# Copyright 2022 The T5X Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. r"""Script to pretrain or finetune in JAX using a SeqIO pipeline. """ import functools import itertools import math import os import time from typing import Callable, Iterator, Sequence, Mapping, Tuple, Type, Optional import subprocess # Set Linen to add profiling information when constructing Modules. # Must be set before flax imports. # pylint:disable=g-import-not-at-top os.environ['FLAX_PROFILE'] = 'true' # TODO(adarob): Re-enable once users are notified and tests are updated. os.environ['FLAX_LAZY_RNG'] = 'no' from absl import logging from clu import metric_writers import jax from jax import random from jax.experimental import multihost_utils import jax.numpy as jnp import numpy as np import seqio from t5x import models from t5x import partitioning from t5x import train_state as train_state_lib from t5x import trainer as trainer_lib from t5x import utils from t5x import checkpoint_importer LazyArray = checkpoint_importer.LazyArray import tensorflow as tf # Automatically search for gin files relative to the T5X package. _DEFAULT_GIN_SEARCH_PATHS = [ os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) ] PyTreeDef = type(jax.tree_structure(None)) P = partitioning.PartitionSpec # Special key that used to distinguish train metrics. TRAIN_METRIC_KEY = 'train' # String keys that is acceptable from config. _ACTION_KEYS = frozenset(trainer_lib.ActionMode.__members__.keys()) def run_actions( mode: trainer_lib.ActionMode, actions: trainer_lib.ActionMapType, train_state: train_state_lib.TrainState, metrics_by_task: Mapping[str, trainer_lib.MetricValueMapType]) -> bool: """Invokes all actions on the given mode on host 0, then broadcasts to all. Args: mode: The mode to run the actions. e.g., if mode is `train`, only actions configured to run with `train` mode will be invoked. actions: A mapping of actions that runs after train, eval or infer_eval, to inspect the model and perform useful operations, e.g., early stopping. train_state: The current train_state of the trainer. metrics_by_task: A map of metrics keyed by task name. Returns: A bool indicating whether training should be halted. Raises: RuntimeError: When the metrics processed on host 0 is None. """ stop_training = False if jax.process_index() == 0: if not metrics_by_task: raise RuntimeError('Metric is unexpectedly empty on process 0') for action in actions.get(mode, []): stop_training |= action.run(train_state, metrics_by_task=metrics_by_task) # Broadcast result from host 0 to others. return bool(multihost_utils.broadcast_one_to_all(jnp.array(stop_training))) def train( *, model: models.BaseTransformerModel, train_dataset_cfg: utils.DatasetConfig, train_eval_dataset_cfg: Optional[utils.DatasetConfig], infer_eval_dataset_cfg: Optional[utils.DatasetConfig], checkpoint_cfg: utils.CheckpointConfig, partitioner: partitioning.BasePartitioner, trainer_cls: Type[trainer_lib.BaseTrainer], model_dir: str, total_steps: int, eval_steps: int, eval_period: int, stats_period: Optional[int] = None, random_seed: Optional[int], use_hardware_rng: bool = False, summarize_config_fn: Callable[[str, metric_writers.MetricWriter, int], None], inference_evaluator_cls: Type[seqio.Evaluator] = seqio.Evaluator, get_dataset_fn: utils.GetDatasetCallable = utils.get_dataset, concurrent_metrics: bool = True, actions: Optional[Mapping[str, Sequence[trainer_lib.BaseAction]]] = None, train_eval_get_dataset_fn: Optional[utils.GetDatasetCallable] = None, run_eval_before_training: bool = False, hub_model_id: str = None, ) -> Tuple[int, train_state_lib.TrainState]: """Train function. Args: model: The model object to use for training. train_dataset_cfg: Specification for the dataset to train with. train_eval_dataset_cfg: Specification for the dataset to evaluate with using the train metrics and no inference (e.g., uses teacher forcing). If None, train eval is disabled. infer_eval_dataset_cfg: Specification for the dataset to evaluate with using the inference metrics (e.g., uses sampled decoding). If None, inference eval is disabled. checkpoint_cfg: Specification for saving and restoring model parameters and dataset state