, because biomedical names are not always self-explanatory, it sometimes results in non-semantic representations. BioLORD overcomes this issue by grounding its concept representations using definitions, as well as short descriptions derived from a multi-relational knowledge graph consisting of biomedical ontologies. Thanks to this grounding, our model produces more semantic concept representations that match more closely the hierarchical structure of ontologies. BioLORD establishes a new state of the art for text similarity on both clinical sentences (MedSTS) and biomedical concepts (MayoSRS).

This model is based on [sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2) and was further finetuned on the [BioLORD-Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/FremyCompany/BioLORD-Dataset).
<img width="640" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/moonup/production/uploads/1665568401241-5f04e8865d08220171a0ad3f.png" />


## General purpose
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search.

## Citation
This dataset accompanies the [BioLORD: Learning Ontological Representations from Definitions](https://TODO/) paper, accepted in the EMNLP 2022 Findings. When you use this dataset, please cite the original paper as follows:

```latex
TODO
```

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)
Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:
```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can use the model like this:
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["Cat scratch injury", "Cat scratch disease", "Bartonellosis"]

model = SentenceTransformer('FremyCompany/BioLORD-STAMB2-v1')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
```
## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)

# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ["Cat scratch injury", "Cat scratch disease", "Bartonellosis"]

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('FremyCompany/BioLORD-STAMB2-v1')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('FremyCompany/BioLORD-STAMB2-v1')

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)
# Perform pooling
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])
# Normalize embeddings
sentence_embeddings = F.normalize(sentence_embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)
```