to/from checkpoints. partitioner: Partitioner for model parameters and data across devices. trainer_cls: An implementation of BaseTrainer. model_dir: Path of directory to store checkpoints and metric summaries. total_steps: The step number to stop training after. The number of actual steps trained in this run will be this number minus the starting step from the checkpoint. eval_steps: The number of batches to process for each train-eval loop. eval_period: The number of train steps between each evaluation (both train-eval and infer-eval). stats_period: The number of train steps between writing scalar stats. If None, defaults to eval_period. random_seed: A random seed to use for dropout and initialization. If None, a fast, non-deterministic hardware-based RNG is used. use_hardware_rng: Whether to force using the RngBitGenerator based hardware rng, which takes seeds and acts similarly to software PRNG in that it should be seed-deterministic. The new RngBitGenerator custom PRNG system should be reproducible for a given sharding, but the numbers will change for different shardings of the same model. summarize_config_fn: A function that takes in the model directory, a SummaryWriter, and the step number, and writes a summary of the inference_evaluator_cls: seqio.Evaluator class to use for inference evaluation, potentially with bound configuration args. get_dataset_fn: The callable use to get the train and train-eval datasets based on the DatasetConfig and shard information. concurrent_metrics: If True, allow metrics computation and logging to overlap with training. Will likely result in additional TPU memory usage. actions: A mapping of actions that runs after train, eval or infer_eval, to inspect the model and perform useful operations, e.g., early stopping. The key must have a 1:1 mapping to ActionMode enum. For EVAL actions to actually work, this requires `concurrent_metrics` to be turned off, since chaining futures and mutating states concurrently might be error-prone. train_eval_get_dataset_fn: Optional callable use to get the train-eval datasets based on the DatasetConfig and shard information. If missing, it defaults to `get_dataset_fn`. run_eval_before_training: If True, calculate training eval and inference eval metrics before training begins. Returns: The tuple of (last_step, last_train_state). """ logging.info('Process ID: %d', jax.process_index()) tf.io.gfile.makedirs(model_dir) # Each "epoch" of the training loop should be the min of the eval period, # checkpoint period or the full training. # We compute here to ensure that the eval period and checkpoint period are # divisible by this number, otherwise we fail. eval_enabled = (train_eval_dataset_cfg or infer_eval_dataset_cfg) eval_period = eval_period if eval_enabled else 0 checkpoint_period = checkpoint_cfg.save.period if checkpoint_cfg.save else 0 if eval_period or checkpoint_period: steps_per_epoch = min(eval_period or np.inf, checkpoint_period or np.inf) else: steps_per_epoch = total_steps stats_period = stats_period or steps_per_epoch if (eval_period and eval_period % steps_per_epoch or checkpoint_period and checkpoint_period % steps_per_epoch): raise ValueError( f'Checkpoint period ({checkpoint_period}) must evenly divide eval ' f'period ({eval_period}), or vice-versa.') if use_hardware_rng or random_seed is None: logging.info( 'Using fast RngBitGenerator PRNG for initialization and dropout.') if random_seed is None: random_seed = multihost_utils.broadcast_one_to_all(np.int32(time.time())) logging.info('Random seed not provided, using RNG seed %s', random_seed) else: logging.warning( 'When using hardware RNG with a fixed seed, repeatability is only ' 'guaranteed for fixed hardware and partitioning schemes and for a ' 'fixed version of this code and its dependencies.') utils.set_hardware_rng_ops() rng = random.PRNGKey(random_seed) else: logging.info('Using seed for initialization and dropout RNG: %d', random_seed) rng = random.PRNGKey(random_seed) init_rng, trainer_rng = random.split(rng, 2) # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Initialize datasets # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (train_dataset_cfg.seed and not (checkpoint_cfg.save or checkpoint_cfg.save.save_dataset)): logging.warning( 'Providing a random seed for the train dataset with ' '`checkpoint_train_ds=False` is dangerous since each ' 'preemption/restart will cause the dataset to deterministically replay ' 'from the beginning.') data_layout = partitioner.get_data_layout(train_dataset_cfg.batch_size) ds_shard_id = data_layout.shard_id num_ds_shards = data_layout.num_shards def _verify_matching_vocabs(cfg: utils.DatasetConfig): ds_vocabs = utils.get_vocabulary(cfg) if (ds_vocabs[0] != model.input_vocabulary or ds_vocabs[1] != model.output_vocabulary): raise ValueError(f'Model and Task vocabularies do not match:\n' f' task={cfg.mixture_or_task_name}\n' f' ds_vocabs=({ds_vocabs[0]}, {ds_vocabs[1]})\n' f' model.input_vocabulary={model.input_vocabulary}\n' f' model.output_vocabulary={model.output_vocabulary}\n') _verify_matching_vocabs(train_dataset_cfg) train_ds = get_dataset_fn(train_dataset_cfg, ds_shard_id, num_ds_shards, model.FEATURE_CONVERTER_CLS) if train_eval_dataset_cfg: _verify_matching_vocabs(train_eval_dataset_cfg) train_eval_datasets = utils.get_training_eval_datasets( train_eval_dataset_cfg, ds_shard_id, num_ds_shards, eval_steps, model.FEATURE_CONVERTER_CLS, get_dataset_fn=train_eval_get_dataset_fn if train_eval_get_dataset_fn is not None else get_dataset_fn) # type: Mapping[str, tf.data.Dataset] if not train_eval_datasets: logging.warning( 'No train_eval datasets loaded from config `train_eval_dataset_cfg`: ' '%s', train_eval_dataset_cfg) else: train_eval_datasets = {} # Initialize optimizer, maybe from an existing checkpoint. checkpointable_train_iter: tf.data.Iterator = iter(train_ds) # pytype:disable=annotation-type-mismatch train_iter: Iterator[trainer_lib.BatchType] = map( lambda x: jax.tree_map(np.array, x), checkpointable_train_iter) # The manner in which parameters are initialized follows this order of # preference: # 1. From a T5X checkpoint in `model_dir`, if one exists. # 2. From a T5X or TF checkpoint specified by `cfg.path`, if set. # 3. From scratch using `init_fn`. # 1. From a T5X checkpoint in `model_dir`, if one exists. if checkpoint_cfg.restore is not None: state_transforms_for_restore = [ functools.partial(fn, is_resuming=True) for fn in checkpoint_cfg.restore.state_transformation_fns ] else: state_transforms_for_restore = [] restore_cfgs = [ utils.RestoreCheckpointConfig( path=model_dir, mode='latest', dtype=checkpoint_cfg.save.dtype, checkpointer_cls=checkpoint_cfg.save.checkpointer_cls, # Restore dataset state if it is being saved. restore_dataset=(checkpoint_cfg.save and checkpoint_cfg.save.save_dataset), state_transformation_fns=state_transforms_for_restore) ] # 2. From a checkpoint specified by `checkpoint_cfg.restore.path`, if set. if checkpoint_cfg.restore: if checkpoint_cfg.restore.mode == 'all': raise ValueError( "Restore checkpoint mode 'all' is not supported in training.") # TODO(dhgarrette): Split "restore" behavior into separate configurations # for the initial restoration for a new run, vs resuming a stopped run. if isinstance(checkpoint_cfg.restore.path, str): restore_cfgs.append(checkpoint_cfg.restore) elif not checkpoint_cfg.restore.path: # `path` is an empty (non-`str`) sequence, so there is nothing to restore. pass else: raise ValueError( 'Restore checkpoint config may only have a single path in training.') # Need to use full batch size. input_shapes = { k: (data_layout.batch_size, *v.shape[1:]) for k, v in train_ds.element_spec.items() } input_types = { k: v.dtype.as_numpy_dtype() for k, v in train_ds.element_spec.items() } init_or_restore_tick = time.time() train_state_initializer = utils.TrainStateInitializer( optimizer_def=model.optimizer_def, init_fn=model.get_initial_variables, input_shapes=input_shapes, input_types=input_types, partitioner=partitioner) # 3. From scratch using `init_fn`. train_state = train_state_initializer.from_checkpoint_or_scratch( restore_cfgs, init_rng=init_rng, ds_iter=checkpointable_train_iter) train_state_axes = train_state_initializer.train_state_axes init_or_restore_secs = time.time() - init_or_restore_tick logging.info('Initialize/restore complete (%.2f seconds).', init_or_restore_secs) # Log the variable shapes information and write to a file. log_file = os.path.join(model_dir, 'model-info.txt') utils.log_model_info(log_file, train_state_initializer.global_train_state_shape, partitioner) if checkpoint_period: checkpointer = checkpoint_cfg.save.checkpointer_cls( train_state=train_state_initializer.global_train_state_shape, partitioner=partitioner, checkpoints_dir=model_dir, dataset_iterator=(checkpointable_train_iter if checkpoint_cfg.save.save_dataset else None), save_dtype=checkpoint_cfg.save.dtype, keep=checkpoint_cfg.save.keep) # Restore step from last checkpoint or set to 0 if training from scratch. host_step = int(train_state.step) # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Trainer # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- trainer: trainer_lib.BaseTrainer = trainer_cls( model=model, train_state=train_state, partitioner=partitioner, train_state_axes=train_state_axes, eval_names=train_eval_datasets.keys(), summary_dir=model_dir, rng=trainer_rng) del train_state train_metrics = trainer.train_metrics_manager summarize_config_fn(model_dir, train_metrics.summary_writer, host_step) train_metrics.write_scalar('timing/init_or_restore_seconds', init_or_restore_secs, host_step) # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SeqIO (inference-based) evaluation setup # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Init evaluator to set up cached datasets evaluator = None if infer_eval_dataset_cfg is not None: _verify_matching_vocabs(infer_eval_dataset_cfg) evaluator = inference_evaluator_cls( log_dir=os.path.join(model_dir, 'inference_eval'), mixture_or_task_name=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.mixture_or_task_name, feature_converter=model.FEATURE_CONVERTER_CLS(pack=False), eval_split=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.split, use_cached=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.use_cached, seed=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.seed, sequence_length=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.task_feature_lengths, use_memory_cache=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.use_memory_cache) if not evaluator.eval_tasks: # Skip evaluaton. evaluator = None if evaluator is not None: predict_fn = utils.get_infer_fn( infer_step=model.predict_batch, batch_size=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.batch_size, train_state_axes=train_state_axes, partitioner=partitioner) score_fn = utils.get_infer_fn( infer_step=model.score_batch, batch_size=infer_eval_dataset_cfg.batch_size, train_state_axes=train_state_axes, partitioner=partitioner) if actions is None: actions = {} if set(actions.keys()).difference(_ACTION_KEYS): raise ValueError(f'actions keys must be one of {_ACTION_KEYS}, but got : ' f'{actions.keys()}') # Transform the string key into proper ActionMode enum. actions = {trainer_lib.ActionMode[k]: v for k, v in actions.items()} if concurrent_metrics and actions.get(trainer_lib.ActionMode.INFER_EVAL, None) is not None: logging.warning('Actions for INFER_EVAL will not be triggered when async ' 'metrics computation is enabled') if concurrent_metrics and actions.get(trainer_lib.ActionMode.TRAIN, None) is not None: logging.warning('Actions for TRAIN will not be triggered when async ' 'metrics computation is enabled') # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Setup Eval Utility Functions # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- def _run_training_eval(first_run: bool = False): if first_run: logging.info('Compiling training eval loop.') trainer.compile_eval({ task: utils.get_zeros_batch_like_dataset(ds) for task, ds in train_eval_datasets.items() }) logging.info('Computing training evaluation metrics.') eval_batch_iters = { task: ds.as_numpy_iterator() for task, ds in train_eval_datasets.items() } eval_summaries = trainer.eval(eval_batch_iters) trainer.stop_training = run_actions(trainer_lib.ActionMode.TRAIN_EVAL, actions, trainer.train_state, eval_summaries) def _run_inference_eval(): """Run prediction based inference eval.""" if evaluator is None: return logging.info('Running inference evaluation.') evaluate_tick = time.time() all_metrics, _, _ = evaluator.evaluate( compute_metrics=jax.process_index() == 0, step=host_step, predict_fn=functools.partial( predict_fn, train_state=trainer.train_state, rng=jax.random.PRNGKey(0)), score_fn=functools.partial(score_fn, train_state=trainer.train_state)) if not concurrent_metrics: # Ensure metrics are finished being computed. all_metrics_done = all_metrics.result() or {} trainer.stop_training = run_actions(trainer_lib.ActionMode.INFER_EVAL, actions, trainer.train_state, all_metrics_done) train_metrics.write_scalar('timing/evaluate_seconds', time.time() - evaluate_tick, host_step) # Optionally run teacher-forcing training eval and SeqIO inference-base eval # before training. Useful for testing how much a model knows before any # finetuning. if run_eval_before_training: if train_eval_datasets: logging.info('Running training eval before training.') _run_training_eval(first_run=True) if evaluator is not None: logging.info('Running inference eval before training.') _run_inference_eval() # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Main training loop # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Handle the HF repository creation if hub_model_id: logging.info('PUSH TO HF HUB ENABLED.') from huggingface_hub import Repository repo_name = hub_model_id repo = Repository(model_dir, clone_from=repo_name) logging.info('Starting training loop.') first_step = host_step if total_steps < first_step: raise ValueError( f'Unexpected total_steps ({total_steps}) < checkpoint step ' f' ({first_step}).') logging.info('Starting main loop over steps %d-%d', first_step, total_steps) steps_per_epoch = min(steps_per_epoch, total_steps) first_epoch = first_step // steps_per_epoch num_epochs = first_epoch + math.ceil( (total_steps - first_step) / steps_per_epoch) logging.info('Training with artificial "epochs" of %d steps.', steps_per_epoch) # Kickstart training dataset and compile train loop. logging.info('Kickstarting train dataset prefetch.') logging.flush() ds_tick = time.time() # Get first batch to warm up the dataset pipeline. first_batch = next(train_iter) # Prepend first batch back to iterator to be used by trainer. train_iter = itertools.chain([first_batch], train_iter) train_metrics.write_scalar('timing/dataset_warmup_seconds', time.time() - ds_tick, host_step) logging.info('Compiling train loop.') logging.flush() trainer.compile_train(first_batch) # Main Loop over "epochs". for epoch in range(first_epoch, num_epochs): final_epoch = epoch == num_epochs - 1 logging.info('Epoch %d of %d', epoch, num_epochs) # `stop_training` is requested, break out the main loop immediately. if trainer.stop_training: break logging.info('BEGIN Train loop.') try: # Until the last epoch, `num_steps = steps_per_epoch` num_steps = min(total_steps - host_step, steps_per_epoch) epoch_end_step = host_step + num_steps logging.info('Training for %d steps.', num_steps) while host_step < epoch_end_step: if trainer.stop_training: logging.info('Saving a checkpoint before early stopping...') checkpointer.save(trainer.train_state, checkpoint_cfg.save.state_transformation_fns) if hub_model_id: # convert checkpoint to HF Flax model and push to hub checkpoint_step = trainer.train_state.step checkpoint_step = checkpoint_step.get() if isinstance(checkpoint_step, LazyArray) else checkpoint_step checkpoint_step = int(checkpoint_step) # Integer, to avoid side effects in the checkpoint path. subprocess.run(["python3", "convert_t5x_checkpoint_to_flax.py", f"--t5x_checkpoint_path='checkpoint_{checkpoint_step}'/'", "--config_name='config.json'", "--flax_dump_folder_path='./'"]) subprocess.run(["git", "lfs", "prune", "--verify-remote"]) repo.push_to_hub(commit_message=f"Saving weights and logs of step {checkpoint_step}", blocking=False) logging.info('Stopping training loop early since `stop_training` is ' 'requested.') break inner_num_steps = min(epoch_end_step - host_step, stats_period) train_summary = trainer.train( train_iter, inner_num_steps, start_step=host_step) if not concurrent_metrics: # Note that we always pass the dictionary of `tasks` -> summary so # that the actions can be performed without special casing. The only # caveat is that train would need its own special `key` given no # `task` will be applied. trainer.stop_training = run_actions( trainer_lib.ActionMode.TRAIN, actions, trainer.train_state, {TRAIN_METRIC_KEY: train_summary.result()}) host_step += inner_num_steps logging.info('END Train loop.') except trainer_lib.PreemptionError as e: logging.info('Saving emergency checkpoint.') checkpointer.save(trainer.train_state, checkpoint_cfg.save.state_transformation_fns) logging.info('Saving emergency checkpoint done.') raise e step_offset = host_step - first_step is_eval_epoch = eval_period and (final_epoch or step_offset % eval_period == 0) # Training Evaluation (i.e., with teacher forcing). if is_eval_epoch and train_eval_datasets: # Maybe less if final step < period. first_run = step_offset // eval_period <= 1 _run_training_eval(first_run and not run_eval_before_training) # Maybe save a checkpoint. if checkpoint_period and (final_epoch or step_offset % checkpoint_period == 0): # Make sure last train step has completed before starting the clock. train_summary.result() logging.info('Saving checkpoint.') checkpoint_tick = time.time() checkpointer.save(trainer.train_state, checkpoint_cfg.save.state_transformation_fns) checkpoint_tock = time.time() train_metrics.write_scalar('timing/checkpoint_seconds', checkpoint_tock - checkpoint_tick, host_step) if hub_model_id: # convert checkpoint to HF Flax model and push to hub checkpoint_step = trainer.train_state.step checkpoint_step = checkpoint_step.get() if isinstance(checkpoint_step, LazyArray) else checkpoint_step checkpoint_step = int(checkpoint_step) # Integer, to avoid side effects in the checkpoint path. subprocess.run(["python3", "convert_t5x_checkpoint_to_flax.py", f"--t5x_checkpoint_path='checkpoint_{checkpoint_step}'/'", "--config_name='config.json'", "--flax_dump_folder_path='./'"]) subprocess.run(["git", "lfs", "prune", "--verify-remote"]) repo.push_to_hub(commit_message=f"Saving weights and logs of step {checkpoint_step}", blocking=False) # Inference Evaluation (i.e., with decoding or scoring). if evaluator is not None: _run_inference_eval() # Wait until computations are done before exiting logging.info('Finished.') trainer.close() if evaluator: evaluator.close() multihost_utils.sync_global_devices('complete') return host_step, trainer.train_state if __name__ == '__main__': # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top from absl import app from absl import flags import gin from t5x import gin_utils # pylint: enable=g-import-not-at-top FLAGS = flags.FLAGS jax.config.parse_flags_with_absl() flags.DEFINE_multi_string( 'gin_file', default=None, help='Path to gin configuration file. Multiple paths may be passed and ' 'will be imported in the given order, with later configurations ' 'overriding earlier ones.') flags.DEFINE_multi_string( 'gin_bindings', default=[], help='Individual gin bindings.') flags.DEFINE_list( 'gin_search_paths', default=['.'], help='Comma-separated list of gin config path prefixes to be prepended ' 'to suffixes given via `--gin_file`. If a file appears in. Only the ' 'first prefix that produces a valid path for each suffix will be ' 'used.') flags.DEFINE_string( 'tfds_data_dir', None, 'If set, this directory will be used to store datasets prepared by ' 'TensorFlow Datasets that are not available in the public TFDS GCS ' 'bucket. Note that this flag overrides the `tfds_data_dir` attribute of ' 'all `Task`s.') flags.DEFINE_list( 'seqio_additional_cache_dirs', [], 'Directories to search for cached Tasks in addition to defaults.') def main(argv: Sequence[str]): """Wrapper for pdb post mortems.""" _main(argv) def _main(argv: Sequence[str]): """True main function.""" if len(argv) > 1: raise app.UsageError('Too many command-line arguments.') if FLAGS.tfds_data_dir: seqio.set_tfds_data_dir_override(FLAGS.tfds_data_dir) seqio.add_global_cache_dirs(FLAGS.seqio_additional_cache_dirs) # Create gin-configurable version of `train`. train_using_gin = gin.configurable(train) gin_utils.parse_gin_flags( # User-provided gin paths take precedence if relative paths conflict. FLAGS.gin_search_paths + _DEFAULT_GIN_SEARCH_PATHS, FLAGS.gin_file, FLAGS.gin_bindings) train_using_gin() gin_utils.run(main)